Pristaulacus gloriator ( Fabricius, 1804 )

Published, First, 2007, Revision of the Palaearctic species of Pristaulacus Kieffer, 1900 (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae), Zootaxa 1433, pp. 1-76 : 44-46

Pristaulacus gloriator ( Fabricius, 1804)

( Figs. 12, 32, 52, 72, 116)

Bassus gloriator Fabricius, 1804: 99 (♀).

Ichneumon gloriator: Thunberg, 1822: 269 .

Aulacus flagellatus Nees von Esenbeck, 1834: 305 (♀).

Aulacus Erichsonii Westwood, 1841: 537 (♂).

Aulacus fasciatus Kriechbaumer, 1883: 143 (♂).

Pristaulacus gloriator: Kieffer, 1912: 383 .

Pristaulacus gloriator: Hedicke, 1939: 10 .

Aulacostethus gloriator: Györfi, 1964: 51 .

Pristaulacus holzschuhi Madl, 1990a: 114 (♂) (syn. nov.).

Pristaulacus gloriator: Smith, 2001: 286 .

Pristaulacus holzschuhi: Smith, 2001: 287 .

Material examined. GERMANY: holotype ♀ of Aulacus Erichsonii Westwood, 1841 labelled “ Berlin, Erichson S./11510/Type/ Erichsoni Westw./Zool. Mus. Berlin ” ( ZMHB) ; Lake Liepnitz , 10.VII.1930, 1♀, S.G. Bischoff leg. ( ZMHB) ; Germany , 1♀ ( ZMUC) ; Mark Brandbg. Eberswalde, Britz, nördl Britz , 6.VII.1994, 611, 1♀, DEI leg. ( DEI) ; Mark Brandbg. Eberswalde, Chorin , “Mooskuten”, 29.VI.1994, 914, 1♀, DEI leg. ( DEI) ; Mark Brandbg. Eberswalde , Gr. Ziethen Soll, nördl Gr. Ztn., 29.VI.1994, 8, 2♀, DEI leg. ( DEI) ; Dauerleihe, Museum Annaberg , coll. Lange, 2♂ ( DEI) ; Kalkh. (hardly readable), 11.VII.1900, 1♀, coll. Konow ( DEI) ; Brandenburg, Angermünde, Luisenfelde, Langer Berg. , 27.VI.1998, 1♀, Malaise trap, DEI leg. ( DEI) ; Kuffhäuser, Süd-hänge , 27.V.1958, 1♂, K. Ermisch leg ( DEI) ; environs of Eberswalde, Schillerstrasse 2, Fensgerlang , 15.V.1992, 1♂, J. Oehlke leg. ( DEI) ; Gartz, Triepke , 1♀ ( ZMHB) ; Kalkhorst , 30.VII.(18)90, 1♀ ( ZMHB) . AUSTRIA: Oberösterreich, Linz-Urfahr, Urfahr-wänd , 28.V.1999, 1♂, Martin Schwarz leg. ( OLML) ; Mt. Tiroli, Maun , 2003, 1♀, ex larva, M. Egger leg. ( OLML) ; Tschek , 1872, 1♂, Piesting ( USNM) ; FRANCE: Digne , 1924, 1♀, 2♂, A. Seyrig ( MNHN) ; Serres Iuine , 1♂, coll. J. De Gaulle, 1919 ( MNHN) . SLOVENIA: Karst, St. Canzian , 450 m, 29.V.1911, 1♀, Schumacher-Spaney S.V. ( ZMHB) . CROATIA: Plitvicka Jezera , 21–26.VII.1929, 1♀ ( ZMHB) . ITALY: Piedmont, environs of Torino , V.1975, 2♂, ex larva, from wood, R. Mourglia leg. ( MSNP, MRSN) ; Bozen (= Bolzano ), VI.25, 1♀, L. Kupka ( DEI) ; Bozen , VI.(18)96, 1♀, coll. Ohlenberg ( DEI) ; Latium, Colli Albani, Cecchina, loc. Poggio Ameno , m 280, 25.VI.1988, 1♀, M. Comba leg. ( DBAC) . GREECE: Metsovon ( Joannina ), m 1200, 8.VII.1985, 1♀, Casale leg. ( MRSN) . AZERBAIJAN: Caucasus, Talysh, Talysh Avearut , V.1993, 1♀, from larva of Paraclytus reitteri, Shamaev leg. ( ZIN) . GEORGIA: Caucasus, Borzhomi, Barzhem , Tifl. (isskoi) gub.(ernii), 16.VI.(19)09, 1♂, A. Bykov leg. ( ZIN) . 1♀ coll. Magretti (without data) ( MCSN) . RUSSIA: Novorossjisk , 1♀, coll. Konow ( DEI) ; Novorossjisk , 1♀ ( ZMHB) . IRAN: holotype ♂ of Pristaulacus holzschuhi Madl, 1990 , labelled “Iran, Guilan, 1300 m, 70 km NW Bandar-e-Pahlavi, Assalem , 5– 11.5.1975, leg. Holzschuh & Ressl /e.l. 5.3.1976, ex Paraclytus reitteri Gglb. , in Alnus / Pristaulacus holzschuhi n.sp., det. Madl 1990, ♂ ” ( NMW) . Without geographic data: 1♀ ( HNHM) ; 1♀, coll. Schmiedeknecht ( ZMHB) .

Records from literature. Fabricius (1804), Nees von Esenbeck (1834), Westwood (1841, 1844), Kirchner (1867), Schletterer (1889), Kokujev (1910), Maidl (1923), Györfi (1964), Oehlke (1983, 1984), Pagliano (1986), Kozlov (1988), Madl (1988, 1990), Šedivý & Č apek (1988), Schwarz (1994).

Type locality. “Habitat in Germ. Dom. Smidt.” ( Fabricius 1804).

Notes on type material. The type material of Bassus gloriator consists of two females, both stored in the collection of I.C. Fabricius ( ZMUC); one of which is the lectotype (not examined) designated by Oehlke

(1983), the other one belongs to Aulacus striatus Jurine, 1807 as stated by Oehlke (1983).

Redescription. ♀. Length (excluding ovipositor): 12.9 mm; fore wing length: 10.1 mm.

Colour black, except: mandible, with base and apex blackish and median part reddish; maxillo-labial complex brown, with articles 4–6 of maxillary palpus lighter; antenna blackish with A1 extensively red orange; trochanters blackish brown; fore femur and tibia red orange; hind femur dark red orange; hind tibia dark brown; tarsi light yellow orange; wings hyaline with veins and stigma brown; fore wing with a moderately wide brown spot below stigma, wider than half length of stigma, reaching middle part of SM2; apex of fore wing extensively infuscate; metasoma with segments 1–4 red orange, with apex and petiole blackish. Setae: whitish, except yellow gold on mandible.

Head ( Figs. 12, 32), from above, 1.36x wider than long, weakly shiny except frons, dull; occipital margin straight; temple, from above, well developed, 0.8x as long as eye length, moderately convergent posteriorly and weakly convex; occipital carina narrow, cerciniform, 0.2x diameter of an ocellus; POL:OOL= 1.0; ocellar area 2.0x wider than long; frons transverse carinulate with coarse, deep, and dense punctures (distance between punctures 1–2x diameter of a puncture); vertex and temple with less coarse and scattered punctures; clypeus polished with coarse, deep, and moderately dense punctures; malar area weakly striolate punctate; occipital area polished; mandible polished and shiny, with coarse and deep punctures on base and in middle; antenna length 0.9x fore wing length; A3 6.3x longer than wide; A4 11.8x longer than wide, and 1.7x longer than A3; A5 10.8x longer than wide, and 1.4x longer than A3; following antennomeres progressively shorter, the apical one strongly compressed dorsoventrally, with apex rounded, 2.0x longer than wide. Setae: erect or semierect, short, and moderately dense on most of frons, on vertex, and on temple; recumbent, long, and moderately dense on lower and lateral parts of frons, and on clypeus; recumbent, short, and moderately dense on malar area; semierect, short, and scattered on A1; setae length of temple 0.7–0.8x diameter of an ocellus.

Mesosoma ( Fig. 52) coarsely sculptured; pronotum extensively transverse carinate, except on lateroventral margins, areolate rugose to rugulose; lateroventral margins of pronotum regularly rounded, without teeth; propleuron polished and weakly shiny or dull, with coarse, deep, and very dense punctures (distance between punctures 1x or less diameter of a puncture); prescutum triangular, not concave, polished, with coarse, deep, and dense punctures; mesoscutum transverse carinate, with anterior margin, in lateral view, regularly rounded; notaulus moderately deep and narrow; scutellum transverse carinate in middle, irregularly rugulose on posterolateral corners; mesepimeron areolate rugose; mesepisternum extensively and densely foveolate rugulose; metanotum irregularly carinate, except in middle; propodeum irregularly areolate rugose; ventral parts of mesosoma extensively rugulose foveolate; fore wing with vein 2-rs+m long; fore coxa polished and shiny, with fine, superficial, and scattered punctures; mid coxa dull, transverse carinulate, with moderately coarse, deep, and moderately dense punctures; hind coxa ( Fig. 72) shiny, transverse carinate, with scattered carinae on dorsal surface, dull, transverse striolate, with moderately coarse, deep, and dense punctures on ventral surface (distance between punctures about 2x diameter of a puncture); trochanters shiny, with regular, moderately coarse, deep, and dense punctures, less dense on fore trochanter; fore and mid femora dull on dorsal surface, weakly shiny on ventral surface; hind femur dull; fore and mid femora with moderately coarse, deep, and very dense punctures, less dense on ventral surface; hind femur uniformly transverse striolate, with coarse, deep, and very dense punctures; spurs of mid tibia of same length; inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur; hind basitarsus 10.3x longer than wide, and 1.2x longer than tarsomeres 2–5; claw with four well-developed teeth. Setae: erect, short, and scattered on dorsal surface, semierect or recumbent, longer, and more dense on lateral and ventral parts; erect, long, and scattered on hind surface of propodeum; erect, moderately long, and dense on propleuron, with setae length 0.6–0.7x fore pretarsus length; erect, or semierect, long, and moderately dense on coxae, less dense on dorsal surface of hind coxa; erect, short, and moderately dense on trochanters; recumbent, short, and dense on dorsal surface of fore and mid femora, erect, and scattered on ventral surface, and slightly longer on fore femur; semierect or recumbent, short, and dense on hind femur.

Metasoma moderately compressed laterally, pyriform in lateral view; petiole elongate, slender, 3.5x longer than wide, with coarse, deep, and scattered punctures; segments 1 and 2 polished and shiny; following segments with fine, superficial, and moderately dense punctures, less dense on T3; S7 with moderately coarse, deep, and very dense punctures; T8 with poorly defined punctures; ovipositor 1.3x longer than fore wing length; valvula 3 of ovipositor with apex acute. Setae: segments 1 and 2 glabrous; recumbent, moderately long, and dense on following segments, less dense on T3.

ď. Length: 14.2 mm; fore wing length: 10.1 mm. Colour, structure, and setae like ♀, except: antenna as long as fore wing length; A3 3.2x longer than wide; A4 5.9x longer than wide, and 1.9x longer than A3; A5 5.9x longer than wide, and 1.8x longer than A3; hind basitarsus 9.7x longer than wide; petiole 4.0x longer than wide; metasomal segments 1 and 2 polished, shiny, and glabrous except distal margin of T2; following tergites with regular, fine, superficial, and moderately dense punctures, and recumbent, moderately long, and dense setae.

Intraspecific variation. Examined: 25♀, 13♂. Length: 10.2–15.0 mm (♀); 9.5–14.2 mm (♂); fore wing length: 8.5–11.8 mm (♀), 8.2–10.1 mm (♂); ovipositor: 1.2–1.4x longer than fore wing length. The colouration has little variability (e.g., dark spots on fore wings). Sculpture of the body may be more or less developed.

Distribution. Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany, Hungary, Austria, Romania, European and central Russia, Italy, Yugoslavia Albania, Greece (*), Turkey, Iran.

Remarks. This is one of the most common Pristaulacus species in central Europe, but it has a scattered distribution in the Mediterranean countries. It is newly recorded for Greece. Pristaulacus gloriator is easily identified by the presence of a narrow occipital carina, a rugulose frons, pronotum without teeth, four teeth on the inner margin of claw, and light yellow tarsi.

Pristaulacus holzschuhi Madl, 1990 (type locality: “ Iran, Guilan, 1300 m, 70 km NW Bandar-e-Pahlavi, Assalem ”; Madl 1990a) was described from one specimen (♂, preserved in NMW). The examination of this type allows establishment that this taxon is a synonym of P. gloriator (syn. nov.), for the congruence of numerous important characters: a) shape, sculpture and pubescence of head; b) width of the occipital carina; c) index length/width of antennomeres; d) shape and sculpture of mesosoma; e) lateroventral margin of pronotum without tooth; f) shape and sculpture of hind coxa; and h) chromatic pattern.

The examination of the holotype of Aulacus Erichsonii Westwood, 1841 (type locality: “ Berlin ”, ZMHB), allow me to confirm the synonymy previously established by Oehlke (1983), for the congruence of the chromatic patterns and especially of the characters of exoskeleton of A. erichsonii with P. gloriator .

Biology. Hosts: Callidium violaceum (Linnaeus, 1758) , Chlorophorus figuratus (Scopoli, 1763) , Paraclytus reitteri (Ganglbauer, 1881) (Cerambycidae) ( Madl 1990a); Dicerca berolinensis (Herbst, 1779) , Chrysobothris igniventris Reitter, 1895 (Buprestidae) (Č apek et al. 1982; Šedivý & Č apek 1988).