Conocephalus (Anisoptera) maculatus (Le Gouillou, 1841)

Nagar, Rajendra & Swaminathan, R., 2016, Notes on the genus Conocephalus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Conocephalinae; Conocephalini) from India and description of two new species, Zootaxa 4126 (1), pp. 1-43 : 13-20

Conocephalus (Anisoptera) maculatus (Le Gouillou, 1841)

( Figs. 3 , 11 , 19, 27, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70 & 78; Plate VI, VII & VIII) http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:17438

Xiphidium maculatum Le Guillou, 1841: 294 ; Locusta (Xiphidium) lepida De Haan, 1842: 189 ; Locusta (Xiphidium) continuum Walker, 1869: 271 ; Locusta (Xiphidium) maculatum Walker, 1869: 275 ; Xiphidium sinense Walker, 1871: 35 ; Anisoptera maculatum Kirby, 1906: 278 ; Xiphidion maculatum Karny, 1907: 93 ; Xiphidium maculatum Matsumura et Shiraki, 1908: 51 ; Xiphidion neglectum Bruner, 1920: 123 ; Conocephalus (Xiphidion) maculatus Karny, 1912: 11 ; Conocephalus maculatus Bolivar, 1913: 8 ; Conocephalus sinensis Jin et Xia, 1994: 33 .

Material examined. (371 Specimens, 171♂ &200♀). Paratypes: India: Rajasthan; 18.v.2006, Coll. R. Swaminathan, (Jalore) (2); 14.vi.2006, Coll. D. P. Choudhary (Banswara) (1); 14.vi.2006, Coll. B. K. Patidar (Banswara); 19.ii.2006, Coll. B. K. Patidar (Jhalawar); 21.ix.2006, Coll. B. K. Patidar (Banswara); 04.xi.2006, Coll. D. P. Choudhary (Banswara); 28.x.2006, Coll. G. S. Chundawat (RCA, Udaipur) (2); 08.viii.2006, Coll. D. P. Choudhary, Kanpur (Udaipur); 08.viii.2006, Coll. G. S. Chundawat, Kanpur (Udaipur); 26.ix.2006, Coll. D. P. Choudhary ( CTAE, Udaipur); 08.x.2006, Coll. B. K. Patidar (Indore); 06.vii.2006, Coll. B. K. Patidar (ARS, Kota); 08.x.2006, Coll. D. P.Choudhary (Indore) (1); 08.x.2006, Coll. B. K. Patidar (Jabalpur) (1); D. P. Choudhary; 10.viii.2006, Coll. D. P. Choudhary, (Karbadia, Udaipur); 19.ii.2007, Coll. B. K. Patidar, Jhadol (Udaipur) (5); 15.ii.2007, Coll. B. K. Patidar, Jhadol (Udaipur); 18.vi.2007, Coll. B. K. Patidar, Metwala (Banswara) 19.ii.2007, Coll. P. S. Rathore, Jhadol (Udaipur) (4); 17.iv.2007, Coll. S. L. Jat (RCA, Udaipur); 02.iv.2007, Coll. Lekha (RCA, Udaipur); 19.v.2007, Coll. S. L. Jat (RCA, Udaipur); 30.i.2007, Coll. P. S. Rathore (Sirohi) (1); 30.ix.2007, Coll. S. L. Jat (RCA, Udaipur); 30.ix.2007, Coll. Lekha (RCA, Udaipur); 01.viii.2007, Coll. S. L. Jat, Jobner (Jaipur); 17.vii.2007, Coll. B. K. Patidar (Dungarpur); 23.iii.2007, Coll. R. S. Meena (RCA, Udaipiur); 17.iv.2007, Coll. S. L. Jat (Hort. Farm, Udaipur); 14.iv.2007, Coll. S. L. Jat (RCA. Farm, Udaipur) (4); 13.iv.2007, Coll. B. K. Patidar (RCA, Udaipur) (5); 30.iv.2007, Coll. B. K. Patidar (RCA, Udaipur); 14.iv.2007, Coll. R. S. Meena (RCA, Udaipur); 24.iii.2007, Coll. Lekha (RCA, Udaipur); 30.ix.2007, Coll. Lekha (RCA, Udaipur); 14.iv.2007, Coll. Lekha (RCA, Udaipur), (11); 13.iv.2007, Coll. Lekha (RCA, Udaipur) (4); 03.ix.2007, Coll. Lekha (RCA, Udaipur); 12.ix.2007, Coll. Lekha (RCA, Udaipur); 27.x.2007, Coll. Lekha (RCA, Udaipur); 24.viii.2007, Coll. P. S. Rathore (Dungarpur) (1); 04.x.2007, Coll. P. S. Rathore, Rao Madra (Udaipur); 15.x.2007, Coll. P. S. Rathore (RCA, Udaipur) (3); 29.ix.2007, Coll. P. S. Rathore (RCA, Udaipur); 16.ix.2007, Coll. P. S. Rathore, ARS-Mandor (Jodhpur) (1); 03. xi.2 0 0 7, Coll. P. S. Rathore, Bagawas (Pali) (1); 13.x.2007, Coll. P. S. Rathore, Sisarama (Udaipur); 30.i.2007, Coll. P. S. Rathore (Sirohi) (4); 27.x.2007, Coll. P. S. Rathore (Bhilwara) (3); 01.ix.2007, Coll. P. S. Rathore (Banswara); 11.ix.2007, Coll. P. S. Rathore, Mavali (Udaipur); 28.xi.2007, Coll. P. S. Rathore, Fatehnagar (Udaipur); 27.viii.2007, Coll. Lekha ( NRCS, Indore); 13.x.2007, Coll.R. Swaminathan, Sisarama (Udaipur); 17.vi.2007, Coll. R. Swaminathan, Barda(Dungarpur); 25.xii.2007, Coll. R. Swaminathan (Jhalawar); 27.x.2007, Coll. R. Swaminathan (Bhilwara) (4); 24.viii.2007, Coll. S. L. Jat (Dungarpur); 02.xi.2007, Coll. S. L. Jat, Ghatol (Udaipur); 17.vi.2007, Coll. R. S. Meena, Barda (Dungarpur); 17.vi.2007, Coll. R. Swaminathan, Paldewara (Dungarpur); 14.iv.2007, Coll. R. S. Meena (RCA, Udaipur) (1); 13.iv.2007, Coll. R. S. Meena (RCA, Udaipur); 18.iv.2007, Coll. S. L. Jat (RCA, Udaipur) (3); 02.iv.2007, Coll. R. S. Meena (RCA, Udaipur), 18.v.2007, Coll. R. S. Meena (RCA, Udaipur); 03.x.2007, Coll. S. L. Jat, Revdhar (Udaipur) (2); 15.xi.2007, Coll. P. S. Rathore (RCA, Udaipur); 30.i.2007, Coll. P. S. Rathore (Bhilwara); 13.x.2007, Coll. Coll. Hansa, Sisarama (Udaipur); 29.x.2007, Coll. S. L. Jat (RCA, Udaipur); 20.vii.2007, Coll. S. L. Jat (RCA, Udaipur); 20.i.2007, Coll. G. S. Chundawat (Khedbrama); 26.vii.2007, Coll. B. K. Patidar, KVK Piprone (Neemuch); 19.viii.2008, Coll. A. Pareek (Banswara) (2); 19.viii.2008, Coll. P. S. Rathore (Banswara); 06.xi.2008, Coll. P. S. Rathore, Chikalwas (Udaipur); 17.ii.2008, Coll. S. L. Jat (Navsari) (1); 04.xi.2008, Coll. P.S. Rathore, Bhuasa (Banswara); 04.xi.2008, Coll. A. Pareek, Bhuasa (Banswara) (3); 15.vi.2008, Coll. A. Pareek (Udaipur); 02.vi.2013, Coll. R. Swaminathan (Larbang); 02.vi.2013, Coll. R. Swaminathan (Mawflang) (1); 09.vi.2013, Coll. Jhabar Mal (Bhoirymbong) (2); 02.vi.2013, Coll. Rajendra Nagar (Mawflang) (7); 09.vi.2013, Coll. R. Swaminathan (Bhoirymbong) (2); 01.vii.2013, Coll. R. Swaminathan (Anand); 06.vi.2013, Coll. Rajendra Nagar (Dawki) (2); 02.vi.2013, Coll. Jhabar Mal (Mawflang) (2); 04.vi.2013, Coll. Jhabar Mal, Umiam (Ri-bhoi); 04.vi.2013, Coll. R. Swaminathan, Umiam (Ri-bhoi); 09.vi.2013, Coll. Rajendra Nagar (Bhoirymbong); 02.vi.2013, Coll. Rajendra Nagar (Mawbri); 02.vi.2013, Coll. Jhabar Mal (Mawbri); 04.vi.2013, Coll. Rajendra Nagar (Khasi Hill West); 02.vi.2013, Coll. Jhabar Mal (Khasi Hill West); 01.xi.2013, Coll. R. Swaminathan (KVK, Sirohi); 01.viii.2013, Coll. Rajendra Nagar (Rajasmand); 01.xi.2013, Coll. Devendra (KVK, Sirohi); 07.ix.2013, Coll. Rajendra Nagar (RCA, Udaipur) (1); 01.v.2013, Coll. Jhabar Mal (ARS, Banswara) (1); 31.x.2014, Coll. Rajendra Nagar (ARS, Banswara); 01.xi.2012, Coll. Devendra (KVK, Chitorgarh); 20iv.2013, Coll. Shivangi (RCA, Udaipur); 01.viii.2012, Coll. R. Swaminathan (RCA, Udaipur) (1); 01.x.2012, Coll. Devendra (RCA, Udaipur); 01.x.2012, Coll. S. L. Jat (Banswara); 01.v.2012, Coll. R. Swaminathan ( TNAU, Coimbatore) (3); 01.v.2012, Coll. Tatiana ( TNAU, Coimbatore) (1); 12.vii.2012, Coll. Subhash (Anand); 01.xi.2012, Coll. Rajendra Nagar (Mandsaur) (2) 01.i.2012, Coll. Jhabar Mal (Jaipur); 25.ii.2014, Coll. S. K. Yadav (RCA, Udaipur); 04.iii.2014, Coll. N. Y. Chanu (RCA, Udaipur); 26.ix.2012, Coll. Rajendra Nagar (Alsigarh, Udaipur) (4); 13.x.2013, Coll. Rajendra Nagar (Khemli, Udaipur); 08.ix.2015, Coll. Rajendra Nagar (Kotda, Udaipur); 10.viii.2006, Coll. G. S. Chundawat, Kavita (Udaipur); 04.. x.2013, Coll. Jhabar Mal (Chikaldhara); 16.iii.2015, Coll. Rajendra Nagar( ARSS, Vallabhanagar); 26.ix.2012, Coll. Rajendra Nagar, Alsigarh (Udaipur); 13.iv.2007, Coll. B. K. Patidar (RCA, Udaipur); 25.v.2007, Coll. P.S. Rathore (Jaisamand); 04.xi.2006, Coll. D.P. Choudhary (Banswara); 20.ix.2015, Coll. Rajendra Nagar, RARI, Durgapura (Jaipur); 14.iv.2007, Coll. Lekha (RCA, Udaipur); 14.iv.2007, Coll. R. S. Meena (RCA, Udaipur); 21.i.2014, Coll. Rajendra Nagar (Thiruvanthapuram) (6); 21.i.2014, Coll. Jhabar Mal (Thiruvanthapuram) (5); 22.i.2014, Coll. Rajendra Nagar ( TNAU, Coimbatore) (22); PLATE VI. C. maculatus male 1–6: 1. Male habitus; 2. Female habitus; 3. lateral view of hind femur; 4. Palpi; 5. Mid tibia; 6. Fore tibia.

PLATE VII. C. maculatus male male 7–14: 7. Dorsal view of head with pronotum; 8. Lateral view of pronotum; 9. Fastigium verticis; 10. Mirror on right tegmina; 11. Dorsal view of stridulatory file; 12. Ventral view of stridulatory file on left tegmina; 13. Tubercle spines; 14. Tegmina.

PLATE VIII. C. maculatus male 15–19: 15. Dorsal view of cerci; 16. Ventral view of subgenital plate; 17. Ventral view of left cerci; 18. Lateral view of genitalia; 19. Dorsal view of tenth abdominal tergite; Female 20–22: 20. Dorsal view of tength abdominal tergite with cerci; 21. Lateral view of ovipositor; 22. Ventral view of subgenital plate.

22.i.2014, Coll. Jhabar Mal ( TNAU, Coimbatore) (20); 20.i.2014, Coll. Rajendra Nagar ( TNAU, Coimbatore) (5); 20.i.2014, Coll. Jhabar Mal ( TNAU, Coimbatore), (4); 19.i.2014, Coll. Jhabar Mal ( TNAU, Coimbatore); 04.. x.2013, Coll. Rajendra Nagar (Chikaldhara) (4); 05.x.2013, Coll. Rajendra Nagar (Chikaldhara) (6); 07.. x.2013, Coll. Rajendra Nagar (Chikaldhara) (2); 04.x.2013, Coll. Jhabar Mal, Patur (Akola) (15); 01.x.2013, Coll. Rajendra Nagar (KVK, Chaitorgarh) (1); 01.x.2013, Coll. Jhabar Mal (KVK, Chaitorgarh) (1); 01.ix.2013, Coll. Rajendra Nagar ( ARSS, Vallabhanagar); 01.ix.2013, Coll. Jhabar Ma ( ARSS, Vallabhanagar); 01.xi.2012, Coll. Rajendra Nagar (Mandsaur) (1); 21.xii.2013, Coll. Rajendra Nagar (RCA, Udaipur) (1); 20.x.2015, Coll. R. Swaminathan, Ponmudi (Thiruvanthapuram), (2); 20.x.2015, Coll. Rajendra Nagar, Ponmudi (Thiruvanthapuram) (4); 20.x.2015, Coll. T. Swaminathan, Ponmudi (Thiruvanthapuram) (1); 21.x.2015, Coll. Rajendra Nagar, ICAR, Myladumpara (Idukki) (7); 22.x.2015, Coll. R. Swaminathan, ICAR, Myladumpara (Idukki) (1); 22.x.2015, Coll. Rajendra Nagar, ICAR, Myladumpara (Idukki) (1); 23.x.2015, Coll. Rajendra Nagar, Elappara, Vagamon Heights (Idukki) (1); 24.x.2015, Coll. T. Swaminathan, Elappara, Vagamon Heights (Idukki) (2); Karnataka, 07.xi.2013, Coll. Abhay Kumar Sharma (1), Bangalore ( GKVK); 10.v.2011, Coll. C. Latha, Bangalore ( GKVK); 29.xi.2010, Coll. P. Nirmala, Bangalore ( GKVK); 28.v.2008, Coll. S. Murthy, Bangalore ( GKVK); 21.11.2013, Coll. Geoby George, Bangalore ( GKVK); 21.11.2013, Coll. A. N. Reddy, Bangalore ( GKVK) 25.vi.2010, Coll. S. Murli, Bangalore ( GKVK); 0 7.11.2013, Coll. Shwetha, Bangalore ( GKVK); 06.xi.2010, Coll. Revanna Revannavar, Mudigere ( ZHRS); 08.x.2014, Coll. Gavash Ragesh, Mudigere ( ZHRS).

Description. Male — Fastigium of vertex moderately wide, anterior margin of pronotum concave, posterior margin rounded. Prosternum bispinose, macropterous, forewing pigmented with comparatively large dark spots; no marking in costal and percostal area, cross veins of costal and perocostal area of forewings irregular to almost regular. Stridulatory file area of male left tegmen large, stridulatory file elevated on thickened vein, slightly rounded, about 52 large and 28 small teeth with main teeth very robust, which are large and spaced in the middle, gradually becoming narrower towards the apex. Hind femora unarmed ventrally. Tibia marked with spot towards base, dark on mid tibia, often faint on other. Hind tibiae with 6 apical spurs. Tenth tergite slightly broad, basal margin arched, concave, posterior margin with a pair of obtuse lobes. Cerci conical with spines in middle and at the apex small spine-like projection. Subgenital plate long with middle carinae, posterior margin incision in the middle; styli long, cylindrical, apices obtuse.

Female: Tenth abdominal tergite small, incision in middle with apical margins rounded. Epiproct small, triangular, rounded with apex obtuse. Cerci conical at base, suddenly narrowing, apex obtuse, hirsute. Subgenital plate slightly broader anteriorly and posterior narrowing posteriorly, flat, apical lobe slightly rounded. Ovipositor moderately straight and slightly curved upward, dorsal and ventral margins smooth, dorsal valve longer than ventral.

Distribution. India: Rajasthan; Karnataka; Kerala; Meghalaya; Madhya Pradesh; Gujarat; Maharashtra.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Dorsal view of pronotum in different species of Conocephalus, 17 – 24: 17. C. decaspinosus sp. nov.; 18. C. kwasiphaiensis sp. nov.; 19. C. maculatus; 20. C. concolor peneri; 21. C. longipennis; 22. C. melaenus; 23. C. bambusanus; 24. C. vaginalis.

FIGURE 11. Female cerci in different species of Conocephalus, 76 – 83: 76. C. decaspinosus sp. nov.; 77. C. kwasiphaiensis sp. nov.; 78. C. maculatus; 79. C. concolor peneri; 80. C. longipennis; 81. C. melaenus; 82. C. bambusanus; 83. C. vaginalis.