Conopleura latiaxisa Chino, 2011

Nappo, Andrea, Rey, Xabier, Pellegrini, Daniel, Bonomolo, Giuseppe & Crocetta, Fabio, 2018, Revisiting the disjunct distribution of Conopleura Hinds, 1844 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Drilliidae), Zootaxa 4392 (3), pp. 567-587 : 573-576

Conopleura latiaxisa Chino, 2011

Type locality: Central Indo-Pacific. Off PuNTA ENgAñO (MAcTAN ISLANd, PHILIPPINES, PAcIfIc OcEAN), bETwEEN 180– 250 m dEPTH ( FIg. 1C1 ).

Material examined: Central Indo-Pacific. Off PuNTA ENgAñO (MAcTAN ISLANd, PHILIPPINES), 220–240 m— HOLOTyPE—1 SH—10.6×4.8 ( NSMT-MO. 77385) ( FIg. 1C1 , 3M–O ; APPENdIx 1: FIg. 1B ); 180–250 m—PARATyPE 1—1 SH—10.8×5.1 (MNHN-IM-2000-24228) ( FIg. 1C1 ); PARATyPE 2—1 SH—9.6×4.5 (NMP- 041235) ( FIg. 1C1 ); PARATyPE 3—1 SH—10.4×4.8 ( KBIN. RBINS COLLEcTION, I.G. 32067, MT. 2600) ( FIg. 1C1 ); PARATyPE 4—1 SH— 11.4×5.2 (MC PRIVATE cOLLEcTION) ( FIg. 1C1 ); PARATyPE 5—1 SH—10.5×4.9 ( NSMT-MO. 77386) ( FIg. 1C1 ); PARATyPE 6—1 SH—10.1×5.0 ( ANSP 455651) ( FIg. 1C1 ); PARATyPE 7—1 SH—9.7×4.8 (CI # 622802) ( FIg. 1C1 ); PARATyPE 8—1 SH—11.9×5.7 (CI # 619117) ( FIg. 1C1 ). Temperate northern Pacific. TOkASHIkI ISLANd (OkINAwA, JAPAN), 1991, 110 m—1 SH—3.4×2 (MC) ( FIg. 1C 2 ). Central Indo-Pacific. Off PuNTA ENgAñO (MAcTAN ISLANd, PHILIPPINES), 2011, TRAwLEd 150–250 m—1 SH—10.7×5* (AN) ( FIg. 1C1 ); 180–250 m—1 SH—9×4.6* (AN) ( FIg. 1C1 ); 10/06/2013, 220 m—2 SH—11.1×5.1*, 10×5* (AN) ( FIg. 1C1 ); 11/2015, 100 m—2 SH—9.8×4.8*, 9.9×4.9* (AN) ( FIg. 1C1 ); 12/2015, TRAwLEd 200 m—1 SH—10.4×5.2* (AN) ( FIg. 1C1 , 2B ). Off CORAL POINT (MAcTAN ISLANd, PHILIPPINES), 2001, 100–200 m—1 SH—10.8×4.9* (AN) ( FIg. 1C1 , 3P–U ). MAcTAN ISLANd, PHILIPPINES, 2009, 220 m—1 SH—11.0×4.9* (AN) ( FIg. 1C1 ). Off MALINgIN ISLANd ( PHILIPPINES), 2012, 180–250 m—1 SH—10.1×4.4* (AN) ( FIg. 1C 3, 3V –Z ).

Known distribution and bathymetric range: ONLy kNOwN fROm TyPE LOcALITy ANd NEARby AREAS, wHERE SHELLS wERE REPORTEd fROm 100–250 m dEPTH . Central Indo-Pacific. PHILIPPINES ( CHINO 2011 : MAcTAN ISLANd; PRESENT PAPER) ( FIg. 1C1, 1C 3 ). Temperate northern Pacific . JAPAN ( PRESENT PAPER) ( FIg. 1C 2 ).

Description: SPEcIES wITH A SmALL SHELL, SOLId, SLENdER ANd bIcONIcAL, wITH AcumINATE-ELONgATE SPIRE, Of ~ 12 mm mAxImum HEIgHT ANd 8–9 wHORLS IN LARgE-SIzEd SPEcImENS ( FIg. 3M–Q ). SHELL cOLOuR ALmOST wHITISH, SOmETImES wITH A mARgINAL LIgHT bROwNISH TINgE ON dORSAL SIdE Of LAST wHORL ( FIg. 3M–Q ). PROTOcONcH Of ~2.25 wHORLS, SEmI-TRANSLucENT wHITISH, SmOOTH ( FIg. 3V –Z ). APEx dEPRESSEd, SEcONd ANd THIRd wHORLS SLIgHTLy cONVEx ( FIg. 3V –Z ). TELEOcONcH Of 5–6 cONVEx wHORLS AT mATuRITy, INcREASINg IN dIAmETER uP TO LAST wHORL, cONSTITuTINg AROuNd HALf Of TOTAL SHELL HEIgHT ANd SIgNIfIcANTLy ExPANdEd AT SHOuLdER ANd SubSEquENTLy NARROwINg ( FIg. 3M–Q ). SuTuRE dISTINcT, SLIgHTLy INcISEd wITH A SuLcuS, SHOuLdER dEEPLy cORONATE, wITH wELL-dEVELOPEd TRIgONAL LObATE SPINES, Table 1. Comparative table of main morphologic features of taxa currently ascribed to the genus Conopleura Hinds, 1844 (data amended from literature and present paper).

Conopleura striata Conopleura latiaxisa “ Conopleura ” aliena

Figures Fig. 3A ̅L Fig. 3M ̅Z Fig. 4A ̅H, 4W False umbilicus present present absent Aperture

ga: narrow, sinuous, and axially ga: narrow, sinuous, and axially

ga: general aspect ga: wide and oval

elongated elongated

cl: slightly expanded callus, no cl: slightly expanded callus, no cl: slightly expanded callus, cl: columellar edge columellar rib columellar rib evident columellar rib ol: outer lip ol: stromboid notch present ol: stromboid notch present ol: stromboid notch absent as: anal sinus as: present as: present as: present Animal general color pattern whitish with dark maculae unknown unknown Distribution Fig. 1B : Indo - Pacific Fig. 1C : Pacific Ocean Fig. 1D : Mediterranean Depth range (in m) based on shells 13̅250 100̅250 105̅350 REcuRVEd TOwARdS APEx, uNdERLyINg TRIgONAL AcumINATE-ELONgATE SPINES fROm PREVIOuS wHORLS ANd gIVINg AN uNduLATINg APPEARANcE TO SHELLS ( FIg. 3M–Q, 3S ). SHOuLdER SuLcuS mAdE Of A SERIES Of dEEP cuRVEd SEPTA SEPARATEd by RAdIATINg LAmELLAE ORIgINATINg fROm ANAL SINuS ( FIg. 3R ). AxIAL ScuLPTuRE fINE, POSSIbLy cONSTITuTEd by SEVERAL SubSEquENT gROwTH LINES ( FIg. 3M–Q ). SPIRAL ScuLPTuRE IN THE cONVEx PART Of wHORL cONSISTINg Of 17–18 STRONg PRImARy cORdS, OfTEN fLExuOuS wHEN cROSSINg gROwTH LINES ( FIg. 3M–Q ). APERTuRE NARROw, SINuOuS ANd AxIALLy ELONgATEd, uNIfORmLy wHITISH-yELLOwISH ( FIg. 3M, 3P ). SLIgHT fALSE umbILIcuS PRESENT ( FIg. 3U ). COLumELLAR EdgE wITH SLIgHTLy ExPANdEd cALLuS ( FIg. 3U ). OuTER LIP THIN wITH STROmbOId NOTcH ( FIg. 3Q ). ANAL SINuS dEEP, THIN, U- SHAPEd, cLOSE TO SuTuRE ( FIg. 3M–N, 3P–Q ). SIPHONAL cANAL THIck, SHORT ANd bROAd ( FIg. 3M, 3P ). ANATOmy, RAduLA, ANImAL cOLOuR ANd OPERcuLum uNkNOwN.

Remarks: THE dIffERENcES IN SHELL mORPHOmETRy Of C. latiaxisa ANd THOSE Of SPEcIES REPORTEd AS cONgENERIc IN THE cuRRENT LITERATuRE ARE SHOwN IN TAbLE 1, wHERE THE ONLy mAjOR AmENdmENT ON THIS TAxON wITH RESPEcT TO THE ORIgINAL dEScRIPTION REgARdS PROTOcONcH wHORLS. CHINO (2011), IN fAcT, ORIgINALLy SuggESTEd THAT C. latiaxisa HAS 1.5 PROTOcONcH wHORLS, wHILE ALL SHELLS THAT wE ExAmINEd, INcLudINg THOSE cONSTITuTINg THE TyPE mATERIAL, HAVE AbOuT 2.25 PROTOcONcH wHORLS. THIS ASSumPTION mAy bE PRESumAbLy bASEd ON A TyPO IN THE ORIgINAL dEScRIPTION (fOR 2.5 wHORLS). IN AddITION, wE HIgHLIgHT THAT THE ELONgATEd SHAPE Of C. latiaxisa SHELLS mAkES THIS SPEcIES SLIgHTLy SImILAR TO TAxA AScRIbEd TO OTHER DRILLIIDAE gENERA. HOwEVER, SPEcIES wITHIN THIS fAmILy ALwAyS PROducE SHELLS wITH A REducEd SPIRAL ScuLPTuRE THAT LAck THE TyPIcAL Conopleura HONEy-cOmb PITTINg. THEREfORE, THIS SuggESTS THAT C. latiaxisa bELONgS TO THE gENuS TO wHIcH IT HAS bEEN ORIgINALLy ASSIgNEd (CHINO 2011; TAbLE 1).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Biogeographic realms and worldwide distribution of the genus Conopleura Hinds, 1844. Numbers as reported in “Material examined” and “Known distribution and bathymetric range”.Stars corresponding to type localities, squares to published data and/or unpublished material coming from sites of occurrence already known, dots to new localities reported in the present paper. A. Biogeographic realms modified from Spalding et al. (2007), and squares highlighting the areas magnified in B–D. B. Known distribution of Conopleura striata Hinds, 1844 (sites of presence in blue), square highlighting the area magnified in C. C. Known distribution of Conopleura latiaxisa Chino, 2011 (sites of presence in red). D. Known distribution of Conopleura aliena Smriglio, Mariottini & Calascibetta, 1999 (sites of presence in purple). Scale bars: A–B—1000 km; C–D—500 km.

FIGURE 2. LANDMARKS (LMS) USED IN THE STUDY OF TAXA CONFIRMED IN Conopleura HINDS, 1844 (SEE “RESULTS” FOR FURTHER EXPLANATIONS), AND THIN-PLATE SPLINE REPRESENTATION OF THE MEAN RW1 VALUE. NUMbERS (1–12) AS REPORTED IN “GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRY”.LANDMARKS CONNECTED bY LINES TO FACILITATE INTERPRETATION OF THE DIFFERENCES bETWEEN THE TWO TAXA (SEE TEXT).A, C. Conopleura striata HINDS,1844. B, D. Conopleura latiaxisa CHINO, 2011. SCALE bARS:1 CM.

FIGURE 3. SPECIES CONFIRMED IN Conopleura HINDS, 1844. SPECIMENS/SHELLS NOT TO SCALE. A–L. Conopleura striata HINDS, 1844. A–C. SYNTYPE 1. APERTURAL, LATERAL, AND AbAPERTURAL VIEW—NEW GUINEA—8.1×4.5 (NHMUK 1879.2.26.39). D. LIVE SPECIMEN—ALIgUAY ISLAND (PHILIPPINES)—15.7 TOTAL HEIgHT.E. OPERCULUM—OFF PANgLAO (BOHOL ISLAND,PHILIPPINES)—3.3×1.6 (USNM 903590). F–J. ALIgUAY ISLAND (PHILIPPINES)—16.7×8.7 (AN). F–G. APERTURAL AND LATERAL VIEW. H. APICAL VIEW. I. MAgNIFICATION OF THE PRIMARY CORDS OF THE SPIRAL SCULPTURE. J. MAgNIFICATION OF THE COLUMELLAR EDgE. K–L. PROTOCONCH: SEM LATERAL AND APICAL VIEWS—OFF SURIgAO(MINDANAO ISLAND,PHILIPPINES)—9.8×5.1 (AN).M–Z. Conopleura latiaxisa CHINO,2011. M–O. HOLOTYPE.APERTURAL,LATERAL,AND AbAPERTURAL VIEW—OFF PUNTA ENgAñO (MACTAN ISLAND, PHILIPPINES)—10.6×4.8 (NSMT- MO.77385). P–U. OFF MALINgIN ISLAND (PHILIPPINES)—10.1×4.4 (AN). P–Q.APERTURAL AND LATERAL VIEW. R. APICAL VIEW.S. THE TRIgONAL ACUMINATE-ELONgATE SPINES gIVINg AN UNDULATINg APPEARANCE TO SHELLS. T. MAgNIFICATION OF THE PRIMARY CORDS OF THE SPIRAL SCULPTURE. U. MAgNIFICATION OF THE COLUMELLAR EDgE. V–Z. PROTOCONCH: SEM LATERAL AND APICAL VIEWS—OFF MALINgIN ISLAND (PHILIPPINES)—10.1×4.4 (AN). SCALE bARS:K, V,L, Z—500 µM.

FIGURE 4. COMPARISON bETWEEN “Conopleura” aliena SMRIgLIO, MARIOTTINI & CALASCIbETTA, 1999 AND Tritia lima (DILLWYN, 1817).SPECIMENS/SHELLS NOT TO SCALE.A–H, W. C. alienaHOLOTYPE—CENTRAL TYRRHENIANSEA (ITALY)—6.8×4 (MZB 12694).A–C. APERTURAL, LATERAL, AND AbAPERTURAL VIEW. D. APICAL VIEW. E. BASAL VIEW HIgHLIgHTINg A POSSIbLE AXIAL SCULPTURE OF FAINT RIbS (WHITE ARROWHEADS). F–H. BREAK ON SHELL SHOULDER LEADINg TO THE DISCONTINUOUS LAMELLAR SCULPTURE (bLACK ARROWHEADS). F. APICAL VIEW.G–H. PROTOCONCH:SEM APICAL AND LATERAL VIEWS.I–V. T. lima. I–J. TYPE OF Buccinum lima DILLWYN,1817—“EAST INDIES”—32.2×18.4 (ZMUC-GAS-819). APERTURAL AND AbAPERTURAL VIEW. K. APERTURAL VIEW—CHIOggIA (ITALY), 25 M— 33.7×18.8 (AP). L. APERTURAL VIEW—SARDINIAN CHANNEL (ITALY), 650 M—11.2×6.9 (AN). M. APERTURAL VIEW—CANNIZZARO (ITALY), 45 M—10.7×5.7 (AN). N. APERTURAL VIEW—SIRACUSA (ITALY), 75 M—18.6×11 (AN). O. APERTURAL VIEW—CENTRAL TYRRHENIAN SEA (ITALY), 300 M—6.6×3.9 (AN). P–T. VARIAbILITY OF AXIAL SCULPTURE—CENTRAL TYRRHENIAN SEA (ITALY)—10.6×6.4; 12.7×7.7; 9.9×5.8; 10.7×6.1; 11.2×6.9 (AN). U–V. SHELL OF A jUVENILE SPECIMEN—CENTRAL TYRRHENIAN SEA (ITALY)—4.2×2.8 (AN). U. LIgHT AND SEM PHOTOS.V. SEM APICAL VIEW OF THE SHELL FIgURED IN U. W. SEM APICAL VIEW OF THE SHELL FIgURED IN A– H. SCALE bARS:V–W—500 µM.