Macromalthinus xerophilus, Biffi & Constantin, 2018

Biffi, Gabriel & Constantin, Robert, 2018, A revision of Macromalthinus Pic, 1919 with description of six new species (Coleoptera: Cantharidae: Chauliognathinae), Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (Pap. Avulsos Zool., S. Paulo) 58, pp. 1-22 : 16-17

Macromalthinus brasiliensis ( Pic, 1906) ( Figs. 50 , 59-65 )

Maronius brasiliensis Pic, 1906: 22 ; Delkeskamp, 1939: 214; Blackwelder, 1945: 369; Delkeskamp, 1977: 465.

Macromalthinus brasiliensis ; Brancucci, 1981a: 268; Biffi &

Casari, 2017: 131. Material examined: LECTOTYPE ♂: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais:

CaraÇa, XII.1885, E. Gounelle ( MNHN) ( Fig. 50 ).

PARALECTOTYPE: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: CaraÇa, XII.1885, E. Gounelle (1 ♂ MNHN).

Other specimens: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Serra do CaraÇa , 27.XI-05.XII.1972, Exp. Mus. Zool. leg. (3 ♀ MZSP 30642-30644 ) ; Nova Lima (mata), 19°58’07.4”S, 43°51’22.7”W, 07-22.XI.2015, malaise, A.R. Lima leg. (1 ♀ UFMG ICO 1800203 ) ; idem, 08.XI.2015 - 29.XI.2015 (1 ♀ UFMG ICO 1800202 ) ; PoÇos de Caldas ( Morro São Domingos ), 12.II.1969, J. Becker, O. Roppa & O. Leoncini leg. (2 ♀ MNRJ) ; Itajubá (Reserva Biológica Municipal da Serra dos Toledos ), 25.VIII.2016, S.P. Rosa & A.C. Lopes col. (1 ♀ MZSP 10344 ) ; idem, IX-X.2015, malaise, Rosa col. (1 ♂ MZSP) ; idem, 24.IX-15.X.2015, Rosa & Dias col. (3 ♂, 4 ♀ MZSP) ; idem, 15.X-08.XI.2015, Rosa col. (15 ♂, 8 ♀ MZSP) ; idem, 08.XI-06.XII.2015, malaises 1 and 3, Dias & Rosa col. (6 ♂, 19 ♀ MZSP) ; XI.2015 - I.2016, malaise, Rosa & Dias col. (2 ♂ MZSP) ; idem, 06.XII.2015 - 04. II.2016, malaise, Rosa col. (3 ♀ MZSP) ; idem, 02.XI-05. XII.2017, Rosa col. (17 ♂, 14 ♀ MZSP) ; idem, 08.XI-06. XII.2017, malaise, Rosa & Dias col. (2 ♂, 2 ♀ MZSP). Espírito Santo: Atílio Vivácqua (Serra das Torres), 20°59’52.6”S, 41°12’49.8”W, 14-19.IV.2007, Malaise, Ponto 5, C. Waichert & equipe col. (N.01017) (1 ♀ UFES) ; Santa Teresa (EstaÇão Biológica de Santa Lúcia), Malaise P 2 Trilha , 11-14.XII.2012, M.T. Tavares & eq. col. (N.1718) (1 ♀ UFES) ; idem, Malaise P 2 Bosque , 11-14.XII.2012 M.T. Tavares & eq. col. (N.1719) (1 ♂ UFES) ; Santa Teresa (Reserva Biológica de Augusto Ruschi), Trilha da Cachoeira , 812 m 19°54’29”S, 40°33’19”W, 10-17. XII.2012, arm. Malaise 6, C.O. Azevedo e eq. col. (N.1745) (4 ♀ UFES) ; idem, arm. Malaise 12, C.O. Azevedo e eq. col. (N.1751) (1 ♀ UFES) ; Ibitirama (Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Santa Marta ), alt. 1.050 m, 20°29’42”S, 41°43’56”W, arm. 01, 06-13.III.2013, arm. Malaise, C.O. Azevedo & F.B. Fraga col. (N.01769) (2 ♀ UFES) ; idem, arm. 04, 06-13.III.2013, arm. Malaise, C.O. Azevedo & F.B. Fraga col. (N.01772) (2 ♀ UFES) ; idem, trilha da Toca de São Jorge , alt. 1230 m, 20°27’57”S, 41°44’42”W, arm. 31, 16-23.III.2013, arm. Malaise, C.O. Azevedo & F.B. Fraga col. (N.01799) (1 ♀ UFES) ; idem, arm. 39, 16-23.III.2013, arm. Malaise, C.O. Azevedo & F.B. Fraga col. (N.01807) (1 ♀ UFES) ; Divino de São LourenÇo (Parque Nacional do Caparaó), trilha do Facão de Pedra , alt. 1,500 m, 20°24’30”S, 41°47’06”W, arm. 22, 15-22.III.2013, arm. Malaise, C.O. Azevedo & F.B. Fraga col. (N.01790) (1 ♀ UFES) ; idem, arm. 23, 15-22.III.2013, arm. Malaise, C.O. Azevedo & F.B. Fraga col. (N.01791) (1 ♀ UFES) ; Rio de Janeiro: Friburgo , II.1933, C.F. M.L. leg. (1 ♀ MNRJ) ; Petrópolis , 05-07.III.1962, J. Bechyné leg. (1 ♀ MZSP) ; Teresópolis , 02-05.XII.1958, Martinez, Werner, Alvarenga e Seabra leg. (1 ♀ DZUP 273511 ) ; Teresópolis,Pq. N. Serra dos Órgãos , casa do pesquisador, 16.xii.2016, Simeão Moraes leg. (1 ♀ MZSP) ; São Paulo: São Paulo ( Jardim Botânico ), 23°38’20”S, 46°37’10”W, 25.I.2013, Biffi, G. col. (1 ♀ MZSP 30648 ) ; idem, 07.XII.2013, Biffi, G. col. (2 ♂, 1 ♀ MZSP 30654-30656 ) ; Jundiaí ( Reserva Biológica Serra do Japi ), I-III.2008, malaise, L.C. Lecci leg. (1 ♂ MZSP 30640 ) ; idem, (Reserva Biológica Serra do Japi, trilha da cachoeira do Paraíso, riacho Paraíso ), 23°14’S, 46°57’W, 1,050 m, 25.II-12.III.2008, malaise, Lecci LC & Nascimento EA leg. (1 ♂ MZSP 30641 ) ; idem, 23°14’20”S, 46°57’27”W, 23-25.I.2012, Nascimento E.A., Biffi G & Fernandes F.R. col. (1 ♀ MZSP 30652 ) ; Salesópolis ( EstaÇão Biológica de Boracéia ), 23°38’29”S, 45°51’22”W, 24.XII.2008 - 07.I.2009, malaise, Nihei col. (4 ♂ MZSP 30647 , 30649-30651 ) ; idem, 23°39’26.0”S, 45°53’32.1”W, 06-09.XII.2012, Ferreira, V.S. col. (1 ♂ MZSP 30645 ) ; idem, 11-13.II.2012, ExpediÇão MZUSP col. (1 ♀ MZSP 30661 ) ; idem, 23°39’15”S, 45°53’22”W, 16-21.XI.2017, arm. luz, ExpediÇão MZUSP col. (1 ♀ MZSP) ; idem, 08.I.2008, malaise 1, A.S. Soares col. (2 ♂ MZSP 30660 , 30663 ) ; idem, Trilha do PoÇo Verde (área fechada), 23°38’55.0”S, 45°52’49.3”W, 867 m, 09-15.I.2003, malaise 1, ACC Macedo & JS Freitas col. (1 ♀ MZSP 30653 ) ; Campos do Jordão , 15.IX.2017, Rosa col. (1 ♀ MZSP) ; idem, 10.XII.2017, Rosa col. (1 ♀ MZSP) ; Bertioga ( Parque Estadual Restinga de Beritoga , fazenda IÇassu), 23°45’06”S, 46°03’09”W, 16.II.2013, Biffi, G. & Ament, D.C. col. (1 ♂ MZSP 30662 ) ; idem, 05.I-16.II.2013, malaise, Biffi, Cezar & Fuhrmann col. (1 ♂, 2 ♀ MZSP 30657-30659 ) idem, 23.XI.2012 - 05.I.2013 (1 ♂, 2 ♀ RPSP). Paraná: Antonina ( Reserva Sapitanduba ), 22.XII.1986, malaise (Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR) (1 ♀ DZUP 273501 ) ; idem, 24.XI.1986 (1 ♀ DZUP 273502 ) ; Jundiaí do Sul ( Fazenda Monte Verde ), 14.XII.1987,malaise(Lev.Ent. PROFAUPAR) (3 ♂, 1 ♀ DZUP 273533 , 273545 , 273546 , 273550 ) ; idem, 16.XI.1987 (4 ♂ DZUP 273539-273542 ) ; idem, 02.XI.1987 (1 ♂ DZUP 273543 ) ; idem, 21.XII.1987 (3 ♀ DZUP 273547-273549 ) ; idem, 23.XI.1987 (7 ♂, 3 ♀ DZUP 273527-273532 , 273535-273538 ) ; idem, 04.I.1988 (1 ♂, 1 ♀ DZUP 273554-273555 ) ; idem, 07.XII.1987 (1 ♂ DZUP 273544 ) ; idem, 09.XI.1987 (1 ♂ DZUP 273534 ) ; Ponta Grossa ( Passo do Pupo ), -25.101 -49.937, 14-15. XI.2015, Biffi, G. Nascimento, E.A., Prado, L.R. & Ray, A. col. (3 ♀ MZSP 30665-30667 ) ; idem, PN Campos Gerais, 25°06’02.85”S, 49°56’20.32”W, 18.XII.2014, Nascimento, E.A. & Bressan, T.D. col. (1 ♀ MZSP 30664 ) ; idem, Reserva IAPAR,BR 376, 07.XII.1987,malaise(Lev.Ent. PROFAUPAR) (2 ♂, 1 ♀ DZUP 273551-273553 ). Santa Catarina: Nova Teutonia , II.1936, B. Pohl (1 ♀ MZSP 30646 ) .

Differential diagnosis: Pronotum subquadrate, entirely orangish yellow, without dark patches; elytra brown with apical yellow patches; males: fore femur swollen, with distinct ventral tooth; ventrite VIII smooth, without ridges; aedeagus with right prolongation of tegmen truncate, short, narrow; left setiferous prolongation absent; females: ventrite VII short, wide, distal margin projected posteriorly.

This species differs from M. xerophilus sp. nov. by having larger size, pronotum, thorax and abdomen spotless, pale to orangish yellow, fore femur of males with a truncate ventral tooth.

Distribution: Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina states) ( Fig. 66-67 ).

Localities description: This species is widely found along the southeastern and southern Atlantic forest, from the seashore to highlands over to 1,600 m, and from humid costal to dryer inland areas.

Natural history: Macromalthinus brasiliensis is a rath- er common species in southeastern Brazil, frequently collected with malaise traps. Despite the abundance of specimens, little is known about their natural history. Mendes et al. (2015) studied the range of altitudinal distribution of Macromalthinus brasiliensis in the Atlantic forest in Parque Nacional da Serra dos Orgãos, Rio de Janeiro state. The authors collected 799 specimens distributed between 350 m and 1,250 m altitude, with a peak of abundance at 700 m altitude and equivalent ration between males and females. Larvae of this species were found in a gully and fed on termites ( Biffi & Casari, 2017). In the laboratory, females of M. brasiliensis were observed laying large masses of eggs under the substrate.

Figures

Figures 49-54: Type specimens of Macromalthinus species. (49) M. belemensis Brancucci,1981 (holotype, MPEG).(50) M. brasiliensis (Pic,1906) (= Maronius brasiliensis Pic,1906 (lectotype,MNHN).(51) M. globuliventris Brancucci,1981 (paratype,NHMB).(52) M. maximiceps Pic,1919 (lectotype,MNHN).(53) M.santaremensis Brancucci,1981 (holotype,NHMB).(54) M.schmidli Constantin,2010 (holotype,NHMB).Scale bars:2.0 mm.

Figures 59-65: Morphology of Macromalthinus brasiliensis. (59) Habitus of male, lateral view. (60) Abdomen of male, ventral view. (61) Live specimen, male. (62) Genitalorgans of female,lateral view.(63-65) Aedeagus,left,dorsal and right view.Abbreviations:ag = accessory gland,bc = bursa copulatrix,ov = oviduct, sp = spermatheca,v = vagina.

Figures 66-69: Distribution of Macromalthinus species. (66) Distribution of Macromalthinus species in South America. (67) Distribution of M. brasiliensis in Brazil.(68)Distribution ofM.maximiceps inFrench Guiana.(69)Distribution of M.guyanensis sp.nov.,andM.orapuensis sp.nov.inFrench Guiana.Background maps of Figs.66-67 by NaturalEarth (available at:www.naturalearthdata.com), and Figs.68-69 byEric Gaba.