Zatypota dendrobia Matsumoto

Matsumoto, Rikio & Takasuka, Keizo, 2010, A revision of the genus Zatypota Förster of Japan, with descriptions of nine new species and notes on their hosts (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae), Zootaxa 2522, pp. 1-43 : 18-21

Zatypota dendrobia Matsumoto , sp. nov.

Female. Head ( Figs 5 , 18 ). Flagellum with 21 segments; frons impunctate and polished; face and clypeus almost impunctate, polished moderately covered with pubescence, the former weakly separated from the latter by a shallow supraclypeal suture; face between antennal socket and supraclypeal suture about 1.1 x its minimum width between eyes, with a pair of very shallow vertical furrows arising from supraclypeal suture; clypeus 1.7 x as wide as its length, with apical margin rounded and weakly truncate medially; eye bare, its inner margin almost straight to slightly convergent downward; ocelli of moderate size, eye remote from lateral ocellus by 1.5 x the maximum diameter of the latter; mandible weakly bend upward, with upper tooth much longer and wider than the lower, moderately tapered, about 0.6 x as wide as the basal width at the middle, outer face of mandible with some rather long pubescence; palpi formula 4: 3; malar space about 0.5 x basal width of mandible, weakly granulate between lower end of eye and upper end of mandible base; hypostomal carina narrowly lamellate between the lower articulation of mandible and junction of occipital and hypostomal carinae; vertex with inter-ocellar area weakly raised; outline of gena behind eye slightly rounded in dorsal view; occipital carina complete throughout, in dorsal view moderately bowed forward.

Mesosoma . Pronotum ( Figs 30 , 42 ) with anterior margin weakly reflexed, mediodorsally produced into a backwardly directed tooth, a dorsomedian bridge connects it with hind margin, lateral face polished, with epomia straight and distinct, upper end of epomia almost reaching upper margin of pronotum and lower part extend downward to reach lower margin; mesoscutum in front of scuto-scutellar groove 1.1 x as long as wide in dorsal view, bare and polished all over, moderately convex in lateral view, with distinct almost straight notauli converging to a shallow hollow located at posterior one third of mesoscutum; mesopleuron ( Fig. 54 ) with a distinct epicnemial carina, its upper end surpassing the level of lower corner of pronotum and rather far from posterior margin of pronotum, almost impunctate, bare and polished laterally, densely covered with pubescence ventrally, with a short but distinct groove below speculum; mesopleural suture foveolate moderately above mesepisternal scrobe and weakly under below; scutellum convex; propodeum ( Figs 66 , 78 ) with rather dense pubescence anteriorly and laterally; areas basalis and superomedia, and areas posterialis and postero-externa fused respectively, carinae delimiting these combined areas distinct; lateral longitudinal carina indistinct anteriorly; pleural carina complete; propodeal spiracle touching pleural carina; metapleuron ( Fig. 78 ) impunctate, with dorsal half moderately covered with pubescence; submetapleural carina complete, strong with no expansion anteriorly.

Wings. Fore wing ( Fig. 90 ) with vein Rs+M basad of cu-a by 2 x the width of the vein, 2rs-m about 0.2 x the length of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu; vein cu-a moderately inclivous; vein Cu1a separated from 1m-cu by the length of Cu1b. Hind wing ( Fig. 102 ) with vein M+ Cu moderately bowed; distal abscissa of Cu absent; vein cu-a weakly inclivous to vein 1A.

Legs. Legs relatively slender; fore femur 3.8 x as long as maximum width; hind femur 4.0–4.7 x as long as maximum width: hind tibia 10.0 x as long as apical width; first tarsal segment of hind leg a little shorter than second and third segments combined; fifth segment longer than the third.

Metasoma ( Fig. 114 ). T1 rugoso-striate, with pair of posterolateral oblique impressions, with dorsomedian longitudinal carina extending to 0.7–0.8 of its length and moderately convergent anteriorly and parallel posteriorly in dorsal view; dorsolateral longitudinal carina reaching to posterior margin of T1, with spiracle situated on it; T2 with distinct and very sharply impressed anterolateral and posterolateral oblique groove, the former is deeper; these grooves defining a central evenly convex smooth rhombic area, furnished with very short, dense and distinct longitudinal carinae on it; are behind postero-lateral oblique groove smooth; T3–5 similar to T2, with anterior oblique groove more transverse, making the central areas triangular; T6 with faint posterolateral oblique groove; T1 1.2 x as long as apical width; T2 0.8–0.9 x as long as T1 and 0.6–0.75 x as long as apical width. Ovipositor rather long, projecting beyond apex of metasoma by 0.6 x length of hind tibia, straight; upper valve of ovipositor weakly thickened at the middle, tapered to sharp point; lower valve moderately thickened basally and medially, then tapered to sharp point.

Coloration. Head mostly black with following parts yellowish white: pedicel and scape below, inner orbit, lower half of clypeus, mandible except tip and palpi; pale stripe of inner orbit extend backward to the top of eye, broadened below antennal socket and tapered ventrally; flagellum brown, somewhat paler basally. Mesosoma black, with postero-dorsal corner of pronotum, tegula and subalar prominence yellowish white; median lobe of mesoscutum with pair of yellowish white markings laterally; anterolateral area of lateral lobe of mesoscutum with yellowish white markings; scutellum whitish yellow; Legs fulvous; coxa, trochanter and trochantellus of fore and mid leg yellowish white; hind leg with trochanter, trochantellus, tip of femur yellowish white; hind tibia blackish brown, with a median yellowish white band between basal two seventh and apical one third; tarsomeres of hind leg darkened apically. Wings hyaline, pterostigma brown. Metasomal tergites dark brown to black, with pair of yellowish white markings at lateral corner of central rhomboidal area. Ovipositor brown, sheath black.

Length. Fore wing 3.3–4.0 mm.

Male. Similar to female but smaller; flagellum with 20–21 segments; legs stouter, hind femur 3.6 x as long as the width.

Length. Fore wing 2.8–3.2 mm.

Cocoon ( Fig. 131 ). White to milky, sub-cylindrical, rather densely spun, with irregular whorls of looser silk on its surface, with a distinct caudal hole, characteristic in having some small projection of silk mass on it, suspended from the threads of host web. The cap of cocoon is cut off circularly or somewhat irregularly by adult female on its emergence.

Variation. Specimens emerged in the summer tend to be paler in body colour, gena with a yellowish mark near its pale brown lower margin; most part of pronotum, mesoscutum, mesopleuron and postscutellum reddish brown; dorsal and ventral margin of pronotum yellowish; yellowish white marking on mesoscutum developed; mesopleuron dark brown ventrally. Metasomal tergite tinged with red; T2 with pair of yellowish marking; paired markings of T3–5 developed, almost touching each other at the middle

Host. Yunohamella subadulta (Böesenberg & Strand) (Theridiidae) .

Biological notes. At the type locality the host spider, Yunohamella subadulta was observed to form a small irregular web on the trunk of Quercus acutissima and sitting in the longitudinal trench of the trunk, which is running on bark. Some females searching for the host were also found on the trunk. The egg and larva ( Fig. 130 ) is located on dorso-lateral surface of host abdomen between the middle and posterior end. Winter is passed in a stage of early instar larva. Overwintered larva matures early in March and spins a cocoon in the trench of trunk. This species seems multivoltine. Host spiders bearing an egg or a larva constantly found until June and from September to October. The percentage parasitism sometimes high and comes to the peak in late May. For example, it was 58.6 % (3 eggs, 9 larvae and 5 cocoons out of 29 host spider) on May 23rd in 2007 at the type locality. A number of cocoons were found on the trunk of Quercus glauca Thunberg at Higashitoyoura-cho in Nara Pref. in May 2009, some of them were attacked by an unidentified phygadeuontine ichneumonid ( Cryptinae ). The percentage parasitism was 32.4% (11 out of 34 cocoons). In September 2009, 25.4% of the cocoons (15 out of 59) were parasitized by another unidentified phygadeuontine.

Comments. This species resembles Costa Rican Z. petronae Gauld and Palaearctic Z. albicoxa in having lower face blackish medially and frontal orbital whitish mark not extending backwards behind ocelli. It can be separated from the former by lack of distinct longitudinal blackish stripe on outer face of hind femur and from the latter by straight ovipositor (weakly up-curved in Z. albocoxa ). The unique appearance of cocoon with some small projections of silk mass on its surface may distinguish this species from others with normal spindle shaped cocoon, although cocoon of most species including Z. petronae are unknown.

Etymology. The specific name allude to the habitat of host and the wasp.

Distribution records. Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Tsushima, Kyushu.

Specimens examined. Type series (All reared specimens were from T. subadultus ). Holotype Ψ, 31.III.2007 (cocoon, emer. 8.IV.), Yata-cho (34°39’45”N, 135°44’21”E, (WGS 84), 200m a.s.l.), Yamato- Kouriyama, Nara Pref., Japan, (R. Matsumoto), [OMNH, TI-391]. Paratypes: [Hokkaido] 1Ψ, 24.VIII.- 23.IX.2004 (Malaise trap), Bekanbeushi marsh, Akkeshi, Kushiro Subpref., (R.M.); 3ΨΨ, 10-17.IX.2003 (Malaise trap), Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, Ishikari Subpref., (K.Konishi) (2ΨΨ NIAES). [Honshu] 1Ψ, 8– 28.VI.2006 (Malaise trap), Gozaishi Spa, Nirasaki, Yamanashi Pref., (K. Hosoda); 1Ψ, 25.VIII–5.IX.2008 (Malaise Trap), Tamozawa, Nikko, Tochigi Pref., (T. Nakamura); 1ɗ, 15.V.2009 (cocoon, emer. 21.V.), Heijo Palace site, Nara, Nara Pref., (R.M.); 2ΨΨ, 20.VII.2007, (cocoon, emer. 26–27.VII.), Ikomataisha shrine, Ikoma, Nara Pref., (R.M.); 1ɗ1Ψ, 18.IV.2009 (cocoon, emer. IV.), Tawaraguchi-cho, Ikoma, Nara Pref., (R.M.); 3ɗɗ2ΨΨ, 29.IV.2009 (cocoon, emer. 1– 6.V.), same locality, (R.M.); 1ɗ3ΨΨ, 31.III.2007, (cocoon, emer. 7– 10.IV.), same locality as holotype, (R.M.); 1ɗ1Ψ, 31.III.2007, (cocoon, emer. 7– 10.IV.), same locality, (R.M.) (BMNH); 1ɗ, 26.II.2007 (larva on host, cocooned 2.III., emer. 12.III.), same locality, (R.M.); 1ɗ3ΨΨ, 2.VI.2007, (cocoon, emer. 3– 7.VI.), same locality, (R.M.); 3ɗɗ1Ψ, 20.IX.2007, (cocoon, emer. 24– 26.IX.), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 7.IV.2008, (cocoon, emer. 12.IV.), same locality, (R.M.); 1ɗ1Ψ, 9.IV.2008, (cocoon, emer. 17–18.IV.), same locality, (R.M.); 1ɗ4ΨΨ, 30.IV.2008, (cocoon, emer. 4– 6.V.), same locality, (R.M.); 1ɗ, 27.VIII.2007 (cocoon, emer. 1.IX.), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 2.V.2009 (cocoon, emer. 5.V.), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 16.VI.2007 (cocoon, emer. 16.VI.), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 16.VII.2009 (cocoon), Amakashi-no-oka, Kashihara, Nara Pref., (R.M.); 2ΨΨ, 15.VI.2008 (cocoon, emer. VI.), Muroike, Shijonawate, Osaka Pref., (R.M.); 3ɗɗ5ΨΨ, 28.IX.2007, (cocoon, emer. 29.IX.–5.X.), Higashitoyoura-cho, Higashiosaka, Osaka Pref., (R.M.); 2ɗɗ5ΨΨ, 8.V.2008, (cocoon, emer. 9– 11.IV.), same locality, (R.M.); 13ɗɗ10ΨΨ, 1.V.2009 (cocoon, emer. 1– 10.V.), same locality, (R.M.); 12ɗɗ29ΨΨ, 24.IX.2009 (cocoon, emer. 24.IX–8.X.), same locality, (R.M.); 1ɗ, 22.VII.2009 (cocoon), Hatsutani, Toyono, Osaka Pref., (R.M.); 1Ψ, 18.VI.2006 (cocoon, emer. 24.VI.), Mikusayama, Nose, Osaka Pref., (R.M.); 1Ψ, 30.V.–8.VI.2002 (Malaise trap), Izumikatsuragisan, Kaizuka, Osaka Pref., (R.M.); 1Ψ, 30.VI.–13.VII.2002 (Malaise trap), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 23.V.2004, Akasai-keikoku, Haga, Hyogo Pref., (R.M.). [Shikoku] 1Ψ, 28.IV.2008 (cocoon, emer. 2.V.), Kitamura, Kumakougen, Ehime Pref., (R.M.). [Tsushima] 1ɗ, 5.VI.2004 (cocoon, emer. 2.V.), Shiratake, Mitsushima, Nagasaki Pref., (R.M.). [Kyushu] 1Ψ, 9.X.2004 (cocoon, emer. X.), Kirishima, Kirishima, Kagoshima Pref., (R.M.).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 13. Scanning electon micrography of head of Zatypota spp. (female) in anterior view (1 – 12) and lateral aspect (13). 1, Z. albicoxa; 2, Z. baragi (paratype); 3, Z. brachycera (paratype); 4, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 5, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 6, Z. elegans (paratype); 7, Z. grachilipes; 8, Z. maculata (paratype); 9, Z. percontatoria; 10, Z. sulcata (paratype); 11, Z. takayu (paratype); 12, Z. yambar (paratype); 13, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 14 – 25. Scanning electron micrography of head of Zatypota spp. (female) in posterior view. 14, Z. albicoxa; 15, Z. baragi (paratype); 16, Z. brachycera (paratype); 17, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 18, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 19, Z. elegans (paratype); 20, Z. grachilipes; 21, Z. maculata (paratype); 22, Z. percontatoria; 23, Z. sulcata (paratype); 24, Z. takayu (paratype); 25, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 26 – 37. Scanning electron micrography of pronotum and anterior part of mesoscutum of Zatypota spp (female) in dorsal aspect. 26, Z. albicoxa; 27, Z. baragi (paratype); 28, Z. brachycera (paratype); 29, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 30, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 31, Z. elegans (paratype); 32, Z. grachilipes; 33, Z. maculata (paratype); 34, Z. percontatoria; 35, Z. sulcata (paratype); 36, Z. takayu (paratype); 37, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 38 – 49. Scanning electron micrography of pronotum of Zatypota spp (female) in lateral view. 38, Z. albicoxa; 39, Z. baragi (paratype); 40, Z. brachycera (paratype); 41, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 42, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 43, Z. elegans (paratype); 44, Z. grachilipes; 45, Z. maculata (paratype); 46, Z. percontatoria; 47, Z. sulcata (paratype); 48, Z. takayu (paratype); 49, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 50 – 61. Scanning electron micrography of mesopleuron of Zatypota spp (female) in lateral view. 50, Z. albicoxa; 51, Z. baragi (paratype); 52, Z. brachycera (paratype); 53, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 54, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 55, Z. elegans (paratype); 56, Z. grachilipes; 57, Z. maculata (paratype); 58, Z. percontatoria; 59, Z. sulcata (paratype); 60, Z. takayu (paratype); 61, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 62 – 73. Scanning electron micrography of propodeum of Zatypota spp (female) in dorsal view. 62, Z. albicoxa; 63, Z. baragi (paratype); 64, Z. brachycera (paratype); 65, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 66, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 67, Z. elegans (paratype); 68, Z. grachilipes; 69, Z. maculata (paratype); 70, Z. percontatoria; 71, Z. sulcata (paratype); 72, Z. takayu (paratype); 73, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 74 – 85. Scanning electron micrography of propodeum and metapleuron of Zatypota spp (female) in lateral view. 74, Z. albicoxa; 75, Z. baragi (paratype); 76, Z. brachycera (paratype); 77, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 78, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 79, Z. elegans (paratype); 80, Z. grachilipes; 81, Z. maculata (paratype); 82, Z. percontatoria; 83, Z. sulcata (paratype); 84, Z. takayu (paratype); 85, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 86 – 97. Fore wings of of Zatypota spp (female). 86, Z. albicoxa; 87, Z. baragi (paratype); 88, Z. brachycera (paratype); 89, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 90, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 91, Z. elegans (paratype); 92, Z. grachilipes; 93, Z. maculata (paratype); 94, Z. percontatoria; 95, Z. sulcata (paratype); 96, Z. takayu (paratype); 97, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 98 – 109. Hind wings of of Zatypota spp (female). 98, Z. albicoxa; 99, Z. baragi (paratype); 100, Z. brachycera (paratype); 101, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 102, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 103, Z. elegans (paratype); 104, Z. grachilipes; 105, Z. maculata (paratype); 106, Z. percontatoria; 107, Z. sulcata (paratype); 108, Z. takayu (paratype); 109, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 110 – 121. Scanning electron micrography of first and second metasomal tergite of Zatypota spp (female). 110, Z. albicoxa; 111, Z. baragi (paratype); 112, Z. brachycera (paratype); 113, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 114, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 115, Z. elegans (paratype); 116, Z. grachilipes; 117, Z. maculata (paratype); 118, Z. percontatoria; 119, Z. sulcata (paratype); 120, Z. takayu (paratype); 121, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 122 – 141. Host spider, larva and cocoon of Zatypota spp. 122 – 123, Z. albicoxa; 124 – 125, Z. baragi; 126 – 127, Z. brachycera; 128 – 129, Z. chryssophaga; 130 – 131, Z. dendrobia; 132 – 133, Z. elegans; 134 – 135, Z. maculata; 136 – 137, Z. percontatoria; 138 – 139, Z. sulcata; 140 – 141, Z. takayu.