Chilecicada parrajaraorum, Sanborn & Cole & Stukel & Łukasik & Veloso & Gonzalez & Karkar & Simon, 2021

Sanborn, Allen F., Cole, Jeffrey A., Stukel, Mark, Łukasik, Piotr, Veloso, Claudio, Gonzalez, Valorie A., Karkar, Jessica B. & Simon, Chris, 2021, Thirteen new species of Chilecicada Sanborn, 2014 (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae: Tibicininae) expand the highly endemic cicada fauna of Chile, Zootaxa 5078 (1), pp. 1-70 : 38-41

Chilecicada parrajaraorum n. sp. Sanborn

Fig. 9 (morphology), Plate 1 (live habitus), Plate 5 (distribution)

Type material. Holotype. “15.CL.LI.LCB.722 / -34.2993, -71.2636 / 19.XII.2015 C. V., K.N., P.L.” ♂ ( UCMS) . Paratypes. 14.CL. RM.PLN.520.2 / -33.4926, -70.5177 / 16.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik ” 1♂ ( AFSC). The code 15.CL. LI.LCB refers to a hill near the village of Las Cabras, O’Higgins Region, Chile collected by Claudio Veloso, Katherine Nazario and Piotr Łukasik. The code 14.CL. RM.PLN refers to Park Quebrada de Macul , Peñalolen, Santiago, Metropolitan Region, Chile .

Etymology. The name is a combination of parra -, - jara - and - orum (L. genitive plural). The species is named in honor of Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval (1917-1967) and Victor Lidio Jara Martinez (1932-1973), popular Chilean singers and songwriters in reference to the importance of the songs in identifying species of Chilecicada .

Description. Ground color dark testaceous marked with piceous and castaneous, greenish testaceous costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing, probably faded from green in live specimens due to ethanol exposure. Body covered with silvery pile.

Head. Head slightly wider than mesonotum, dorsal head piceous except ground color spots on junction of anterolateral supra-antennal plate margin and anteromedial corner of vertex and in posterior epicranial suture, short silvery pile on dorsal head, denser longer pile posterior to eye. Ocelli red, eyes dark castaneous lightly margined with ground color. Gena piceous margined with ground color medial margin, anteriorly along supra-antennal plate, and posteromedial margin along lorum, lorum ground color with piceous spots on anteromedial and posteromedial corners, piceous with ground color lateral margin in paratype, short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile on lorum and gena. Postclypeus ground color with piceous transverse grooves, central sulcus and dorsum, 12 transverse grooves, long silvery pile radiating from postclypeus, short silvery pile along lateral margin. Anteclypeus piceous with ground color carina and anterior and posterior margins, piceous extending across middle of carina in holotype, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile. Mentum ground color with lateral U-shaped castaneous mark, labium piceous, rostrum radiating long silvery pile, reaching to middle of middle trochanters. Scape ground color, remaining antennal segments piceous.

Thorax. Pronotum ground color, piceous fascia on either side of midline fusing medially anteriorly and posteriorly forming a triangular mark tapering laterally to anterior fissure and posterior ambient fissure, fissures piceous, mark in lateral fissure expanding onto lateral disk, irregular longitudinal mark extending onto disk between paramedian and lateral fissures but not reaching lateral fissure, small piceous spots on disk anterior and posterior to middle of lateral fissure and just posterior to central paramedian fissure. Pronotal collar ground color with piceous extending from ambient fissure, dorsally piceous covering majority of pronotal collar, lateral angle margined with piceous extended medially from anterolateral corner to lateral ambient fissure. Pronotum with sparse, short silvery pile in fissures, additional pile on pronotal collar lateral angle in paratype. Mesonotum piceous with ground color outlining sigilla but not reaching anterior margin, on anterolateral corner, most of cruciform elevation and wing groove, mark on central disk extends along anterior half of cruciform elevation midline, anterior half and medial regions of lateral cruciform elevation piceous, mark extending onto posterior mesonotum, wing groove ground color with piceous medial spot, piceous fasciae anteromedially and anterolaterally connected by transverse fascia anteriorly. Metanotum with posterior notch on dorsal midline, ground color with piceous midline, anterolateral region, and posterolateral fascia. Dorsum covered with sparse silvery pile, denser and longer between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, between anterior and posterior arms of cruciform elevation, and in wing groove. Ventral thoracic segments piceous margined with ground color, ground color expanded in anepimeron 2 and katepimeron 2. Ventral segments covered with short silvery and radiating long silvery pile.

Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline with eight and six apical cells respectively. Venation greenishtestaceous proximally, becoming piceous distally, costal margin and radius & subcostal vein separated by piceous fascia extending to node, cubitus posterior and anal vein 2 + 3 piceous, piceous spot on basal vein of clavus. Basal cell about 3.7 times longer than broad with small infuscation in anterodistal corner, absent in paratype. Pterostigma present. Basal membrane of fore wing grayish mottled with orange with darker posterior margin. Hind wing venation similarly colored except piceous median vein, cubitus posterior, anal vein 2, anal vein 3, cubitus posterior ground color and anal veins castaneous in paratype, piceous spot on wing base. Basal plaga, anal cell 3 along anal vein 3 to terminal curve, anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3 to terminal curve, proximal anal cell 1, posterior to cubitus posterior, proximal medial cell and proximal costal cell with gray mottled with orange, infuscation in anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 bordering gray and orange area and in base of cubital cell 1, cubital cell 2 and anal cell 1.

Legs. Legs ground color, coxae, trochanters and femora striped with piceous, tibiae with piceous spot proximally, fore tibiae thickly striped with piceous anteriorly and piceous distally, middle tibiae with thinner fasciae and lesser amount of terminus piceous, hind tibiae with shorter distal fascia and lacking terminal mark, tibial spurs and tibial combs ground color with castaneous tips, tarsi piceous except ground color proximal pretarsus in middle leg and majority of tarsi in hind tarsi, pretarsal claws castaneous with piceous tips. Fore femora with primary spine angled to femur, secondary spine almost upright with broad proximal base, longest, and small tertiary spine, all spines piceous. Proximal segments with short silvery pile, all segments radiating long silvery pile. Male meracanthus ground color with piceous spot on base, an elongated triangle distally curving mediad, reaching slightly beyond operculum posterior margin to posterior of sternite I.

Opercula. Male opercula ground color with piceous spot on lateral base and piceous medial margin, lateral margin straight, obtusely angled posterolateral margin, posterior margin obtusely angled becoming transverse medially, medial margin rounded, anteromedial margin curved to base, reaching beyond middle of tympanal cavity posteriorly but not reaching sternite II, well separated medially barely reaching lateral meracanthus, covered with short silvery pile, long silvery pile radiating from operculum margin.

Abdomen. Abdominal tergite 1 with ground color anterior margin, anterolateral and posterolateral corners, with transverse piceous fascia narrowing laterally, margined posteriorly with castaneous and ground color dorsoposterior margin, tergite 2 piceous anterodorsally between timbal cavities, piceous within timbal cavity and on lateral margin, piceous extending posteriorly on dorsal midline not reaching posterior margin, castaneous posterior to piceous and dorsolateral timbal cavities with ground color dorsolaterally, tergites 3–8 piceous bordered posteriorly with ground color, transverse castaneous mark on dorsal midline posterior to piceous, tergites covered with sparse, short silvery pile, longer pile radiating from lateral tergites 7 and 8. Timbal cover a thickened rim, timbal completely exposed with 13 long ribs and 11 intercalary ribs. Male sternite I ground color marked with piceous along anterolateral and posteromedial margins, sternite II testaceous with ground color anterolateral margin, transverse piceous fascia on either side of midline and along anterior margin reaching piceous auditory capsule, sternite III with transverse piceous fascia on anterior margin, large anteromedial and small lateral castaneous spots, sternites IV–VI testaceous anteromedial castaneous mark in center and lateral castaneous spots, reducing in size in posterior sternites, medial spots larger in paratype, sternite VII testaceous. Epipleurites testaceous with central castaneous spot. Sternite VIII ground color with curving castaneous marks on anterolateral margin and castaneous spot ventral to dorsal margin curve, dorsal margin smoothly curved near base, V-shaped when viewed from posterior. Sternites and epipleurites with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile, longer on sternites VII and VIII.

Genitalia. Male pygofer ground color ventrally and on posterior margin, piceous dorsally and posterolaterally, separated from ground color by castaneous laterally, distal shoulder undeveloped, smoothly curved, not reaching to anal tube, dorsal beak absent, silvery pile on dorsolateral surfaces. Upper pygofer lobe absent, pygofer basal lobes elongated, adpressed to lateral pygofer, flattened, slightly angled dorsally at oblique angle, extending more than half pygofer length, widening distal to angle forming spoon-like terminus, apex against lateral pygofer margin. Anal styles piceous margined with ground color at base, radiating short silvery pile, anal tube piceous with testaceous anterior and posterior margins. Median uncus lobe dark castaneous distal two-thirds of lateral margin ground color, elongated, undivided, angled posteriorly from base, dorsal side slightly sinuate when viewed from the side, ventral side straight to downward angled distal terminus, widening laterally from base before tapering to pointed posterior margin, small ground color ridge on dorsal surface midline, ventral surface dark ground color with piceous base, ventral surfaces recurved, almost meeting along midline expanding to small hole near distal terminus for extension of aedeagus, radiating silvery pile. Aedeagus castaneous with darker lateral fascia, basal aedeagus tubular, dark castaneous, terminus not visible in type series.

Measurements (mm). n= 2♂, mean (range). Length of body: 19.10 (18.00–20.20); length of fore wing: 20.45 (20.15–20.75); width of fore wing: 6.98 (6.95–7.00); length of head: 3.38 (3.35–3.40); width of head including eyes: 6.03 (5.90–6.15); width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: 6.68 (6.60–6.75); width of mesonotum: 5.70 (5.65–5.75).

Song. Unknown.

Diagnosis. This new species can be distinguished by having in combination a body length between 18.00– 20.20 mm, fore wing length between 20.15–20.75 mm, fore wing basal cell about 3.70 times longer than broad, a piceous mark along the proximal fore wing basal cell, a piceous fascia separating the fore wing costa and radius + subcostal veins extending to node, a triangular meracanthus, piceous marking on the medial opercular margin, posteromedial operculum forming an obtuse angle, abdominal epipleurites with a central spot, and an uncus that is piceous with ground color and/or castaneous lateral and dorsal fasciae with a sinuate dorsal surface when viewed from the side and the ventral terminus slightly bent.

Distribution. The species is known from the type series collected in the O’Higgins and Metropolitana Regions, Chile.

Figures

PLATE 1. Living habitus of Chilecicada species. A. C. citatatemporaria PARATOPOTYPE, Región de Valparaíso, Provincia de Petorca; B. C. culenesensis PARATOPOTYPE specimen PL714, Región Metropolitana; C. C. impartemporaria PARATYPE, Región de Valparaíso, Provincia de Petorca; D. C. magna HOLOTYPE specimen JM037, Región del Maule; E. C. mapuchensis HOLOTYPE specimen PL518, Región Metropolitana; F. C. occidentis Región Metropolitana, Provincia de Santiago; G. C. oraria PARATOPOTYPE, Región del Maule, Provincia de Cauquenes; H. C. parrajaraorum HOLOTYPE specimen PL722, Región O’Higgins; I. C. partemporaria; J. C. pehuenchesensis PARATYPE specimen PL516, Región Metropolitana; K. C. trifascia HOLOTYPE specimen PL430, Región O’Higgins; L. C. trifasciunca PARATOPOTYPE specimen PL515, Región Metropolitana; M. C. viridicitata PARATOPOTYPE, Región O’Higgins, Provincia de Cochagüa.

PLATE 5. Distribution of Chilecicada from records reported in this work.

FIGURE 9. Chilecicada parrajaraorum n, sp.: A, Holotype male habitus; B, holotype male dorsum; C, holotype male timbal; D, paratype male operculum; E, holotype male lateral view of genitalia; F, holotype male posterior view of genitalia. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B, 2 mm; C–F, 1 mm.