Scorpiops tibetanus Hirst, 1911

Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Stockmann, Mark & Šťáhlavský, František, 2020, Revision of genus-group taxa in the family Scorpiopidae Kraepelin, 1905, with description of 15 new species (Arachnida Scorpiones), Euscorpius 325, pp. 1-140 : 126

Scorpiops tibetanus Hirst, 1911

( Figs. 46 , 143 , 239–240 , 799 , Table 9) http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2D39F679-

D308-4C69-86FC-ACA385D68C84

Scorpiops tibetanus Hirst, 1911: 472–473 ; Vachon, 1980: 151; Fet, 2000: 494; Kovařík, 2000: 196, figs. 47, 68–69; Soleglad & Sissom, 2001: 93; Kovařík, 2002: 19; Kovařík & Whitman, 2005: 117; Qi, Zhu & Lourenço, 2005: 29; Di et al., 2013: 75–85, figs. 102–118.

= Scorpiops atomatus Qi, Zhu & Lourenço, 2005: 6–10 , figs. 16–31 (type locality and type repository: China, Tibet, Lang District, 29°02’N 93°08’E (29.03°N 93.13°E); MHBU); Kovařík & Ahmed, 2009: 10; Di et al., 2013: 59–61, figs. 1–21; Di et al., 2014: 11, 16; Fet & Kovařík, 2020: 4. Syn. n. http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8631287F-BF7A-4ADF-A7F8-0DF8F6D1AD24

= Scorpiops pococki Zhu et al. in Qi et al., 2005: 14–18, figs. 47–61 (type locality and type repository: China, Tibet, Gyaca District, 29°08’N 92°43’E; MHBU); Di et al., 2013: 72–75, figs. 64–84; Di et al., 2014: 12, 16. Syn. n. http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4D806174-9C42-4137-84D1-F577422567D0

TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. China: Tibet (Xizang), Tsangpo Valley, Chaksam Ferry ; BMNH.

TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. China, Tibet (Xizang), Tsangpo Valley, Chaksam Ferry , 1♂ (holotype) , BMNH.

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. China, Tibet (Xizang), Lhasa (29.65°N 91.00°E), 3700 m a. s. l., 2♂ 1♀, 18. VI.1995, leg. A. Wrzecionko, FKCP; central Tibet, Shigatse ( Xigaze ) (29.27°N 88.88°E), 4000 m a. s. l., 8. VI.1996, 2♂ 4♀ 4juvs., leg. Paulus , FKCP; Gyaca District , 29°08'N 92°43'E (29.13°N 92.72°E), 1♂ 1♀, topotypes of Scorpiops pococki Zhu, Qi & Lourenço, 2008 , donated by Zhiyong Di , FKCP.

DIAGNOSIS (♂ ♀). Total length 40–65 mm. Base color uniformly reddish brown. Pectine teeth number 7–11 in males and 6–9 in females, fulcra absent. Pectines with 2 marginal and 1 middle lamellae. Patella of pedipalp with 17 (5 eb, 2 esb, 2 em, 4 est, 4 et) external and 7–10 ventral trichobothria. Chela of pedipalp with 4 V series trichobothria located on ventral surface. Chelal trichobothrium Eb 3 located in proximal half of manus between trichobothria Dt and Db. Fingers of pedipalps undulate in both sexes, usually more strongly in male. Chela length to width ratio 2–2.2 in male and 2.4 in female. Pedipalp movable finger with ca. 15–20 IAD, parallel with MD (ca. 50 in number); there are also 3–4 ID and 10–13 OD present. Tarsomere II of legs with 7–9 stout median ventral spinules and two pairs of flanking setae. Metasoma I with 10 carinae, and metasoma II–IV with 8 carinae. Telson bulbous and granulate, length to depth ratio 2.5–2.7 in male and 2.7 in female; annular ring present.

COMMENTS. Zhu, Qi & Lourenço (2005) used invalid characters. For S. atomatus , they cited chela length 6.38 mm and width 4.08 mm for the holotype (see further comments under S. vachoni below). They did not compare S. atomatus and S. pococki with S. tibetanus , which occurs in the same area. We had the opportunity to directly examine the holotype of S. tibetanus , topotypes of S. pococki , and other specimens from the region. We determined that the studied specimens and published descriptions match each other precisely in the following key characters: trichobothrial pattern, pedipalp finger dentition, pectinal tooth count and lamellar structure, proportions, setation, carination and sculpture of pedipalps, carapace, tergites, sternites, and metasoma, shape of the telson, as well as armature of chelicerae and pedipalp fingers. In the original descriptions, Qi et al. (2005: 29) differentiated these species from the same area of distribution according to “smooth oval region found behind lateral ocular tubercles” which can be present or absent. We found strong variation in this character, especially noticeable under UV light, and we did not find any other character valid for species level differentiation. The undeniable conclusion is that Scorpiops atomatus Qi, Zhu & Lourenço, 2005 and Scorpiops pococki Zhu, Qi &Lourenço, 2005 are junior synonyms of Scorpiops tibetanus Hirst, 1911 syn. n.

DISTRIBUTION. China (Tibet) ( Fig. 799 ).

Figures

Figure 799. Geographic distribution of the family Scorpiopidae. The map plots locality

Figures 21–52: Scorpiops spp., telson lateral. Figure 21. S. affinis, male, lectotype. Figure 22. S. afghanus, female, holotype. Figure 23. S. braunwalderi, male, holotype. Figure 24. S. dastychi, female, paratype. Figure 25. S. demisi, female, holotype. Figure 26. S. farkaci, male, holotype.Figure 27. S.feti, male,paratype.Figure 28. S.furai, female, holotype.Figure 29. S.grosseri, female, holotype.Figure 30. S.hardwickii, male, holotype. Figure 31. S. harmsi, female, holotype. Figure 32. S. hofereki, female, holotype. Figure 33. S. irenae, female, holotype. Figure 34. S. jendeki, male, holotype. Figure 35. S. kejvali, male, holotype. Figure 36. S. langxian, male, China, Tibet, W. Kangtissu Shan Mts., Nakaeh Cushul, 4200 m a. s. l., FKCP. Figure 37. S. leptochirus, male (306), India, Meghalaya State, Nong Poh env., FKCP. Figure 38. S. lhasa, female, topotype, China, Tibet, Lhasa, 3700 m a. s. l., FKCP. Figure 39. S. lindbergi, male, holotype of S. kraepelini. Figure 40. S. margerisonae, male, holotype. Figure 41. S. oligotrichus, male (508), Laos, Xieng Khouang Province, Tham Xang Caves, Phone Savan, near Muang Khoun, FKCP. Figure 42. S.pakistanus, male, holotype.Figure 43. S. petersii, male, India, Himachal PradeshState, Molta,FKCP.Figure 44. S. pseudomontanus, male, holotype. Figure 45. S. solidus, male, holotype. Figure 46. S. tibetanus, male, topotype of S. pococki, China, Tibet, Gyaca district, 29°08'N 92°43'E, FKCP. Figure 47. S. tryznai, female, holotype. Figure 48. S. vonwicki, female, holotype. Figure 49. S. wrzecionkoi, female, holotype. Figure 50. S. yagmuri, male, holotype. Figure 51. S. zubairahmedi, male, holotype. Figure 52. S. zubairi, male, holotype.

Figures 134–148: Scorpiops spp., right pectines. Figure 134. S. harmsi, female, holotype. Figure 135. S. vonwicki, female, holotype. Figure 137. S. leptochirus, male and female, India, Meghalaya State, Nong Poh, FKCP. Figure 138. S. sherwoodae sp. n., male holotype. Figure 139. S. longimanus, male, India, Assam State, 50 km E of Tezpur, FKCP. Figure 140. S. longimanus, female, India, Maghalaya State, West Garo-Hills, FKCP. Figure 141. S. braunwalderi, male, holotype. Figure 142. S. phatoensis sp. n., male, holotype. Figure 143. S. tibetanus, male, topotype of S. pococki, FKCP. Figure 144. S. dastychi, male, paratype. Figure 145. S. yagmuri, male, holotype.Figure 146. S. margerisonae, male, holotype. Figure 147. S. margerisonae, male, China, 100 km S of Lhasa, FKCP. Figure 148. S. wrzecionkoi, female, holotype.

Figures 227–268: Pedipalp chela dorsal and external views. Figures 227–228. Scorpiops margerisonae, male, holotype. Figures 229–230. S. oligotrichus, male, Laos, Tham Xang Caves, FKCP. Figures 231–232. S. pakistanus, male, holotype. Figures 233–234. S. petersii, male, India, Himachal Pradesh State, Molta, FKCP. Figures 235–236. S. pseudomontanus, male, holotype. Figures 237–238. S. solidus, male, holotype. Figures 239–240. S. tibetanus, male, topotype of S. pococki, FKCP. Figures 241–242. S. tryznai, female, holotype. Figures 243–244. S. vonwicki, female, holotype. Figures 245–246. S. wrzecionkoi, female, holotype. Figures 247–248. S. yagmuri, male, holotype. Figures 249–250. S. zubairahmedi, male, holotype. Figures 251–252. S. zubairi, male, holotype. Figures 253–254. S. grandjeani, female, Thailand, Kapang, FKCP. Figures 255–256. Parascorpiops montanus, female, Malaysia, Borneo, Sarawak, Matang, FKCP. Figures 257–260. S. anthracinus, male (257– 258) and female (259–260), Thailand, Phetchaburi Province, Kaeng Krachan, FKCP.Figures 261–264. S. citadelle, male, topotype (261–262) and female, paratype (263–264). Figures 265–268. S. wongpromi, male, holotype (265–266) and female, paratype (267–268).