Omphalodes nedimeae Aykurt & Sümbül, 2021

Aykurt, Candan, Sümbül, Hüseyin, Gülben, Mertcan, Sari, Duygu & Konuralp, Leman Yasemin, 2021, Omphalodes nedimeae (Boraginaceae), a new species from the Mediterranean Region of Turkey, Phytotaxa 498 (4), pp. 242-254 : 247-251

Omphalodes nedimeae Aykurt & Sümbül , spec. nov. ( Figs. 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 )

Type: — TURKEY. Antalya: Kumluca, Bey Mountains in Sarıkaya Wildlife Development Area , between Kırkmuar and Kızlar Sivrisi, shady rock crevices, 2100 m elevation, 07.06.2019, C . Aykurt 5123 & H . Sümbül (holotype: AKDU; isotype: AKDU) .

Diagnosis: — Omphalodes nedimeae differs from the related species O. luciliae by its densely strigose, white indumentum all over (vs. glabrous or sparsely strigose hairs only on the leaves and calyces), densely hairy nutlets (vs. glabrous), and erose nutlet wings (vs. entire to subentire).

Perennial, chasmophytic, herbaceous covered with dense strigose hairs. Stems several, ascending from decumbent base, 6–10 cm until cymes at anthesis (8–12 cm in fruit), slender, narrowly winged, angled, with dense strigose hairs. Leaves basal and cauline; all leaves with elliptic to ovate lamina, obtuse, with distinct callous tip, entire, attenuate and oblique at base, midrib distinct, lateral nerves 2–3 pairs, indistinct, both surfaces with dense, short papillae and long, strigose hairs; petiole narrowly winged towards the base. Basal leaves (7–)10–30 × 5–15 mm at anthesis, 20–50(–60) × 15–20(–25) mm in fruit, long-petiolate; petioles 5–75 (–85) mm, much longer than the lamina. Cauline leaves alternate, 8–30 × 3–10 mm. Buds with densely strigose hairs. Inflorescence bracteate with dense strigose hairs; cymes 20–25 mm at anthesis, lengthening distinctly in fruit (to 55 mm long). Flowers 2–8 per stem; pedicels 5–25 mm long, much curved in fruit. Calyx lobes elliptic, 2.60 × 1.10 mm at anthesis, 3.75 × 1.65 mm in fruit, dense strigose on both surfaces. Corolla rotate, first powder pink, later powder blue; tube very short, c. 2–2.5 mm long; limb 5–5.5 mm diam; lobes spreading, semiorbicular, broadly rounded, glabrous. Faucal scales 5, yellow, c. 1 × 0.4 mm. Stamens 5, dorsifixed, filaments very short. Nutlets ovate, c. 4 × 2.7 mm, greenish-brown.

Phenology: —Flowering period starts in early June, continues towards end of July. Fruiting period is late July and August.

Etymology:— The specific epithet ‘nedimeae’ honors the mother of the first author, Nedime Kemalolu, an amateur botanist who has joined the field trips from 2005 to the present.

Habitat, ecology and conservation status: — Omphalodes nedimeae is a local species endemic to the high mountain zone of the Bey Mountains (Antalya) and inhabiting in shady rock crevices at an elevation of 2100 m. Within this area, the new species is associated with plants such as Arabis alpina L. (1753b: 664), Hieracium pannosum Boiss. (1844: 32) , Silene odontopetala Fenzl (1842: 9) , Tragopogon latifolius Boiss. (1844: 23) .

The area of occupancy of the species is limited to less than 10 km 2, and the total number of mature individuals is approximately 50. Overgrazing by goat herds was noticed near the population. Therefore, this new species should be considered as “critically endangered” (CR B2 ab(v); D) according to the IUCN categories ( IUCN, 2019).

Nutlet micromorphology: —The adaxial surface of the nutlets is densely covered with short papillae and long, often hooked trichomes. The scar is central, deltoid and with microperforations. The margin is curved inward and narrow; the edge is erose; both the outer and inner sides are densely covered with short papillae. The abaxial surface is densely covered with long, straight trichomes and short papillae, and flattish ( Fig. 4 ).

Identification key for Omphalodes species distributed in Turkey

1. Cymes ebracteate; leaves cordate at the base............................................................................................................. O. cappadocica

- Cymes bracteate; leaves decurrent or abruptly narrowed into petiole ..............................................................................................2.

2. Plant with dense white strigose hairs; nutlets hairy......................................................................................................... O. nedimeae

- Plant and nutlets glabrous or nearly so ( O. luciliae ssp. pisidica ) ....................................................................................................3.

3. Nutlets with entire margin ................................................................................................................................................... O. luciliae

- Nutlet margin fimbriate or ciliate ......................................................................................................................................................4.

4. Corolla milky white......................................................................................................................................................... O. ripleyana

- Corolla pale blue.............................................................................................................................................................. O. davisiana

Additional Specimens examined:— Paratypes of O. nedimeae : Turkey. Antalya: Kumluca, Bey Mountains in Sarıkaya Wild Life Development Area , between Akmuar and Kızlar Sivrisi, shady rock crevices, 2100 m, 21 July 2019, C . Aykurt 5564b ( AKDU6064 ); ibid., 24 July 2019, L. Y . Konuralp ( AKDU5600 ). Omphalodes cappadocica : Turkey. Ordu: Ordu-Çambaşi road, 200 m, 06 March 1965, C . Tobey 1512 ( E00812434 photo); Trabzon: Trabzon-Rize road, 50 m, 31 March 1960, J .D.A. Stainton 8140 ( E00813433 photo); Giresun: Kemaliye , cestanea zone, 23 June 1977, Y . Akman 6828 ( ANK); Trabzon; Sürmene, Köprübaşı district , on metamorphic rocks, c. 700 m, 29 April 1982, A . Güner 4295 & B . Yıldız ( HUB); Rize: Çamlıhemşin, Aşağı Vice district , 250–800 m, 24 February 1981, A . Güner 3131 & B. S . Erol ( HUB); Rize: Fındıklı , between Çağlayan and Gürcüdüzü, 100–450 m, 24 March 1981, A . Güner 3208 ( HUB). Omphalodes davisiana : Turkey. Tunceli: Sultan Baba Mountain , c. 40 km N . of Tunceli, open scree slope, 2900 m, 20 August 1982, F . Sorger & P . Buchner 82-130-3 ( E00285607 photo, isotype). Omphalodes luciliae subsp. cilicica : Turkey. Niğde: Bulghar Magara , 2700 m, 1896, W . Siehe 505 ( E00285606 photo, isosyntype); Aladağ, Narpiz Gorge near Kayarcik Cave-Upper Arpalik Gorge and cave, fissures in rock walls, caves, 2060–2190 m, 18 June 1963, E . Parry 1 ( E00813459 photo); Bolkar Mountains (above Maden ), 2743 m, 30 July 1969, J . Darrah 490 ( E00813450 photo); Bolkar Mountains, Alibaba & Sarıtepe Plateau, on the limestone cliffs, 2500 m, 03 September 1949, P. H . Davis 16537 ( E00813458 photo); In Aladağlar, on Demirkazık , shady rock crack, 11 000 ft., 01 September 1965, G. W . D. Findlay 222 ( E00813452 photo). Omphalodes luciliae subsp. kurdica : Turkey. Hakkari: Vadinasor Hill , 22 km N. E . of Yüksekova, 2000 m, N.- N. E . aspect chasmophyte on large shaded limestone walls at head of S.-S.E. mountain gully leading to upper slopes, 13 June 1977, J . Watson 5627 ( E00813460 photo). Omphalodes luciliae subsp. luciliae : Turkey. Muğla, Babadağ , shady crevices, 7000 ft., 19 June 1938, P. H . Davis 254 ( E00813445 photo); Antalya: Kemer, Tahtalı Mountain , 2200–2300 m, 16 August 1947, P. H . Davis 14138 ( E00813448 photo); Burdur: Altınyayla-Ballık , 2030 m, 28 August 2015, L. Y . Konuralp ( AKDU 5601 ); Denizli: Babadağ, from Başkana picnic area to the pick, 1600–1700 m, 24 June 2006, E . Hamzaoğlu 4064 ( AKDU3415 ). Omphalodes luciliae subsp. pisidica : Turkey. Isparta, distr. Sütçüler, Dedegöl Mountain at Dedegöl Tarn , shady rocks, 2300 m, 03 August 1949 (in flower and fruit), P. H . Davis 16027 ( E00326631 photo, holotype); Isparta: distr. Sütçüler, Dedegöl Mountain, in the cirque Anici , N . cliffs, 2200 m, 02 August 1949, P. H . Davis 15990 ( E00813447 photo). Antalya: Bozburun Dağ above Tozlu Çukur Plateau , in shady conglomerate rocks, 1900–2200 m, 25 July 1949, P. H . Davis 15609 ( E00813446 photo); Isparta: Eğirdir, between Yenişar and Bademli, from Melik Plateau to Dedegöl Mountain (footpath), on rocks, 2000– 2200 m, 21 July 2019, R. S . Göktürk 8266 ( AKDU5559 ); Antalya: Manavgat, Köprülü Canyon National Park, Dere district , Ballıbucak , Bozkıran Mountains , on rocks, 2008 m, 05 August 2012, R. S . Göktürk ( AKDU2277 ). Omphlodes luciliae subsp. scopulorum : Muğla: Fethiye, Yakaköy, bridge vicinity under Paşabendi , on rocks, 1610 m, 25 July 2013, R. S . Göktürk ( AKDU2260 ); Denizli: Acıpayam, Bozdağ, Ceyhan Plateau , 1520–1680 m, P. H . Davis 13429 ( ANK); İzmir: Kemalpaşa, in crevices of vertical limestone cliffs on the upper slope of Nif Mountain , 30 May 1966, R . Alava 4878, G . Bocquet & C . von Regel ( E00813454 photo). Omphalodes ripleyana : Turkey. Antalya / Konya: Manavgat- Seydişehir , 30 km S of Seydişehir, 17 July 1978, M . Nydegger 13222 ( E00813444 ); Antalya: Gebiz, nr. Taşlı Plateau on Bozburun Mountain , shady rocks, 25 July 1949, P. H . Davis 15546 ( E00813443 photo); Antalya: Gebiz, Bozburun Mountain, near Kurucaova Plateau , in shady compact limestone rocks, 1800 m, 25 July 1949, P. H . Davis 15680 ( E00285608 photo, isotype); Antalya: Akseki, Gidengelmez Mountains Wild Life Development Area , on rocks, 2022 m, 11 June 2012, C . Aykurt 338 2 ( AKDU1180 ) .

Figures

FIGURE 2. Omphalodes nedimeae from holotype (C. Aykurt 5123): a) habit; b) basal leaves; c) flower; d) nutlet.

FIGURE 3. Field photographs of Omphalodes nedimeae from type location.

FIGURE 4. SEM photographs of leaf of Omphalodes nedimeae from holotype (C. Aykurt 5123): a–c: adaxial surface; d: abaxial surface.

FIGURE 5. SEM photographs of nutlet from C. Aykurt 5564b: a–b: adaxial surface; c–d: abaxial surface.