Paranoplocephala

Haukisalmi, Voitto, Hardman, Lotta M., Hoberg, Eric P. & Henttonen, Heikki, 2014, Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic revision of Paranoplocephala Lühe, 1910 sensu lato (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea, Anoplocephalidae), Zootaxa 3873 (4), pp. 371-415 : 400-401

Key to the genera representing Paranoplocephala s. l.

1. Testes predominantly anterior to ovary; mature proglottids not transversely elongated...... Afrojoyeuxia Haukisalmi, 2013

- Testes predominantly antiporal to ovary; mature proglottids transversely elongated................................. 2

2. Vagina significantly (at least 1.5. times) longer than cirrus sac...................................... Gulyaevia n. g.

- Vagina maximally as long as cirrus sac..................................................................... 3

3. Scolex large, with prominent, protruding, bowl-shaped suckers directed anteriorly.......... Paranoplocephala Lühe, 1910

- Scolex small or medium-sized, with suckers partly or completely embedded within scolex, directed antero-laterally or laterally................................................................................................... 4

4. Neck wide relative to the scolex width (>60%).............................................................. 5

- Neck narrow relative to the scolex width (<60%)............................................................ 9

5. Strobila short; genital pores anterior to middle of mature proglottid margin; testes antiporal and poral to ovary........................................................................................ Hunkeleriella Haukisalmi, 2013

- Strobila long; genital pores posterior to middle of mature proglottid margin; testes antiporal to ovary.................. 6

6. Vagina short, ca. half of cirrus sac length or less, does not extend to ventral longitudinal osmoregulatory canal................................................................................................... Microticola n. g.

- Vagina longer than half of cirrus sac length, overlaps or extend across ventral longitudinal osmoregulatory canal......... 7

7. Testes in antiporal and poral parts of proglottid............................................... Chionocestus n. g.

- Testes in antiporal part of proglottid only.................................................................. 8

8. Multiple testes extending laterally beyond antiporal ventral osmoregulatory canal................... Beringitaenia n. g.

- Testes not extending laterally beyond antiporal ventral osmoregulatory canal....... Parandrya Gulyaev & Chechulin, 1996

9. Vagina short, ca. half of cirrus sac length or less............................................................ 10

- Vagina longer than half of cirrus sac length............................................................... 12

10. Seminal receptacle pyriform, genital pores unilateral............................................... Tenoraia n. g.

- Seminal receptacle elongate, genital pores irregularly alternating.............................................. 11

11. Testes extending laterally beyond ventral osmoregulatory canals on both sides......................... Cookiella n. g.

- Testes overlapping, but not extending laterally beyond ventral osmoregulatory canals on either side..... Rodentocestus n. g.

12. Testes antiporal (but not anterior) to ovary..................................................... Arctocestus n. g.

- Testes antiporal and anterior to ovary.................................................................... 13

13. Only few, scattered testes anterior to ovary; cirrus sac elongate and anteriorly curved................... Lemminia n. g.

- Several testes anterior to ovary in compact group; cirrus sac wide and straight................................... 14

14. Poral testes do not overlap ventral longitudinal canal.............................................. Douthittia n. g.

- Poral testes regularly overlap or extend laterally beyond ventral longitudinal canal................................ 15

15. Few or no testes extend laterally beyond antiporal longitudinal ventral canal; scolex ca. 0.5 mm wide...... Eurotaenia n. g.

- Several (on average 13) testes extend laterally beyond antiporal longitudinal ventral canal; scolex ca. 0.3 mm wide................................................................................................ Rauschoides n. g.