Oxychalepus anchora ( Chapuis 1877 )

Staines, C. L., 2010, A review of the genus Oxychalepus Uhmann, 1937 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae), Zootaxa 2573 (1), pp. 35-56 : 38-40

Oxychalepus anchora ( Chapuis 1877)

( Figure 2 )

Odontota anchora Chapuis 1877: 18 [Syntypes: Colombia, La Bas (INSB)]. Uhmann 1965: 257 (types).

Chalepus anchora (Chapuis) . Baly 1885: 79 (redescription); Donckier 1899: 585 (catalog); Blackwelder 1946: 726 (faunal list); Callan 1954: 945 (faunal list); Silva et al. 1985: 36 (museum list).

Chalepus ancora (Chapuis) . Fiusa 1941: 24 (host plant); Guérin 1953: 101 (faunal list).

Chalepus (Xenochalepus) ancora (Chapuis) . Weise 1911a: 48 (note), 1911b: 26 (catalog), 1911c: 39 (catalog); Bruch, 1915: 377 (faunal list), 1928: 203 (faunal list); Lima 1936: 327 (faunal list); Silva 1938: 62 (host plant); Blunck 1954: 365 (host plant).

Chalepus ancora (Chapuis) . Guérin 1953: 101 (faunal list).

Xenochalepus ancora (Chapuis) . Bondar 1929: 180 (biology), 1930a: 47 (biology), 1930b: 171 (biology); Uhmann 1930a: 33 (distribution), 1930b: 249 (distribution), 1930c: 163 (distribution); Carvalho & Carvalho 1939: 55 (faunal list); Silva 1939: 95 (host plant); Schlottfeldt 1944a: 62 (host plant), 1944b: 113 (host plants); Fiusa 1946: 337 (host plant).

Xenochalepus anchora (Chapuis) . Maulik 1937: 137 (host plants); Lima 1955: 211 (faunal list).

Oxychalepus ancora (Chapuis) . Uhmann 1938b: 438 (transfer, redescription); Papp 1953: 84 (catalog).

Oxychalepus anchora (Chapuis) . Uhmann 1953: 169 (pupa), 1957a: 107 (catalog); Monrós & Viana 1947: 248 ( Argentina species); Callan 1954: 945 (faunal list); Maes & Staines 1991: 38 (faunal list); Staines 1996 (1997): 42 ( Nicaragua species); Maes 1998: 1020 (faunal list); Santiago-Blay 2004: 71 (host plants).

Description. Head, antennae, and scutellum black; pronotum yellow, with a medial black band attenuate anteriorly and two narrow black lateral bands; elytra orangish-yellow with black anchor-like marking along suture on basal ½, apical ¼ black; legs black, base of the femora yellow (there are forms with the femora entirely yellow and others with the femora entirely black); venter black, with yellow maculae. Head: with faint medial sulcus; slightly depressed between eyes; vertex alutaceous; frons punctate, not projecting. Antenna: antennomeres 1 and 2 subglobose; 3–4 cylindrical; 5–10 transverse; 11 pointed at apex; 1–4 slightly compressed laterally. Pronotum: trapezoidal, surface covered with sparse, irregularly distributed large punctures, with a shallow longitudinal medial sulcus; lateral margin sinuate, constricted behind head; anterior angle with small tooth; posterior angle rounded; basal impression present; pronotal length 0.9–1.3 mm (n=20); pronotal width 1.3–1.8 mm. Scutellum: subcordate; alutaceous. Elytron: subparallel; lateral margin dentate; apices strongly dentate, individually rounded; with 10 puncture rows; scutellar row absent; intervals 2, 4, and 8 costate for entire length, interval 6 costate at base and apex; elytral length 5.8–6.4 mm; elytral width 2.4–2.9 mm. Venter: pro-, meso-, metasterna, abdominal sterna 1 and 2 orange in center, black laterally; remainder of abdomen entirely black; abdominal sterna with row of punctures at apex. Leg: femur and tibia punctate. Length: 7.4–9.2 mm.

Pupa. (from Uhmann 1953). Color bright brown, darkens with age; length less than that of adult. Head: not tuberculate; vertex with fine setae, 1 near antennal base and 2 nd near anterior margin of pronotum; labrum broadly triangular. Antenna: antennomeres distinct until apex, thickened after antennomere 5. Pronotum: with 3 setae on anterior ½; middle ⅓ with fine setae; basal ⅓ with a pair of strong setae in posterior angles; lateral margin on left with 3 setae, on right with 2 setae. Elytron: with ten rows of distinct punctures; costae distinct; apical margin dentate, with minute punctures each with seta. Venter: abdominal sterna 2–7 with broken transverse ridge and transverse impression in middle; sterna 4–6 with transverse row of six large cone-like setae in middle, setae curved; sternum 7 with transverse row of 8 cone-like setae; sternum 8 with four slender cones, 2 in middle and one in each side angle; sternum 9 with 2 slender cones in each side angle. Leg: with two large setae before apex and short seta on outer margin; ring of 4 setae on apex.

Remarks. This species can be distinguished by the elytra without a scutellar row; by the vertex of the head having a faint medial sulcus; by antennomeres 1 and 2 being subglobose; and by the irregularly punctate disc of the pronotum.

Host plant. Canavalia ensiformis DC , C. spontanea (sic), Dioclea sp. , Cymbosema sp. , Phaseolus sp. (Fabaceae) ( Bondar 1929); Solanum auriculatum Rojas (Solanaceae) ( Maulik 1937); Calopogonium mucunoides ( Silva 1938) ; Glycine max ( Schlottfeldt 1944b) ; Mucuna mutisiana DC (Fabaceae) ( Uhmann 1953).

Distribution. Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad (BWI), and Venezuela.

Specimens examined.?: New Amsterdam (BPBM). Argentina. No further data ( DEI) . Belize. Cayo: El Cayo, 1959 ( USNM) . Bolivia. Cochabinba: Chapas Villa Gral Roman, i.1952 ( USNM) . La Paz: Coroica, Nuasinillo, 12.ii.1949 ( USNM) ; Coroica nr. Yungas, 27.xii.1948 ( USNM) ; Puerto Villa, 4300’, 26.v.1989 ( FSCA) ; Sud Yungas, Ocobaya, Finca Colaya, 1.i.1949 ( USNM) . Santa Cruz: Buena Vista, iii.1954 ( USNM) ; Potrerillos del Guenda res., elev. 1322 ft., 6–12.i.2005 ( UGAC) . Nor. Yungas: La Paz, Pankarani, 17.iv.2007 ( BYUC) . Brazil. No further data ( DEI) .?: Chapada ( USNM) . Bahia: no further data ( BPBM) . Distrito Federal: 8 km W Planaltina , 7.x.1993 ( BPBM) . Mato Grosso: 8 km W Chapada dos Guimarãesi, 27.x.1993 ( BPBM) ; Pq. Mae Bonifica, Cuiba, 1.i.2004 ( BYUC) . Rondonia: 62 km SW Ariquemes , nr. Fzda. Rancho Grande, 30.iii–10.iv.1992 ( FSCA) , 6–15.xii.1990 ( EGRC) ; Rancho Grande, 15.x.1993 ( BPBM) . São Paulo: Jabaquara, 4.ii.1934 ( USNM) ; 10 mi W Sorocaba , 21.ii.1980 ( EGRC) . Colombia.?: La Basa ( INSB) . Cundinamarca: Anapoima, 9.x.1965 ( USNM) ; Fusagasuga, 12.vii.1965 ( USNM) ; Melgar, 11.xi.1965, 12.vii.1965, 8.viii.1965 ( USNM) ; Sassaima, 19.iii.1965 ( USNM) ; Villeta, 19.iii.1965 ( USNM) . Tolima: no further data ( DEI) ; Ibagué ( DEI) ; 10 mi E. Ibaguo, 9.iii.1955 ( CASC) . Honda: Tolima, 18.vi.1965 ( USNM) . Meta: Restrepo, 2.x.1965 ( USNM) ; Villavicencio, ix.85, 18.ix.1965 ( USNM) . Costa Rica. no further data ( DEI) . Cartago: Turrialba ( DEI) . Guanacaste: Lomas Barbudal Res., 16.vii.1969 ( PMNH) . Limón: Hamburg Farm, 5.ix.1922 ( DEI) . Puntarenas: 4 km N Tarcoles , 21–28.xii.1979 ( LACM) ; San José: San José ( DEI) ; 5 km SW San Isidro , 7.viii.1990 ( TAMU) . Ecuador. Dos Rios: Quevedo, 31.viii.2002 ( USNM) . Napo: vic. Puerto Misshuai, 1650–1900 ft., 6–19.ix.1998 ( FSCA) . El Salvador. La Libertad: La Libertad, 10 m, 15.xii.1972 ( FSCA) . San Salvador: Santa Tecla, 9.iv.1957 ( USNM) . Guatemala. Huehuetenango: Concepcion, 1400 ft. ( USNM) . Izabal: Quebradas, v.1919 ( USNM) . Honduras.?: Tegucigalpa, 3.ix.1917 ( USNM) . Morzan: Esc. Agr. Pan., Zamorpano, 2600 ft., 1.vii.1948 ( USNM) . Santa Barbara: vic. Agua Azul, 30.v.1993 ( FSCA) . México. Colima: Colima ( USNM) ; Colima Vulcano ( USNM) . Guerrero: Acapulco, 30.vii, vii.1955 ( USNM) ; 7 mi. W El Ocotito , 16.ix.1989 ( UGAC) . Morelos: Cuernavaca ( USNM) . Tabasco: La Chontalpa, 29.iv.1973 ( USNM) . San Luis Potosi: 37 mi S San Luis Potosi , 23.viii.1981 ( CASC) . Veracruz: Catemaco, 15.viii.1979 ( USNM) ; Cordoba, 12.vi, 3.v.1900, 18.iv.1900 ( USNM) ; Lake Catemaco , 10– 18.vii.1963 ( USNM) . Nicaragua. No further data ( SEAN) . Panamá.?: Los Santos Laboratorio, Los Achetines, 3 km E Verado , 23.vi.1996 ( TAMU) . Bocas del Toro: 1 km S of oil storage facility, SE of Chiriquí Grande, i.15.2000 ( USNM) . Chiriquí: 7 km SE Fortuna Dam , 12.v.1991, 1100 m ( HPSC) ; 25 mi NW David , 13.v.1960 ( USUC) ; Lino ( DEI) ; Plan de Chorcha , 29.v.1993 ( EGRC) . Panamá: Fort Kobbe , 20.vi.1976 ( USNM) , 28.vi.1974 ( FSCA) , 1.xi.1983, 3.xii.1995 ( HPSC) ; Far Fan Spillway, 15.iii.1991 ( HPSC) .

Paraguay. Caazapa: Sierra de Amambay, xi.1929 ( USNM) . Cordillera: Inst. Agro. Nac. Caocape, 17– 20.i.1983 ( EGRC) . Peru. No further data ( DEI) . Loreto: 100 mi NE Iquitos , 20.iii.1969 ( FSCA) ; Jungle Amazon Inn, 30 mi E. Iquitos on Amazon River , 30.xii.1984 – 5.i.1985 ( FSCA) . Trinidad: no further data ( NHRS) . Talparo, 5–24.vii.1989, 7–25.vi.1991 ( FSCA) ; 3.3 mi SSW Talparo, 21.vi.1991 ( FSCA) . Venezuela. Aragua: Rancho Grande, Estacion Aragua, vii.1941 ( USNM) . Bolívar: Cuidad Bolívar, 28.viii.1898 ( USNM) . Mérida: Mérida, 1700–2300 m, xi.1960 ( DEI) . Monagas: 60 km SE Matuin , 1.vii.1958 ( LACM) . Total : 150 .

Figures

FIGURES 1–4. Habitus of Oxychalepus species. 1. Oxychalepus alienus. 2. Oxychalepus anchora. 3. Oxychalepus angulatus. 4. Oxychalepus balyanus.