Craspedolepta yongjungi Cho & Burckhardt, 2017

Cho, Geonho, Burckhardt, Daniel & Lee, Seunghwan, 2017, On the taxonomy of Korean jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea), Zootaxa 4238 (4), pp. 531-561 : 534-535

Craspedolepta yongjungi Cho & Burckhardt , sp. nov.

( Figs. 5−7 , 15−20 )

Craspedolepta conspersa SENSU KWON, 1983: 24 , NEC LöW, 1888: 31.

Xanioptera japonica SENSU PARK, 1996: 268, NEC KLIMASZEWSKI, 1989: 7.

Diagnosis. Adults of the new species resemble those of Craspedolepta conspersa (Löw, 1888) , C. spinosa Park & Lee, 1982 , C. japonica (Klimaszewski, 1989) , comb. nov. and C. kwonii (Klimaszewski, 1997) , comb. nov. in the narrow forewings bearing small dots, the apically broad paramere, that is bent in the middle, and the female proctiger bearing a long apical process. It differs from the first species in the forewing that is narrowly rounded apically and bears more homogeneously distributed dark dots, the female proctiger that is stronger curved and the female subgenital plate whose ventral margin is angled in the middle and not evenly curved as in C. conspersa . From the other three species C. yongjungi differs in the brown dots that are denser and confluent in apical half of the forewing.

Description. Adult. Body colour ( Figs. 5–6 ) green (yellow in ethanol preserved specimens), with indistinct whitish pattern consisting of dots and longitudinal stripes on the dorsum of head and thorax, respectively. Head and thorax covered in short macroscopic setae. Vertex with each half evenly rounded anteriorly; preocular sclerite distinctly developed. Antenna 10-segmented, 1.17‒1.24 as long as head width. Forewing slender, 2.72‒3.09 times as long as wide, narrowly rounded apically; cell m1 relatively narrow, cell cu1 long; pattern consisting of small brown spots that are relatively evenly covering wing membrane, denser in apical half where they are confluent; membrane lacking setae on dorsal surface; surface spinules fine, dense, leaving spinule-free rows along the veins. Terminalia as in Figs. 17‒20 . Paramere curved in the middle with broad apical half; apico-posterior edge angular. Female proctiger 1.06‒1.12 times as long as head width, with concave dorsal margin and long apical process. Female subgenital plate with long apical process; ventral margin angular in the middle.

Measurements (in mm; 3 ♂, 3 ♀): head width ♂ 0.52‒0.55, ♀ 0.56‒0.62; antenna length ♂ 0.63‒0.66, ♀ 0.67‒0.72; forewing length ♂ 1.77‒1.84, ♀ 2.20‒2.30; metatibia length ♂ 0.46‒0.47, ♀ 0.47‒0.49; proctiger length ♂ 0.20‒0.22, ♀ 0.63‒0.66.

Fifth instar immature. Body ( Fig. 7 ) greenish or yellowish, elongate. Antenna 7-segmented. Forewing-pads with small humeral lobes. Margin of wing-pads and abdomen bearing lanceolate setae. Tarsal arolium membranous, sessile. Caudal plate angular posteriorly. Anus in ventral position; circumanal ring small, in distance from posterior abdominal margin by more than its own length, consisting of a single row of pores.

Measurements (in mm; 3 immatures): body length 1.73‒1.92; body width 1.14‒1.22; antenna length 0.77‒0.80; forewingpad length 0.68‒0.69; metatibia length 0.30‒0.32; caudal plate length 0.52‒0.57; caudal plate width 0.83‒0.95; circumanal ring width 0.10‒0.11.

Type material. Holotype ♂, South Korea, GW, Hongcheon-gun , Nae-myeon, Myeonggae-ri, N37°51'37.44'' E128°32'36.72'', 900 m, 07.vi.2015, Artemisia cf. indica (G. Cho) ( SNU; dry mounted). — Paratypes: 42 ♂, 25 ♀, same data as holotype but ( NHMB, SNU; dry and slide mounted, in 95% ethanol) ; 26 ♂, 24 ♀, 33 immatures, same but 17.v.2016 (D. Burckhardt & G. Cho) (BMNH, NHMB, SNU; dry, in 70% and 95% ethanol); 2 ♂, 3 ♀, same but Hwacheon-gun , Sangseo-myeon , Damok-ri, Sillnae Hill, N38°09'24.4'' E127°31'23.3'', 850 m, 25.v.2016, Artemisia cf. indica (D. Burckhardt & G. Cho) ( NHMB, SNU; dry and slide mounted, preserved in 70% and 95% ethanol).

Host plant. Artemisia cf. indica Willd. (Asteraceae) , confirmed by the presence of immatures.

Etymology. Named in honour of Professor Yong Jung Kwon for his pioneering work on Korean psyllids.

Comments. Craspedolepta conspersa was originally described from Romania [Südungarn, Langenfeld bei Weisskirchen] (Löw 1888; see also Conci & Tamanini 1983) and not Germany as stated by Kwon (1983). Subsequently the species was reported from Hungary (Klimaszewski 1961), Moldova (Loginova 1966), Japan (Miyatake 1969), Italy (Conci & Tamanini 1983), Korea (Kwon 1983), the Russian Far East (Konovalova 1988), Slovenia (Seljak 2006), Switzerland (Burckhardt & Lauterer 2009) and Serbia (Jerinić-Prodanović 2010). The record of Bulgaria by Klimaszewski (1973) is a likely error (Conci & Tamanini 1983). Klimaszewski (1989) described Xanioptera (Loginovia) japonica from Japan, apparently not aware of the reports of C. conspersa from Japan, Korea and the Russian Far East (Miyatake 1969; Kwon 1983; Konovalova 1988). Klimaszewski (1989) suggested that X. japonica is very close to C. conspersa differing in the longer antennae and relative lengths of the forewing veins M+Cu and Cu. For unknown reasons, Park (1996) suggested that Craspedolepta conspersa sensu Kwon (1983) from Korea is conspecific with Xanioptera japonica . Comparison of material from Japan identified as Xanioptera japonica and from Korea fitting Kwon’s description of C. conspersa shows subtle, though constant differences between the two taxa. The brown dots on the forewing are sparser and rarely coalesce in the former but are quite dense and confluent in the apical half of the forewing in the latter. The paramere in the former is slightly more rounded at the apico-posterior edge and slightly more angular in the latter. Further, the Korean populations differ from European C. conspersa in the more homogeneously spaced dark dots on the forewing, the apically more narrowly rounded forewing and the more curved female terminalia. In this context, two other species are of interest, viz. Craspedolepta spinosa Park & Lee, 1982 and Xanioptera (Loginovia) kwonii Klimaszewski, 1997 . Both species are from Korea, poorly described and based on insufficient material lacking males, the former from 2 females, one of which damaged, from Mount Hallasan on Jeju Island, the latter from 2 or 3 females from Mount Myohyang, respectively. Both share the narrow forewings bearing brown dots, but differ from the Korean material referred to C. conspersa in the dots on the forewing that are not confluent. We conclude that 1. Craspedolepta japonica (Klimaszewski, 1989) , comb. nov. is a good species, currently known only from Japan; 2. C. spinosa and C. kwonii (Klimaszewski, 1997) , comb. nov. are distinct from both C. japonica and from Korean populations previously referred to C. conspersa but their identity is doubtful; 3. the European and Korean populations referred to C. conspersa are not conspecific. For this reason, we describe the latter under the name of Craspedolepta yongjungi sp. nov.

Klimaszewski (1987), using a phenetic approach to analyse the phylogenetic relationships between Palaearctic species, split Craspedolepta s. l. into four genera including the subgenera Xanioptera s. str. and Xanioptera (Loginovia) . This analysis is flawed with methodological shortcomings and mistakes in the observation of some characters (Burckhardt & Lauterer 1997) and is, therefore, rejected. Here we follow the generic concepts of Burckhardt & Ouvrard (2012) and Burckhardt & Queiroz (2013).

Figures

FIGURES 1 ‒ 8. HABITUS. 1. Aphalara avicularis, ADULT MALE. 2. Aphalara freji, ADULT MALE. 3. Craspedolepta formosa, ADULT MALE. 4. Craspedolepta formosa, ADULT FEMALE. 5. Craspedolepta yongjungi sp. nov., ADULT MALE. 6. Craspedolepta yongjungi sp. nov., ADULT FEMALE. 7. Craspedolepta yongjungi sp. nov., FIFTH INSTAR IMMATURE. 8. Calophya nigridorsalis, ADULT MALE.

FIGURES 15 ‒ 20. Craspedolepta yongjungi sp. nov. 15. HEAD, DORSAL VIEW. 16. FOREWING. 17. MALE TERMINALIA, IN PROFILE. 18. FEMALE TERMINALIA, IN PROFILE. 19. PARAMERE, OUTER SURFACE. 20. DISTAL SEGMENT OF AEDEAGUS. SCALE = 0.1 MM.