Xiruana Brescovit, 1997

Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2015, A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical spider genus Xiruana Brescovit 1997 (Araneae: Anyphaenidae, Anyphaeninae), Zootaxa 3980 (2), pp. 201-229 : 202

Xiruana Brescovit, 1997

Xiruana Brescovit, 1997: 102 (type species by original designation: Aysha gracilipes Keyserling, 1891 ).

Diagnosis. Xiruana differs from other Anyphaeninae genera by a combination of the following characters: tracheal spiracle close to the epigastric furrow ( Figs 1 B, D), male palp with bifid retrolateral tibial apophysis ( Figs 2 E, F), conductor of Anyphaeninae furrowed longitudinally ( Figs 2 A, B); female epigynum with large median septum, with lateral borders strongly concave and sclerotized ( Fig. 2 G).

Description. See description in Brescovit (1997: 102–104). The following characters are included: carapace sub-rectangular and enlarged near coxae III–IV, with short thoracic furrow ( Figs 1 A, C). Chelicerae slightly projected, approximately half-the length of the carapace, basal condyle conspicuous, with 3–5 promarginal teeth and 4–5 retromarginal denticles ( Fig. 4 A). One row of trichobothria ( Figs 4 C, D) on metatarsi I–IV and two rows on tarsi I–IV. Paired tarsal claws with 6–7 teeth ( Figs 4 E, F). Male palp: patellar apophysis short and rounded ( Figs 2 D–F); median tibial apophysis short and usually triangular ( Figs 2 D–F); tibia with retrolateral tibial apophysis bifid distally, with anterior branch narrow and long and posterior branch short and conical ( Figs 2 D–F); conductor of Anyphaeninae with or without retrolateral keel and with longitudinal furrow ( Figs 2 A, B; 3A, B); ventral tegular process short and hyaline ( Figs 2 A, B). Female epigynum: epigynal plate with anterior border usually shorter than posterior border ( Fig. 2 G).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Xiruana hirsuta (Mello-Leitão), habitus: A male, dorsal view; B same, ventral view; C female, dorsal view; D same, ventral view. Abbreviation: TS, tracheal spiracle.

FIGURE 2. Xiruana gracilipes (Keyserling): A male left palp, ventral view; B same, retrolateral view; C same, median apophysis; D male palpal tibia, retrolateral view; E, same, retrodorsal view; F same, dorsal view; G female epigynum, ventral view; H same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; AB, anterior border; aRTA, anterior retrolateral tibial apophysis; CA, conductor of Anyphaeninae; CD, copulatory ducts; CO, copulatory opening; E, embolus; FC, furrow of conductor; FD, fertilization ducts; LB, lateral borders; MA, median apophysis; MTA, median tibial apophysis; PA, patellar apophysis; PB, posterior border; pRTA, posterior retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; SR, seminal receptacles; T, tegulum; VTP, ventral tegular process. Scale bars: A 0.4 mm; B 0.3 mm; C 0.1 mm; H 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 4. Xiruana hirsuta (Mello-Leitão): A chelicerae, retrolateral view; B tarsus I, tarsal organ; C, metatarsus I, trichobothrium; D, same, trichobothrial base; E, claw tuft; F, tarsus I, claws. Scale bars: A 0.5 mm; B, D 0.05 mm; C 0.02 mm; E 0.2 mm; F 0.1 mm.