Janula malachina ( Simon, 1895 )

Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes, Rodrigues, Patrícia E. S., Brescovit, Antonio D. & Koh, Joseph K. H., 2022, An update on the phylogeny of Spintharinae with analysis based on morphological characters and taxonomy of Janula (Araneae, Theridiidae), Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 22 (3), pp. 749-787 : 780-781

Janula malachina ( Simon, 1895) (Figs. 31, 32, 49, 50, 58).

Janulus malachinus Simon, 1895: 135 , two syntypes ♀, Pebas, Loreto, Peru, deposited in Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, examined by H. W. Levi.

Episinus malachinus ; Levi, 1964a: 14, figs. 30–33.

Janula malachina ; Yoshida & Koh, 1911: 79.

Diagnosis Janula malachina ( Simon, 1895) is similar to J. lutzenbergeri sp. nov. by the presence of a single median pointed projection on the dorsum of the abdomen, but differs by the shape of the abdomen with rounded lateral angles (Fig. 32). In Janula malachina , the apical process of conductor has a bird head-shape apex (Fig. 31), while in J. lutzenbergeri sp. nov., the apical process of conductor has an obtuse apex.

Male description (IBSP 9114). Carapace pale yellow, grayish in the thoracic region, with darkened margin. Two conical tubercles behind the anterior median eyes. Legs whitish, except tibiae I–III distally, and leg IV grayish. Abdomen pale yellow, dorsum with a median white band, interrupted in the central part that extends to the small median tubercle. Posteriorly grayish. Venter pale yellow, on each lateral of the spinnerets a white spot, between them slightly gray. AME larger than other eyes. Lateral eyes of the same size and smaller than the other eyes. The PME smaller than the other eyes. PME distant from each other by an eye diameter.

Measures. Total length 1.78. Carapace: length 0.62, width 0.58. Leg formula 1423. Leg length I: femora 1.62; patellae + tibiae 1.67; metatarsi 1.75; tarsi 0.65; total 5.69. Patellae + tibiae: II 0.98; III 0.68; IV 1.22.

Female Described by Simon (1895) (see Levi, 1964a: 14, figs. 30–33).

Variation Total length in males (n = 5) 1.67–1.85; carapace 0.62–0.70; femur I 1.60–1.85.

Note. All males collected have the same abdomen shape with rounded lateral angles. In females, the abdomen is subspherical or slightly elongated as in males. Both have the same color pattern and were collected together in Northern Brazil.

Distribution Peru (Loreto) and Brazil (Acre, Amazonas).

New records ( Fig. 58 ) BRAZIL. Acre: Marechal Thaumaturgo ( Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor , 08° 56′ 27″ S, 72° 47′ 31″ W), 2 ♂, 2 ♀, 14, 18, 19.III.1997, L. Resende & R. S. Vieira leg. ( IBSP 20,112 , 12,198 , 20,110 ); (Pedernal) , 3 ♂, 13.XI.1996, R. S. Vieira ( IBSP 9114 ); (Campo) , ♀, 15.XI.1996, R. S. Vieira ( IBSP 9372 ) ; 2 ♀, 09.XI.1996, R. S. Vieira ( IBSP 17,131 ) ; Rio Branco ( Reserva Extrativista de Humaitá , 09° 58′ 16″ S, 67° 48′ 40″ W), ♂, 12.IV.1996, Equipe IBSP/SMNK leg. ( IBSP 17,133 ) . Amazonas: São Gabriel da Cachoeira ( Maturacá , 00° 07′ 48″ S, 67° 05′ 20″ W), ♀, 14.X.1990, A. A. Lise leg. ( MCTP 2041 ) .

Janula teresopolis ( Levi, 1964a) comb. nov. (Figs. 33, 34, 57).

Episinus teresopolis Levi, 1964a: 15 , figs. 24–26, holotype ♀ and paratype ♀, Teresópolis , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil, March 1946, H. Sick leg., deposited in American Museum of Natural History, New York.

Diagnosis Janula teresopolis ( Levi, 1964a) is distinguished from all other species of the genus by the abdomen with a developed dorsal median tubercle (Fig. 34). The males of Janula teresopolis resemble those of J. itaqui sp. nov. by the shape of conductor with an elongated and thin distal projection, but differ by the TTA with apical projection as a developed hook (Fig. 33), as opposed to a small hook in J. itaqui sp. nov.

Male description (IBSP 79,710). Carapace light yellow, lateral grayish. Eyes surrounded by red pigment. Two conical tubercles behind the anterior median eyes. Clypeus reddish. Chelicerae, labium, endites, and sternum whitish. Legs reddish-brown, except proximal portion of femora and leg III whitish. Abdomen trapezoidal (Fig. 34), yellow with dorsal white dots; lateral grayish with a large red band near the anterior region. Dorsum with five pointed projections, four lateral projections, two on each side, and one developed median pointed projection (Fig. 34). Venter with grayish median area. AME larger than other eyes. Lateral eyes of the same size and smaller than the other eyes. PME distant from each other by an eye diameter.

Measures. Total length 1.30. Carapace: length 0.58, width 0.49. Leg formula 1423. Leg length I: femora 0.81; patellae + tibiae 1.00; metatarsi 0.66; tarsi 0.46; total 2.93. Patellae + tibiae: II 0.65; III 0.46; IV 0.74.

Female See Levi (1964a: 15, figs. 24–26).

Variation Total length in males (n = 10) 1.28–1.36; carapace 0.52–0.58; femur I 0.75–0.82. In some individuals, the abdomen with abundant white pigment, in others all whitish. The length of the median dorsal projection is variable.

Distribution Brazil ( Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul).

New records ( Fig. 57 ) BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro : Petrópolis ( Fazenda Ranchinho da Roça , 22° 30′ 18″ S, 43° 10′ 44″ W), ♀, 08–15.II.2000, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 49,768 ) . São Paulo: Guarulhos (Parque Estadual da Cantareira, Cabuçu , 23° 24′ 15″ S, 46° 31′ 59″ W), 7 ♂, 12 ♀, 16–22. VII.2001, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 85,059 –85,067) and 8 ♂, 23 ♀ ( MCN 41,461 –41,468) ; Ilhabela ( Parque Estadual de Ilhabela , 23° 48′ 54″ S, 45° 22′ 14″ W) ♀, 09–15.X.0.2001, Equipe Biota leg. ( MCN 40,941 ) ; Mogi das Cruzes ( Parque Natural Municipal da Serra do Itapety , 23° 31′ 22″ S, 46° 11′ 16″ W) ♂, ♀, 13–19.X.2003, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 70,709, 79,710) ; Salesópolis ( Boracéia , 23° 31′ 55″ S, 45° 50′ 45″ W), ♂, ♀, 6–9.VII.1948, H. Camargo leg. ( MZSP 13,773 ) ; Iguape (24° 42′ 28″ S, 47° 33′ 18″ W), ♂, 5.XI.1968, Biasi & Leme leg. ( MZSP 13,772 ) . Paraná: Rio Branco do Sul (25° 11′ 24″ S, 49° 18′ 50″ W), 2 ♀, 16.IV.1987, A. D. Brescovit leg. ( MCN 16,742 ) ; Curitiba ( Barigui , 25° 25′ 47″ S, 49° 16′ 19″ W), ♀, 11.III.1959, R. Lange leg. ( MCN 22,234 ) ; Antonina ( Reserva Natural do Rio Cachoeira , 25° 25′ 44″ S, 48° 42′ 43″ W), ♂, 23.IX.2005, F. Raub leg. ( MCN 44,598 ) ; Guaraqueçaba ( Reserva Natural Serra do Itaqui , 25° 17′ 19″ S, 48° 28′ 29″ W), ♂, ♀, 16.IX.2007, E. Alvarez leg. ( MCN 46,498, 46,499) . Santa Catarina: Blumenau ( Parque Natural Municipal Nascentes do Ribeirão Garcia , 27° 01′ S, 49° 09′ W), ♀, 21–28.I.2003, Equipe Biota leg. ( MCN 39,725 ) ; Paulo Lopes ( Parque Estadual da Serra do Tabuleiro , 27° 57′ 43″ S, 48° 41′ 02″ W) ♂, ♀, 10–20.I.2003, Equipe Biota leg. ( MCN 42,935 ) . Rio Grande do Sul: São Francisco de Paula (27° 57′ 43″ S, 48° 41′ 02″ W), ♂, 24.V.2003, E. L. C. da Silva leg. ( MCN 35,762 ); ( Usina Hidrelétrica Passo do Inferno , 27° 57′ 48″ S, 48° 41′ 20″ W) , ♀, 26.IX.2000, M. A. L. Marques leg. ( MCN 33,283 ); (FLONA São Francisco de Paula , 29° 25′ 22.4″ S, 50° 23′ 11.2″ W) , 2 ♂, 2 ♀, 2004, R. Baldissera leg. ( MCN 42,857, 42,858) ; Canela ( Usina Hidrelétrica Canastra , 29° 21′ 57″ S, 50° 48′ 57″ W), ♂, 28.IX. 2000, M. A. L. Marques leg. ( MCN 33,347 ) ; Cristal (Riparian forest, Camaquã River , 31° 01′ 01.7″ S, 51° 56′ 42.0″ W), ♂, ♀, 11.IX.2007, E. N. L. Rodrigues & P. E. S. Rodrigues leg. ( MCN 48,567 ) ; 3 ♂, 4 ♀, 26.VII.2007, E. N. L. Rodrigues & P. E. S. Rodrigues leg. ( MCN 48,535 ) ; ♂, 2 ♀, 19.XII.2007, E. N. L. Rodrigues & P. E. S. Rodrigues leg. ( MCN 48,614 ) ; 2 ♂, ♀, 03.II.2008, E. N. L. Rodrigues & P. E. S. Rodrigues leg. ( MCN 48,640 ) .

Figures

Fig.58 Distribution of the new species and new records of genus Janula in Brazil and Bolivia

Fig. 57 Distribution of the new species and new records of genus Janula in Brazil and Bolivia