Panorpa wormaldi, MacLachlan, 1875

Wang, Ji-Shen & Suzuki, Tomoya, 2022, Review of the Panorpa wormaldi group (Mecoptera: Panorpidae), with descriptions of two new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 794, pp. 18-39 : 33-35

Key to species of the Panorpa wormaldi group

Males

19 species

1. Wing markings greatly reduced and covering less than 1/5 area of wing .......................................... 2

– Wing markings well-developed and covering at least 1/5 area of wing ............................................. 7

2. Hypandrium at least extending to middle of gonocoxites apically; parameres trifurcated .............. 3

– Hypandrium greatly shortened and not reaching middle of gonocoxites apically; parameres bifurcated .......................................................................................................................................... 4

3. Paramere concealed in gonocoxital cavity, with dorsal branch bearing short microtrichia along inner margin ................................................................................................ P. ochraceocauda Issiki, 1927

– Paramere extending beyond apex of gonocoxites, with dorsal branch bearing long spines along inner margin ...................................................................................... P. longiramina Issiki & Cheng, 1947

4. Paramere with ventral branch glabrous ............................................................................................ 5

– Paramere with ventral branch bearing long bristles ......................................................................... 6

5. Paramere with dorsal branch greatly curved and S-shaped ................................................................ ...................................................................................... P. amamiensis Miyamoto & Makihara, 1984

– Paramere with dorsal branch straight ....................................................... P. nudiramus Byers, 2002

6. Paramere with dorsal branch greatly elongated, twice longer than ventral branch and exceeding apex of gonocoxites ............................................................................... P. okinawaensis Nakamura, 2009

– Paramere with dorsal branch shorter than ventral branch and not exceeding apex of gonocoxite ..... ................................................................................................ P. tokunoshimaensis Nakamura, 2009

7. Wings with marginal spot greatly elongated, fused with pterostigmal band and forming a distinct V-shaped pattern ............................................................................................................................... 8

– Wings lacking a V-shaped pattern ....................................................................................................11

8. Genital bulb long oval (approximately twice as long as wide); hypovalves longer than basal stalk of hypandrium ................................................................................................. P. implicata Cheng, 1957

– Genital bulb bold oval (approximately 1.7 × as long as wide); hypovalves shorter than basal stalk of hypandrium ....................................................................................................................................... 9

9. Gonostylus with basal process bifurcated into two small teeth; paramere S-shaped ......................... ....................................................................................................................... P. gressitti Byers, 1970

– Gonostylus with basal process stout and simple; parameres relatively straight ............................. 10

10. Parameres curved inward and bearing short bristles subapically ............ P. obliqua Carpenter, 1945

– Parameres curved laterad and bearing long bristles subapically ...................... P. zhuohengi sp. nov.

11. Pterostigmal band with detached apical branch and forming a distinct oblique band..................... 12

– Pterostigmal band with apical branch intact ................................................................................... 15

12. Vertex yellow with a trident-shaped black pattern; paramere trifurcated ........................................... .................................................................................................................... P. peterseana Issiki, 1927

– Vertex brown to black, and lacking a trident-shaped black patter; paramere bifurcated ................ 13

13. Meso- and metanotum each with a yellowish mesal stripe .............................. P. fengyanga sp. nov.

– Meso- and metanotum lacking a yellowish mesal stripe ................................................................ 14

14. Hypovalves exceeding apex of gonocoxites; parameres with dorsal branch extending to middle of gonostylus ................................................................................ P. obliquifascia Chou & Wang, 1987

– Hypovalves extending to ⅔ of gonocoxites; parameres with dorsal branch slightly exceeding apex of gonocoxites ........................................................................................... P. kiusiuensis Issiki, 1929

15. Hypovalves with intensely narrowed and truncated apex ........................ P. hiurai Miyamoto, 1985

– Hypovalves with tapering and relatively rounded apex ................................................................. 16

16. Hypandrium short, with apex of hypovalves not extending to apex of gonocoxites; hypovalves shorter than basal stalk of hypandrium ........................................................................................... 17

– Hypandrium long, with apex of hypovalves extending to apex of gonocoxites; hypovalves longer than basal stalk of hypandrium ....................................................................................................... 18

17. Wing markings slightly reduced with two reversed, separated Y-shaped pattern .............................. ........................................................................................................... P. multifasciaria Miyaké, 1910

– Wing markings dense and reticulate, with two reversed Y-shaped pattern connected by an additional transverse stripe ............................................................................................. P. striata Miyaké, 1908

18. Wings with pterostigmal band represented by two anteriorly connected Y-shaped pattern; parameres unfurcated and short, not exceeding apex of gonocoxites ................ P. wormaldi MacLachlan, 1875

– Wings with marginal spot fused with pterostigmal band and forming an H-shaped pattern; parameres bifurcated with dorsal branch extending to middle of gonostylus .......... P. tsunekatanis Issiki, 1929

Females

14 species; P. kiusiuensis , P. ochraceocauda , P. multifasciaria , P. nudiramus and P. wormaldi unknown.

1. Wing markings greatly reduced and covering less than 1/5 area of wing .......................................... 2

– Wing markings well-developed and covering at least 1/5 area of wing ............................................. 5

2. Axis extremely shortened, shorter than half length of posterior arms ................................................ ................................................................................................ P. tokunoshimaensis Nakamura, 2009

– Axis in medigynium longer than half length of posterior arms ........................................................ 3

3. Axis in medigynium greatly elongated, longer than posterior arms ................................................... ....................................................................................................... P. okinawaensis Nakamura, 2009

– Axis approximately as long as or shorter than posterior arms .......................................................... 4

4. Axis in medigynium shorter than posterior arms ........ P. amamiensis Miyamoto & Makihara, 1984

– Axis in medigynium approximately as long as posterior arms P. longiramina Issiki & Cheng, 1947

5. Wings with marginal spot greatly elongated, fused with pterostigmal band and forming a distinct V-shaped pattern ............................................................................................................................... 6

– Wings lacking a V-shaped pattern ..................................................................................................... 9

6. Axis in medigynium lacking apodemes ......................................................... P. gressitti Byers, 1970

– Axis in medigynium bearing apodemes ........................................................................................... 7

7. Axis longer than posterior arms .................................................................. P. implicata Cheng, 1957

– Axis shorter than posterior arms ....................................................................................................... 8

8. Separated spot anterior to ORs; posterior arms of medigynium narrow ............................................ .................................................................................................................. P. obliqua Carpenter, 1945

– Continuous band across ORs; posterior arms of medigynium broad at base and tapering towards acute apex ......................................................................................................... P. zhuohengi sp. nov.

9. Pterostigmal band with detached apical branch and forming a distinct oblique band .................... 10

– Pterostigmal band with apical branch intact ................................................................................... 12

10. Vertex yellow with a trident-shaped black pattern .................................... P. peterseana Issiki, 1927

– Vertex brown to black, and lacking a trident-shaped black pattern .................................................11

11. Meso- and metanotum each with a yellowish mesal stripe .............................. P. fengyanga sp. nov.

– Meso- and metanotum lacking a yellowish mesal stripe ......... P. obliquifascia Chou & Wang, 1987

12. Wing markings reticulate and lacking recognizable Y-shaped patterns ............................................. ................................................................................................................. P. tsunekatanis Issiki, 1929

– Wing markings with two reversed Y-shaped patterns and a transverse band between them .......... 13

13. Posterior arms with broad lateral projection in distal half; apodemes slightly divergent ................... ........................................................................................................................ P. striata Miyaké, 1908

– Posterior arms lacking lateral projection; apodemes greatly divergent .... P. hiurai Miyamoto, 1985