Bromus carinatu

Saarela, Jeffery M., Peterson, Paul M. & Valdés-Reyna, Jesus, 2014, A taxonomic revision of Bromus (Poaceae: Pooideae: Bromeae) in México and Central America, Phytotaxa 185 (1), pp. 1-147 : 42-47

5a. Bromus carinatu s var. carinatus . Figs. 15A–D , 16 .

Awns 7.1–10 mm long.

Distribution:― This variety is not as widespread as var. marginatus . It is known from Costa Rica (Cartago, Heredia, San José), Honduras (Ocotepeque) and Mexico (Baja California, Coahuila, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Estado de México, Michoácan, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala and Veracruz) ( Fig. 17 ).

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Comments:— Elsewhere in North America awns in this variety range to 15–17 mm long ( Pavlick & Anderton 2007, Saarela & Peterson 2012). In México and Central America we have not seen specimens with awns greater than 10 mm long.

Specimens Examined:— COSTA RICA. Cartago: 6 km SW of Pacayas , [9.8°N, 84.08°W], 1700 m, 10 August 1968, R. W . Pohl & G . Davidse 10893 (CR-46403, F-1732776); km post 19 along road to the crater of Volcán Irazú , [9.97°N, 83.85°W], 2600 m, 1 August 1968, R. W . Pohl & G . Davidse 10807 (F-1733610); Volcán Irazú , 9.9769°N, 83.8542°W, 16 August 1964, W. E . Booth 166 ( US-3480655 ) . Heredia: Volcán Irazu, [9.97°N, 83.85°W], 1912, A. M . Brenes s.n. ( NY) . San José: at km post 51 along the carretera Interamericana , Nof Empalme, 1980 m, 22 August 1968, R. W . Pohl & G . Davidse 11005 (CR-47205, F-1731856, US-3578264 ) ; HONDURAS. Ocotepeque: Mt. Cocal of Cordillera Merendon 20 km NW of Ocotopeque, [14.49°N, 89.04°W], 1800 m, 25 August 1968, A . Molina R. 22140 (F-1675844, NY). MÉXICO. Baja California: Ensenada, 31.8606°N, 116.6178°W, 7 April 1882, Jones s.n. ( RSA-POM-112248 ); Ensenada , 32.5°N, 116.6°W, 7 April 1886, C. R . Orcutt s.n. ( US-1009472 ); Sierra de Juárez, Parque Nacional Constitución de 1857, Laguna Hanson , 26 May 1987, [32.05°N, 115.9167°W], 1610–1700 m, R. F . Thorne, A . Strid, K . Tan, F . Ehrendorfer & A . Liston 62392 ( NY, RSA-POM-394998 , F-2047437); just below head of Prado del Corona, 1 mi above end of road from oak pasture and Melling Ranch , [30.75°N, 115.5167°W], 7400 ft, 6 September 1962, J . D. Olmsted 4737 ( RSA-POM-170872 ); Laguna Hanson, Constitución National Park, Sierra de Juárez , [31.97°N, 115.83°W], 1610–1625 m, 28 May 1983, R. F . Thorne, W . Wisura, W . Steinmetz et al. 55756 ( RSA-POM-310370 ); Northern Lower California, April 1886, C. R . Orcutt s.n. ( GH, MSC-4710 , NY); Lower California, 1886, C. R . Orcutt s.n. ( NY); Sierra San Pedro Mártir , La Grulla, 30.8917°N, 115.4833°W, 2050 m, 8 June 1982, R . Moran 30920 ( SD-111378 ); Sierra de Juárez, Constitución National Park, Laguna Hanson , Nend of lake, [32.05°N, 115°W], 1610–1625 m, 28 May 1983, R.F. Thorne, W . Visura, W . Steinmetz et al. 44803 ( SD-123836 ); below Rancho Jatay, 32.025°N, 116.8542°W, 80 m, 11 June 1980, R . Moran 28792 ( SD-105409 ); Wshore of Laguna Hanson, 32.0542°N, 115.075°W, 1610 m, 21 June 1980, R. Moran 28864 ( SD-105489 ); Sierra San Pedro Mártir, La Joya, on Valladares Creek , above creek, 30.925°N, 115.6°W, 1500 m, 31 May 1976, R . Moran 2332 ( SD-96979 ); Sierra Juárez, 1 km SE of Rancho San Pedro 32.1667°N, 115.4833°W, 1675 m, 22 June 1980, R . Moran 28908 ( SD-105488 ); Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Parque Nacional San Pedro Mártir , at entrance to park in recently burned area, [31.13°N, 115.19°W], 2040 m, 27 August 1988, P. M . Peterson, C. R . Annable, R. F . Thorne & R . Noyes 5027 ( CAN, US) . Coahuila: Sierra Zapalinamé, 25.3468°N, 100.908°W, 2800 m, 20 September 2003, P. M . Peterson, J . Valdés-Reyna & R. H . Cárdenas 17871 ( CAN, MO, US); Portrero Valley , [26.65 °N, 112.05°W], June 1899, C. R . Orcutt s.n. ( US- 1009475 ); Todos Santos Bay , 31.7667°N, 116.6167°W, 1882, F. E . Fish 12 ( US-90886 ) . Chiapas: Mpio. Tenejapa, in the paraje of Pahal Ton , 16.85°N, 92.45°W, 2286 m, 1 October 1965, D. E . Breedlove 12608 ( DS, US-2999875 ); Mpio. Venustiano Carranza, in the sitios of Aguacatenango , 16.45°N, 92.4667°W, 1768 m, 22 July 1965, D. E . Breedlove 11226 ( DS, MICH-1119255 , US-2999853 ); Mt. Tacana , 15.1333°N, 92.1°W, 1000–2000 m, August 1938, E . Matuda 2444 (F-1004956, GH, MICH-1119182 , US-1724501 , NY); Mpio. Tenejapa, Paraje Shohleh , 16.86°N, 92.49°W, 2499 m, 4 April 1966, A. S . Ton 724 ( MICH-1119253 , US-3005102 ); 2 mi SE of Pueblo Nuevo Solist , 17.07°N, 92.86°W, 1585 m, 26 July 1965, E . Lathrop 5971 ( RSA-POM-196173 , US-2463686 ) .

Chihuahua: Majalca (Pilares), 28.85°N, 106.3333°W, 2080 m, 12 August 1939, L.H. Harvey 1485 (CAN, GH, mixed sheet with B. frondosus , MICH-1119267, MO, US-1762718); Cerro Mohinora, 10 mi Sof Guadalupe y Calvo, 26.1°N, 107.06°W, 2300–2500 m, 13 August 1960, R.M. Straw & M. Forman 2034 (RSA-POM-178217, mixed sheet with B. carinatus var. marginatus ). Distrito Federal: 10 mi SW of México City, [19.29°N, 98.95°W], 9000 ft, 10 August 1947, F.A. Barkley, B.L. Westlund & J.B. Paxson 572 (F-1405758); Mixcoac, Barranca del Manicomio, 19.3833°N, 99.1833°W, 2280 m, 11 August 1913, G. Arséne 8801 (F-484987, US-1003469); 10 mi E of Amecameca on road towards Paso de Cortés, in Parque Nacional Izta-Popo, 19.0764°N, 98.71°W, 2840 m, 12 October 2001, P.M. Peterson & Y. Herrera-Arrieta 16163 (CAN, MO, US); San Lorenzo, delgacíon de Milpa Alta, 2600 m, 21 March 1976, A. Ventura A. 1191 (ANSM); Lomas de Mixcoac, 19.3833°N, 99.1833°W, 17 October 1937, E. Lyonnet & J. Elcoro 1731 (MO, US-1746365); Piedregal, Ajusco-Tlalpan, 19.2833°N, 99.1667°W, 2600 m, 16 July 1950, E. Matuda 19091 (US-2040915);. Vallede México, Topilojo, 19.2008°N, 99.1428°W, 2500 m, 3 August 1952, E. Matuda 26199 (US-2119848). Durango: Paraje de Potrillos, entre el Alto de Caballos y el Alto de Potrillos, [25.4°N, 106.1°W], 2500 m, 6 September 1989, A. Benítez P. 814 (ANSM); along road between El Salto and Durango, [24.08°N, 105.15°W], November 1968, Stephenson 68-556 (MSC-391573); Predio particular Las Cebollitas, 1 August 1990, A. Benítez 1715 (ANSM); 14.3 mi Eof La Ventana and 2.7 mi Wof Los Charcos,

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23.0054°N, 104.3234°W, 2875 m, 13 September 2003, P.M. Peterson & F. Sánchez-Alvarado 17766 (CAN, US). Guanajuato: Mpio. Acambaro, Obrajuelos, Altura, [20°N, 100.71°W], 1850 m, 27 October 1992, J.J. Macias Cuellar 36 (MEXU). Jalisco: 1–2 mi Eof Tapalpa, 19.94°N, 103.76°W, 2100–2200 m, 30 October 1960, R. McVaugh 20490 (MICH-1119170); Mpio. Valle de Juáre, Cerro del Tigre, 97 km al NE de Cd. Guzmán, [24.76°N, 105°W], 2700 m, 9 September 1988, M. Fuentes O. 698 (MICH-1119187); Mpio. Vallede Juáre, 19.5667°N, 103.6°W, 19 September 1980, A.A. Beetle & R. Guzmán M. M-5370 (SD-122031); 11.7 mi SW of Ciudad Guzmán, 19.5924°N, 103.5372°W, 2165 m, 5 October 2001, P.M. Peterson & O. Rosales 16081 (CAN, MO, US); 23.5 mi SW of Ciudad Guzmán, El Refugio, NE slopes of Nevado de Colima, 19.5871°N, 103.5972°W, 3345 m, 6 October 2001, P.M. Peterson & O. Rosales 16095 (CAN, MO, US); 6.3 mi SW of Mazamitla along Hwy. 110 towards Colima, 19.894°N, 103.084°W, 1900 m, 7 October 2001, P.M. Peterson & O. Rosales 16111 (CAN, MO, US); Parque Nacional Volcán Nevado de Colima, near 2.5 km mark from entrance up road to Observatorio Volcanologico, 19.6252°N, 103.5474°W, 2008 m, 22 September 2005, P.M. Peterson & F. Sánchez Alvarado 19088 (CAN, MO, US). Estado de México: Toluca, 19.3°N, 99.65°W, 9000 ft, 28 August 1941, W. & M. Leavenworth 1926 (F-1248973, GH, MICH-1119176, MEXU-155026, MEXU-5884, MO, NY, US-1815927); 2 mi Wof state line and ca. 20 mi SE of México City on Puebla highway, [19.33°N, 98.62°W], 9 September 1965, F.W. Gould 11621 (MICH-119195); 18 mi Wof Toluca, 19.1083°N, 99.7583°W], 15 August 1961, F.W. Gould 9601 (US-2432890); 300 m al Wde Tanango del Aire [19.16°N, 98.86°W], 2350 m, 14 August 1968, A. Pineda R. 342 (MICH-1119199); 1 mi Wof Avila Camacho, 9200 ft [2804 m], 31 July 1970, L.H. Harvey 8538 (MICH- 1119242); 27 km SW of Toluca on road to Temaxcaltepic, 19.11°N, 100°W, 2800 m, 9 July 1964, G. Mick & K. Roe 232 (MICH-1119247, US-2630326); 2 mi above junction of MEX 130 and road to Volcán Nevado de Toluca, [19.1083°N, 99.7583°W], 10400 ft, 22 October 1972, L.H. Harvey & J.T. Witherspoon 9473 (MICH-1119121); Temascaltepec Dist., Nanchititla, 18.8667°N, 100.4667°W, 10 November 1933 or 11 October 1933, G.B. Hinton 4984 (GH, US-1867861); 400 m al Wde Tanango del Aire, [19.16°N, 98.86°W], 2350 m, 14 July 1968, A. Pineda R. 368 (MSC-234697); 10.5 mi Nof Aculco on Hwy. 55 towards San Juan del Río, 20.2247°N, 99.9°W, 2208 m, 8 October 2007, P.M. Peterson, J.M. Saarela & M.J. Flores Villegas 21322 (CAN, MO, US); 1.7 mi Eof Hwy. 10 along road to Nevado de Toluca, 19.1347°N, 99.8°W, 3688 m, 9 October 2007, P.M. Peterson, J.M. Saarela & M.J. Flores Villegas 21349 (CAN, MO, US); Mpio. Donato Guerra, a 1.25 km al Nde Las Mesas de San Martín, [19.31°N, 100.14°W], 2672 m, 29 October 1998, J.A. García Ruíz 6 (MEXU); Campo Experimental de la Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, 2260 m, 1 November 1990, O. Arana s.n. (ANSM); Amecameca, 8600 ft, August 1904, O. Kuntze 23667 (NY); Popo Park, 19.0333°N, 98.6333°W, 4–8 August 1910, A.S. Hitchcock 5964 (US-1009500); 2.8 mi Eof Ocuilán Arteaga near cornfield, 18.9808°N, 99.38°W, 2478 m, 11 October 2007, P.M. Peterson, J.M. Saarela & M.J. Flores Villegas 21374 (CAN, MO, US). Michoácan: 14 mi Nof Aguililla on road to Dos Aguas, 1570 m, 8 August 1972, M.F. Denton 2036 (MICH-1119171); at km 56–57 above Quiterio on road from Pátzcuaro to Tacambaro, 19.4°N, 101.5°W, 2700 m, H.E. Moore, Jr., E. Hernández X. & H. Porras H. 5593 (GH, US-1983689); Estacíon Chincua, Reserva de la Biósfera Mariposa Monarca, 19.6792°N, 100.2853°W, 3030 m, 5 August 2000, Ma. G. Cornejo Enotrio, S.R. Luna & G.I. Manríquez 65 (ANSM, MEXU); 10 km al Sde Indaparapeo, sobre el camino a Las Peras, [19.72°N, 100.9181°W], 2250 m, 23 December 1986, J. Rzedowski 42310 (ANSM); Mpio. de Queréndaro, alrededores de San José Lagunillas, 2750 m, 24 August 1986, J. Rzedowski 40468 (ANSM); Mpio. Huaniqueo, NE del pedregal pequeño,. 5 km al Wde Tendeparacua, 2060 m, 22 August 1992, P. Silva-Sáenz 75 (ANSM); ca. 18 mi Sof Pátzcuaro, 19.31°N, 101.66°W, 2713–2743 m, 20–25 November 1961, R.M. King & T.R. Soderstrom 5178 (NY, mixed sheet with B. dolichocarpus ); ca. 2 km al Nde AJuno, Cerro La Taza, 2280 m, 2 September 2003, M.E. Molina 327 (ANSM); Lieux inondes a' l'ouest, vicinity of Morelia, 19.7167°N, 101.1833°W, 1800 m, 7 October 1909, G. Arséne 3166 (MO, US-1002651); near Zacapú, 19.8167°N, 101.7833°W, 28 September 1946, E. Hernández-Xolocotzi, J. Ruppert & J. Guevara X-2825 (US-1962215); ca. 15 mi Eof Mil Cumbres on road from Morelia to Toluca, 24 July 1950, J.R. Reeder, C.G. Reeder & L.N. Goodding 1477 (RSA-POM-253305, US-2473569). Nuevo León: road to La Tinaja from roadside in disturbed area, 23.8873°N, 99.7956°W, 2500 m, 21 September 2002, P.M. Peterson, J. Valdés-Reyna & M. Sosa Morales 16765a (ANSM, CAN, US); Sierra Infiernillo, Cañón San Francisco, ca. 15 km al NE de Pablillo, 24.55°N, 99.9°W, 1800–1900 m, 4 September 1993, J. Valdés-Reyna 2321, M.A. Carranza & R. Banda S. (ANSM); Sierra Las Cautivas, 8.7 mi SW of Dulces Nombres and 18.1 mi Eof Zaragoza, 23.9501°N, 99.6473°W, 2385 m, 26 September 2007, P.M. Peterson & J.M. Saarela 21099 (CAN, MO, US). Oaxaca: 1.2 mi Eof San José del Pacífico on road towards San Sebastián, 16.1698°N, 96.4898°W, 2641 m, 22 September 2008, P.M. Peterson & J.M.

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Saarela 22352 (CAN, US); 1.5 mi Wof San Juan Chicomezuchitl , 17.3026°N, 96.5016°W, 1535 m, 19 September 2008, P. M . Peterson & J. M . Saarela 22286 ( CAN, US) ; 2.7 mi SW of San Angustín Mixtepec on road toward Cieneguilla, 16.2509°N, 96.3507°W, 2560 m, 28 September 2006, P. M . Peterson & R . Garcia 20244 ( CAN, MO, P-03328784 , US). Puebla : 5 mi Eof Río Frio , 19.34°N, 98.59°W, 2800 m, 20 July 1953, J. R . Reeder & C. G . Reeder 1915 ( SD-101483 , US); Parada Oligui , entre Teziutlán y Tlapacoyan , 3 June 1968, [19.82°N, 97.36°W], 1850 m, D. García Saucedo 95 ( MICH-1119193 , MSC-234698 ); Mayorazgo, sur l'Atoyac, vicinity of Puebla, 19.033°N, 98.2°W, 2120 m, 18 July 1907, G . Arséne 1405 ( US-1002644 ) & 1407 ( MO, US-1002658 ); SW slopes of Volcán Citlaltépetl (Pico de Orizaba), below Tesmalaquilla, 18.95°N, 97.29°W, 2970 m, 26 September 1962, D. Ugent & R . Flores-C. 2334 ( RSA-POM-264936 , US-2543174 ). San Luis Potosí: ± 39 km carretera S. L. P . to Rioverde S. L. P ., 22 August 1961, A . Gómez 190 ( ANSM); Álvarez , [22.0333°N, 100.6167°W], 23–23 July 1904, E . Palmer 171 ( NY) ; 3 mi Nof Los Hornos , along road to Ocurahui, [25.6833°N, 108.4833°W], 6500 ft, 2 October 1970, D. E . Breedlove & R. F . Thorne 18417 ( RSA-POM-222535 ). Sinaloa: Ocurahui, Sierra Surotato, 6000–7000 ft, 1–10 September 1941, H. S . Gentry 6380 ( GH, MICH-1119177 , MO, NY) ; 3 mi Nof Los Ornos , along road to Ocurahui, [25.6833°N, 108.4833°W], 6500 ft, 2 October 1970, D. E . Breedlove & R. F . Thorne 18417 ( RSA-POM- 222535 ). Tamaulipas: Sierra Las Cautivas , 0.3 mi Wof Dulces Nombres at edge of community, 24.0031°N, 98.81°W, 1984 m, 26 September 2007, P. M . Peterson & J. M . Saarela 21074 ( CAN, MO, NY, US); Sierra Las Cautivas , 23.1 mi Wof Ejido Guayabas along road towards Dulces Nombres , 23.9756°N, 99.49°W, 1844 m, 25 September 2007, P. M . Peterson & J. M . Saarela 21061 ( CAN, US). Tlaxcala : Mpio. Cuapiaxtla, 2405 m, 24 July 1974, E . Hernández X. et al. R-79 ( ANSM); Contadero , 19.4333°N, 98.5167°W, 3 August 1901, J. N . Rose & R . Hay 5966 ( NY, US-395757 ). Veracruz : Mpio. Altotonga, Nahualaco, 19.76°N, 97.24°W, 1750 m, 24 November 1969, F . Ventura A . 108 ( MICH-1119202 , MSC-234831 ); Mpio. Calcahualco, 9.5 km by road Wof Escola along Coscomatepec-Escola-Jacal road, 19.1167°N, 97.08°W, 2600 m, 15 November 1981, M . Nee 23173 (F-1975254, MO, NY); Orizaba , [18.51°N, 97.06°W], August 1853, F . Müller 2114 ( NY); Jalapa , 19.5333°N, 96.9167°W, 1402 m, 2–4 September 1910, A. S . Hitchcock 6592 ( US-1009524 ) .

Figures

FIGURE 15. Bromus carinatus var. carinatus. A. Spikelet. B. Lemma. C. Inflorescence. D. Ligule. Bromus carinatus var. marginatus. E. Spikelet. F. Lemma. G. Inflorescence. Illustration by C.T. Roché, reproduced from Barkworth et al. (2007) with permission.

FIGURE 16. Bromus carinatus var. carinatus. Gould 11621 (MICH-1119195).

FIGURE 17. Geographical distribution of Bromus carinatus var. carinatus in México and Central America.