Pseudosaldula bruesi (Drake) Plate
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1206/323.1 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E9747-FFC8-FFE7-FCC1-F7A3BB5B3F74 |
treatment provided by |
Felipe |
scientific name |
Pseudosaldula bruesi (Drake) Plate |
status |
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Pseudosaldula bruesi (Drake) Plate View in CoL 2; figures 1 View Fig , 8 View Fig ; map 5 View Map 5
Pentacora bruesi Drake, 1949: 187 (n. sp.).
Pentacora amazona Drake, 1955: 154 (n. sp.). NEW SYNONYMY.
Pentacora bucayana Drake, 1955: 157 (n. sp.). NEW SYNONYMY.
Pentacora pillaona : Drake, 1955: 156 (n. sp.). NEW SYNONYMY..
Oreokora amazona : Drake, 1962: 122 (n. comb.).
Oreokora bucayana : Drake, 1962: 122 (n. comb.).
Oreokora pillaona : Drake, 1962: 123 (n. comb.).
Pseudosaldula pilloana View in CoL : Schuh et al., 1987:316 (cat. [lapsus]).
Pseudosaldua bruesi : Schuh et al., 1987: 315 (n. comb., cat.).
DIAGNOSIS: Macropterous or brachypterous; hemelytra highly polished except apical one-fifth of exocorium, anterior two-thirds of endocorium, and entire clavus dull (area of claval commissure also polished); vestiture of dorsum—including veins of membrane— composed of long, reclining dark simple setae intermixed with recumbent, golden, shining setae. Extensive hemelytral polishing restrict- ed to P. andensis and P. bruesi , but exocorium entirely polished in P. andensis , whereas exocorium with dull area medially along radial vein in P. bruesi ; membrane in brachypterous specimens of P. andensis completely polished and shining, whereas only veins of membrane polished in P. bruesi ; cells of membrane always coalesced and partially obscured in brachypterous forms of P. andensis , whereas all five cells always visible in P. bruesi .
REDESCRIPTION: Male: Total length 3.71, width pronotum 1.38. COLORATION (pl. 2): Hemelytron ranging from almost entirely dark, with cells sometimes partially transparent, to largely pale with only clavus, extreme base of corium, and a few small markings on corium dark; antennal segments 1 and 2 pale to weakly darkened, segments 3 and 4 more strongly darkened; legs, including coxae, largely pale, apex of foretibia with a contrasting, narrow, brown band. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (pl. 2): Clavus, basal two-thirds of endocorium, and apical one-fifth of exocorium dull, dull areas with some pale, weakly pruinose spots. Vestiture of dorsum—including veins of membrane—composed of moderately long, reclining, dark simple setae intermixed with recumbent, golden, shining setae. STRUCTURE (pl. 2): Macropterous forms elongate ovoid, brachypterous forms teardrop shaped, broadest at about level of apex of claval commissure in brachypterous forms. Thorax: Pronotum with lateral margins weakly to moderately convexly rounded. Hemelytra: Membrane of forewing with five distinct cells in both macropterous and brachypterous forms. GENITALIA ( figs. 1 View Fig , 2 View Fig , 8 View Fig ): Parandria: Inner sclerotized margin smoothly rounded; posterior margin weakly curving. Parameres: Processus sensualis with 10–15 setae.
Female (pl. 2): Total length 3.97, width pronotum 1.46. COLORATION (pl. 2): As in male; subgenital plate sometimes narrowly transparent apically. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (pl. 2): As in male. STRUCTURE: Abdomen: See generic description. GENITALIA: See generic description.
HABITAT DATA AND ALTITUDINAL RANGE: Known to occur at altitudes between 1750– 3540 meters, with the majority of records above 2700 meters. Available habitat data indicate many specimens were collected on relatively permanent substrates, including seeps and the margins of small lakes. Nonetheless, some specimens have been taken on sandy river margins and in wet areas along roadsides.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ecuador and northern Peru.
DISCUSSION: Drake (1962) treated P. bruesi as a junior synonym of P. andensis . Although these two nominal species share many features in common, including those of the parandria, and share partially overlapping distributions, we are treating them as separate because of what we believe to be constant character differences between them, as detailed in the diagnoses and descriptions.
Comparison of the holotypes of bruesi Drake , amazona Drake , and pillaona Drake and many other specimens indicates that the three are synonymous, bruesi having priority.
The nominal species Pentacora bucayana is known from only two specimens, the macropterous female holotype and a distinctly brachypterous female paratype, both from the same locality. Pseudosaldula bucayana is most similar in general appearance to P. bruesi by virtue of having the lateral corial margin (embolium) polished and shining. Pseudosaldula bucayana appears to have the dorsum clothed with relatively short, dark, reclining, common setae mixed with golden, shining, recumbent setae, although both known specimens of P. bucayana are rather badly rubbed. In the known specimens of P. bucayana there is no visible pruinosity; in this regard, and the shape of the pronotum, P. bucayana has an appearance of P. bruesi , and we therefore treat them as synonymous.
HOLOTYPE: submacropterous female, ‘‘ Metucana , Peru, June–July, 1913, 7300 ft, CT Brues; Gift of C. T. Brues ; Holotype Pentacora bruesi Drake ; M. C. Z. holotype 28266.’’ Deposited in the AMNH .
HOLOTYPES OF SYNONYMS: Pseudosaldula amazona (Drake) : macropterous male, ‘‘ Peru, S. A., July 19, 1936, F. Woytkowski; Dept. Amazonas, San Indelfonso, Rio Utcubrmba [sic]; Type Pentacora amazona Drake. Deposited in KU. Pseudosaldula pillaona (Drake) : macropterous female, ‘‘Pillao, Peru, Dept. Huanuco, II.16.48, 2700 m, a.s.l., Felix Woytkowski; Type Pentacora pillaona Drake. ’’ Deposited in KU. Pentacora bucayana Drake : macropterous female, ‘‘F. X. Williams, Bucay, Ecuador, October 16, 1923; Type Pentacora bucayana Drake ; deposited in KU.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ECUADOR: Chimborazo: Bucay, 2.167 ° S 79.1 ° W, 603 m, 16 Oct 1923, F. X. Williams, Holotype, 1♀ (SEMC). PERU: Amazonas: San Ildelfonso, Rio Utcubamba, 6.6333 ° S 77.7167 ° W, 2471 m, 19 Jul 1936, F. Woytkowski, Holotype, 13 (SEMC). Ancash: 15 km N of Huaraz, 9.3978 ° S 77.53333 ° W, 2780 m, 14 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 3♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023852–AMNH_ENT 000- 23854) (JTPC). 70 km E of Casma, 9.44942 ° S 77.6588 ° W, 1750 m, 16 Jan 1976, R.T. and
J.C. Schuh, 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00022719) (AMNH). Blw Punta Callan to W, 9.55651 ° S 77.72776 ° W, 2920 m, 16 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 23 (AMNH_ ENT 00020086, AMNH_ENT 00023308), 2♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023310, AMNH_ENT 00023311), 5 nymphs (AMNH_ENT 00023951), 183 (AMNH_ENT 00022662–AMNH_ENT 00022679), 28♀ (AMNH_ENT 00022632– AMNH_ENT 00022659) (AMNH). 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023850) (JTPC). 2♀ (AMNH_ ENT 00022660, AMNH_ENT 00022661) (IMLA). Blw Punta Callan to W, 9.55893 ° S 77.7098 ° W, 3540 m, 16 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 13 (AMNH_ENT 00023307), 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023309), 33 (AMNH_ ENT 00022716–AMNH_ENT 00022718) (AMNH). 13 (AMNH_ENT 00023847) (JTPC). Btwn Huaraz and Punta Callan, 9.56033 ° S 77.5729 ° W, 3440 m, 16 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 33 (AMNH_ENT 00023844–AMNH_ENT 00023846) (JTPC). Cajamarca: 1 km W of Namora, nr Cajamarca, 7.2 ° S 78.34244 ° W, 2720 m, 19 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 33 (AMNH_ ENT 00022711–AMNH_ENT 00022713), 2♀ (AMNH_ENT 00022714, AMNH_ENT 00022715) (AMNH). 10 km ESE of Llacanora, near Cajamarca, Laguna Suluscocha, 7.23458 ° S 78.34918 ° W, 2850 m, 19 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 53 (AMNH_ENT 00022706–AMNH_ENT 00022710) (AMNH). 2 km W of Llacanora, nr Cajamarca, 7.20943 ° S 78.44278 ° W, 2530 m, 19 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 1♀ (AMNH_ ENT 00022705) (AMNH). above San Juan en route to Cajamarca, 7.25905 ° S 78.48961 ° W, 2620 m, 17 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00022720) (AMNH). Huanuco: Pillao, 9.6667 ° S 75.9667 ° W, 2700 m, 16 Feb 1948, F. Woytkowski, Holotype, 1♀ (SEMC). La Libertad: 20 km NE of Huamachuco, Laguna Cahuadan , 7.78134 ° S 78.03169 ° W, 3000 m, 20 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023855) (JTPC). 25 km S of Cajabamba, 7.6748 ° S 78.03022 ° W, 3000 m, 20 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023312) (AMNH). Lima: Matucana, 11.852 ° S 76.4 ° W, 2225 m, 01 Jul 1913, C. T. Brues, Holotype, 1♀ (AMNH). above Canta, 11.47401 ° S 76.61874 ° W, 3000 m, 28 Jan 1976, R.T. Schuh, 13 (AMNH_ENT
00023306), 163 (AMNH_ENT 00022687– AMNH_ENT 00022702), 6♀ (AMNH_ENT 00022681–AMNH_ENT 00022686) (AMNH). 23 (AMNH_ENT 00022703, AMNH_ENT 00022704) (EELM). 23 (AMNH_ENT 00023848, AMNH_ENT 00023849), 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023851) (JTPC). km 99 Carretera Central E Lima, Rio Rimac, 12.00692 ° S 76.82817 ° W, 3300 m, 14 Nov 1971, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 23 (AMNH_ ENT 00023301, AMNH_ENT 00023302), 3♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023303–AMNH_ENT 00023305), 283 (AMNH_ENT 00022580– AMNH_ENT 00022607), 14♀ (AMNH_ ENT 00022614–AMNH_ENT 00022627) (AMNH). 23 (AMNH_ENT 00022610, AMNH_ENT 00022611), 2♀ (AMNH_ENT 00022628, AMNH_ENT 00022629) (EELM). 23 (AMNH_ENT 00023842, AMNH_ENT 00023843), 3♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023856– AMNH_ENT 00023858) (JTPC). 23 (AMNH_ ENT 00022612, AMNH_ENT 00022613) (IMLA). 23 (AMNH_ENT 00022608, AMNH_ ENT 00022609), 2♀ (AMNH_ENT 00022630, AMNH_ENT 00022631) (USNM).
Pseudosaldula chilensis (Blanchard) Plates 3, 6, 7C–F; figures 1 View Fig , 2 View Fig , 9–11 View Fig View Fig View Fig ; map 6 View Map 6
Acanthia chilensis Blanchard, 1852: 225 (n. sp.).
Acanthia rogeri Kirkaldy, 1899: 92 (n. sp.). NEW SYNONYMY.
Acanthia araucanica Kirkaldy, 1899: 93 (n. sp.). (Syn. by Drake 1962:121).
Pentacora angusta Drake and Carvalho, 1948: 473 (n. sp.). NEW SYNONYMY.
Saldula araucanica : Drake and Carvalho, 1948: 474 (n. comb.).
Saldula rogeri : Drake and Hoberlandt, 1951: 10 (n. comb.).
Pentacora araucanica : Drake, 1955: 152 (n. comb.).
Pentacora regilla Drake, 1955: 155 (n. sp.). NEW SYNONYMY.
Pentacora rogeri : Drake, 1955: 152 (n. comb.).
Pseudosaldula rogeri View in CoL : Cobben, 1961: 98 (n. comb.).
Oreokora regilla : Drake, 1962: 122 (n. comb.).
Oreokora rogeri : Drake, 1962: 122 (n. comb.).
Oreokora angusta : Drake, 1962: 122 (n. comb.).
Pseudosaldula chilensis View in CoL : Schuh et al., 1987: 315 (n. comb., cat.).
DIAGNOSIS: Macropterous or submacropterous; recognized by the contrasting black stripe on at least fore- and middle tibiae, the two black stripes on antennal segment 1, and the hemelytra uniformly dull with appressed golden setae and short recumbent black setae. Black stripe lateroventrally on antennal segment 1 similar to condition found in P. penai and P. salina , but P. chilensis differing from those species by the presence of a black stripe also dorsomedially on antennal segment 1, and further differing from P. salina by that species having only short black setae on the dorsum. The short vestiture and dull surface of hemelytra similar to condition found in P. bergi and P. vulgaris , but shining golden setae virtually absent on hemelytra in P. bergi . Dorsum in P. pilosa entirely dull, but almost exclusively with long, erect, shaggy setae in contrast to P. chilensis .
REDESCRIPTION: Male: Total length 3.50, width pronotum 1.33. COLORATION (pl. 3): Hemelytron largely dark, with cells of membrane and some areas of corium weakly pale; exocorium frequently with a yellow-white quadrate maculation subbasally and less frequently with a distinct pale macula subapically; antennal segment 1 pale laterally and medially, black dorsally and ventrally, segments 2–4 black or nearly so; coxae largely dark, femora and tibiae pale laterally, femora dark on dorsal surface, tibiae dark on dorsal surface; apex of foretibia with a contrasting, dark, narrow band. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (pl. 3; fig. 9C–E View Fig ): Hemelytron dull except narrowly along claval commissure, with several distinct pruinose spots. Vestiture of dorsum composed of dull, reclining, dark, relatively short, simple setae intermixed with numerous golden, shining setae; most veins of membrane devoid of setae. STRUCTURE ( figs. 9–11 View Fig View Fig View Fig ): Known from macropterous and submacropterous forms, body in most specimens elongate ovoid, broadest at midpoint. Thorax: Pronotum with lateral margins nearly straight, distinctly angled anteriorly. Hemelytra: Membrane of forewing always with five fully-formed cells. GENITALIA ( figs. 1 View Fig , 2 View Fig , 9G–I View Fig , 11E View Fig ) Parandria: Inner sclerotized margin straight, angled posterolaterally; posterior margin elongate, angled laterally, convex medially. Parameres: Processus sensualis with 10–15 setae.
Female (pl. 3): Total length 4.11, width pronotum 1.57. COLORATION (pl. 3): As in male; apex of subgenital plate usually broadly pale. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (pl. 3; 9C–E): As in male. STRUCTURE: Abdomen: See generic description. GENITALIA: See generic description.
HABITAT DATA AND ALTITUDINAL RANGE: Known to occur at altitudes between 4– 3900 meters, with the majority of records at elevations below 500 meters in south central and southern Chile. Available habitat data indicate specimens were collected in more temporary habitats than is the case for most other Pseudosaldula spp ., including the margins of roads and highways, mud, sand, and gravel stream and lake margins. Most of these environments included vegetative cover of no more than 30%, although a few collection localities involved the occurrence of P. chilensis on seeps, which had vegetative cover and usually represent a more stable and permanent environment.
DISTRIBUTION: Jujuy Province in northern Argentina, south throughout Chile to the eastern tip of Tierra del Fuego, with a few records available from the eastern Andean foothills in Patagonian Argentina.
DISCUSSION: This is the most widespread and most commonly collected species of Pseudosaldula , possibly in part because it occupies a rather broad range of habitats and is one of the few species that occurs in relatively temporary or periodically disturbed habitats. This adaptability agrees with the fact that all of the more than 1000 specimens we have examined are either macropterous or submacropterous, in contrast to most—although not all—of the other species. Furthermore, the wide distribution of this species has resulted in its capture by general collectors to a much greater degree than the other species. Thus, even though this species shows very little variation in degree of pigmentation of the hemelytra (pl. 3) compared to most other species of Pseudosaldula , its widespread occurrence probably also accounts for the rather large number of junior synonyms associated with the name chilensis .
We have examined the macropterous male holotype of Acanthia chilensis Blanchard , deposited in the Natural History Museum, Paris.
Kirkaldy (1899) noted that specimens of rogeri were deposited in his collection and that of the Perth Museum, indicating that he saw more than one specimen. Cobben (1961) designated a lectotype for Acanthia rogeri Kirkaldy ; it is deposited in The Natural History Museum, London. Cobben compared this specimen with a specimen labeled as the ‘‘type’’ of Acanthia araucanica Kirkaldy , and concluded that the two were synonymous. However, he did not believe that the specimen labeled as araucanica was actually one of those examined by Kirkaldy, based on his reading of Kirkaldy’s original description. Because the BM specimen bears the label ‘‘ Acanthia araucanica Kirk. TYPE’’ in what we judge to be Kirkaldy’s handwriting, and because we have been able to find no other specimens that appear to pertain to araucanica , we are treating it as the type, as indicated below. We agree with Cobben that araucanica and rogeri are synonyms and that both are junior synonyms of chilensis , the synonymy of araucanica and chilensis also being in accordance with the observations of Drake (1962).
Further comparison of the types of regilla Drake and angusta Drake indicates that both are synonymous with the concept of chilensis that we have defined above.
HOLOTYPE: Female: ‘‘Museum Paris. Chili Gay. 15–43.’’ ‘‘Type.’’ ‘‘ Lectotype Acanthia chilensis Blanch. ’’ ‘‘ Acanthia chilensis Bl. Type.’’ Deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Paris.
TYPES OF SYNONYMS: Lectotype Acanthia araucanica Kirkaldy : macropterous female, ‘‘Type; Mendosa, Reed, 1870; Pres. by Perth Museum. B.M. 1953-629; Acanthia araucanica Kirk. TYPE; Pseudosaldula rogeri
(Kirk.), det. R. H. Cobben 1961.; Acanthia araucanica Kirkaldy , LECTOTYPE, det. R. T. Schuh and J. T. Polhemus.’’ Deposited in the BMNH. Pentacora regilla Drake :? macropterous male, ‘‘Puerto Puyuhuapi, Süd-Chile, leg. H. Schwabe; W 31 unten, 23.12.37; Type Pentacora regilla Drake ; C. J. Drake Coll. 1956.’’ Deposited in the USNM. Lectotype Acanthia rogeri Kirkaldy : macropterous female, ‘‘ Chile, Reed; Pres. by Perth Museum. B.M. 1953-629; Acanthia rogeri Kirk. 1899 TYPE; Lectotype Pseudosaldula rogeri (Kirk.) R. H. Cobben 1961 .’’ Deposited in the BMNH. Pentacora angusta Drake : macropterous male, ‘‘ Rio Negro, Argentina; C. J. Drake Coll. 1956; Holotype Drake.’’ Deposited in the USNM.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA: Catamarca: La Banderita, 22 Nov 1951, N. Kormilev, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023869 View Materials ) ( MACN). Chubut: 108 km W of Rio Mayo, 45.56 ° S 71.26 ° W, 720 m, 21 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020893 View Materials ) ( AMNH). El Hoyo, 42.08 ° S 71.49 ° W, 230 m, 24 Apr 1963, A. Kovacs, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021170 View Materials ) ( AMNH). N shore of Lago Puela, 42.04 ° S 71.59 ° W, 160 m, 15 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023930 View Materials ), 3 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023930 View Materials ), 123 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020669 View Materials – AMNH _ENT 000- 20680), 8♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020681 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00020684 View Materials – AMNH _ENT 000- 20690) ( AMNH). 2♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 20682, AMNH _ ENT 00020683 View Materials ) ( EELM). Jujuy: 12 km NE of Iturbe, 22.91 ° S 65.27 ° W, 1670 m, 15 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023605 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 15 km NW of Abra Pampa, 22.51666 ° S 65.86666 ° W, 3920 m, 14 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh, J. T. Polhemus, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020897 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 16 km S of Tres Cruces, 22.97666 ° S 65.479 ° W, 3580 m, 11 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020896 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 20 km S of Yoscaba, stream flowing into Lago Pozuelos, 22.26666 ° S 66.03333 ° W, 3710 m, 14 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020874 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 7 km E of Cienaguillas, betw LaQuica / Cienaguillas, 22.1 ° S 65.8 ° W, 3750 m, 14 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020900 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 9 km E of Iturbe, 22.21666 ° S 65.16666 ° W, 3460 m, 15 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh, J. T. Polhemus, 43 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023297 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023300 View Materials ), 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020882 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00020883 View Materials ), 4♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020878 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020881 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020876 View Materials ) ( IMLA). Cienaga Grande, near S end of Lago Pozuelos, 22.45 ° S 66.01666 ° W, 3740 m, 14 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh and J. T. Polhemus, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020895 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Cuesta de Lipan , 28 km W of Parmamarca on Rt 52, 23.6815 ° S 65.62666 ° W, 3825 m, 16 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020898 View Materials ) ( AMNH). along river just N of Yavi, 22.13333 ° S 65.45 ° W, 3500 m, 13 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020873 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Neuquen: 51 km S of San Martin de los Andes, 44.45 ° S 70.43 ° W, 800 m, 12 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023911 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023911 View Materials ), 103 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020725 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020728 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00020731 View Materials – AMNH _ENT 000- 20736), 6♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020729 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020730 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00020737 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020740 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 53 km S of San Martin de los Andes, Rio Pichi Traful , 40.32 ° S 71.38 ° W, 790 m, 12 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023979 View Materials ), 253 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020691 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020715 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020716 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 4♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020717 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020720 View Materials ) ( MACN). 4♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020721 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020724 View Materials ) ( IMLA). Lago Lacar, Pucara, 40.18333 ° S 71.5 ° W, 1100 m, 09 Jan 1954, N. Kormilev, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023863 View Materials ) ( USNM). Nahuel Huapi, 41.05 ° S 71.15 ° W, 880 m, 11 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020889 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00020890 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020891 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020887 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00020888 View Materials ) ( IMLA). Rio Negro: 47 km N of El Bolson, Rio Villegos , 41.59 ° S 71.5 ° W, 640 m, 15 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 63 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020786 View Materials – AMNH _ENT 000- 20791) ( AMNH). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 000- 20792), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020793 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020795 View Materials ) ( MACN). Black Glacier, El Tronador, 41.17 ° S 71.79 ° W, 914 m, 05 Apr 1974, M.S. Polhemus, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023318 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023319 View Materials ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023320 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023321 View Materials ), 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021168 View Materials ) ( JTPC). Lago Nahuel Huapi, Brazo Blest, 41.09 ° S 71.14 ° W, 640 m, 04 Apr 1974, M.S. Polhemus, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021164 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021165 View Materials ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021166 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021167 View Materials ) ( JTPC). Norquinco, 41.85 ° S 70.9 ° W, 900 m, 23 Dec 1963, A. Kovacs, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021171 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021172 View Materials ) ( AMNH). unknown, 01 Jan 1900, Unknown, Paratype of Junior Synonym, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023861 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023862 View Materials ) ( USNM). Salta: 17 km W of Santa Victoria, 22.2 ° S 65.06 ° W, 3488 m, 13 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 43 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023293 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023296 View Materials ), 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020884 View Materials ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020885 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00020886 View Materials ) ( AMNH). just NW of Santa Rosa de Tastil on Rt 51, 24.4415 ° S 65.96683 ° W, 3215 m, 18 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh and J. T. Polhemus, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020899 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Tierra del Fuego: Lago Fagnano, 54.63333 ° S 68 ° W, 200 m, 23 Jan 1962, S. Coscaron, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023644 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023645 View Materials ) ( SEMC). Tucuman: 16 km W of Tafi del Valle on Rt 307, 26.7685 ° S 65.73083 ° W, 2900 m, 21 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh and J. T. Polhemus, 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023924 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23924), 1 nymph ( AMNH _ ENT 00023924 View Materials ), 53 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020863 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020864 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00020866 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020868 View Materials ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020- 869 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020871 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020861 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00020862 View Materials ) ( IMLA). 8 km W of Tafi del Valle, 26.87 ° S 65.77 ° W, 2500 m, 03 Jan 1982, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, 93 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023314 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023315 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023466 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023471 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023945 View Materials ), 6♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023316 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023317 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023472 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023945 View Materials ), 1 nymph ( AMNH _ ENT 00023945 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023669 View Materials ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023678 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023679 View Materials ) ( JTPC). Siambon, 26.7 ° S 65.45 ° W, 1313 m, 01 Jul 1935, J.M. Bosq, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023867 View Materials ) ( MLPA). Tafí del Valle , 26.85464 ° S 65.71341 ° W, 2000 m, 01 Oct 1957, Unknown, 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23322) ( IMLA). CHILE: Aisen del Gen. Carlos Ibanez del Campo - Region XI: Aisen Prov.: Puerto Puyuhuapi, 44.38 ° S 72.62 ° W, 160 m, 23 Dec 1937, H. Schwabe, Paratype of Junior Synonym , 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023859 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023860 View Materials ) ( USNM). Reserva Nac Rio Simpson , Rio Simpson btwn Coyhaique and Aisen, 45.4 ° S 72.53 ° W, 20 m, 20 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 43 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023909 View Materials ), 4♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023909 View Materials ), 3 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023909 View Materials ), 313 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020631 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020636 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00020640 View Materials – AMNH _ENT 000- 20664), 26♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020602 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020627 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020637 View Materials – AMNH _ENT 000- 20639), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020628 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020630 View Materials ) ( MNNC). 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020665 View Materials , AMNH _ENT 000- 20666) ( USNM). 82 km S of Puyuguape, 45.13 ° S 72.62 ° W, 260 m, 19 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023929 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023929 View Materials ), 8 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023929 View Materials ), 113 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020824 View Materials – AMNH _ENT 000- 20834), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020821 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020823 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 89 km S of Puyuguape, 45.21 ° S 72.62 ° W, 220 m, 19 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023910 View Materials ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023910 View Materials ), 6 nymphs ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23910), 123 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020741 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020752 View Materials ), 14♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020753 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020766 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 97 km S of Puyuguape, Lago de los Torres , 45.25 ° S 72.65 ° W, 190 m, 19 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023933 View Materials ), 1 nymph ( AMNH _ ENT 00023933 View Materials ), 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020843 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00020844 View Materials ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020840 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020842 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Antofagasta - Region II: Antofagasta Prov.: San Pedro (de) Atacama, Rio Valama , 22.91 ° S 68.22 ° W, 2300 m, 01 Apr 1969, L. E. Peña, 4♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023710 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023722 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023724 View Materials ), 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021- 160 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021162 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021163 View Materials ) ( JTPC). San Pedro Atacama, Rio Valama , 22.9167 ° S 68.2167 ° W, 2300 m, 01 Apr 1968, L. E. Peña, 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023698 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023700 View Materials ) ( JTPC). Valle El Yeso , 23.41666 ° S 70.58333 ° W, 2200 m, 05 Sep 1900, L. E. Peña, 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021153 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021154 View Materials ) ( JTPC). Araucania - Region IX: Cautin Prov. : 11.3 km E of Carahue, Rio Imperial , 38.76666 ° S 73.05 ° W, 90 m, 11 Nov 1994, S. Oygur & E. Barrera, 43 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023545 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023548 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Lago Villarica at Villarica , 34.62 ° S 71.14 ° W, 180 m, 30 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020894 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Malleco Prov. : 17 km E of Curacautin, 38.46 ° S 71.74 ° W, 750 m, 22 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023918 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023337 View Materials ), 103 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021280 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021289 View Materials ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021290 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021291 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 5 km E of Curacautin, Puente Blanco , 38.46666 ° S 71.5 ° W, 700 m, 09 Nov 1994, S. Oygur and E. Barrera, 53 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023622 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023626 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 9 km E of Manzanar, 38.46666 ° S 71.53333 ° W, 1250 m, 09 Nov 1994, S. Oygur and E. Barrera, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023606 View Materials ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023607 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023608 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 9.5 E Malalcahuello , 39.28 ° S 72.31 ° W, 1190 m, 30 Nov 1982, A. Newton and M. Thayer, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020818 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00020819 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020820 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Lago Icalma , 38.8167 ° S 71.2833 ° W, 1181 m, 02 Jan 1968, L. E. Peña, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023649 View Materials , AMNH _ENT 000- 23650), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023651 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023653 View Materials ) ( MNNC). Par. Nac. Nahuelbuta, 37.78 ° S 72.98 ° W, 1100 m, 19 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 43 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023991 View Materials ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023991 View Materials ), 11 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023991 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023992 View Materials ), 93 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021059 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021067 View Materials ), 9♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021050 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021058 View Materials ) ( AMNH) GoogleMaps ; 18 Nov 1981, T. Cekalovic, 43 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021130 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021133 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021129 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Tolhuaca, 38.2 ° S 71.68 ° W, 1400 m, 09 Jan 1962, R. Usinger, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020668 View Materials ) ( UCR). BioBio - Region VIII: Arauco Prov.: 69.6 km S of San Pedro, Puente Ramadillas, Rio Carampangue , 37.3 ° S 73.23333 ° W, 5 m, 07 Nov 1994, S. Oygur and E. Barrera, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023618 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Caramavida, Nahuelbuta Mt. , 37.68171 ° S 73.35204 ° W, 220 m, 31 Jan 1967, L. E. Peña, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023686 View Materials ), 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021073 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021074 View Materials ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021075 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021076 View Materials ) ( JTPC). Lago Lanalhue, 37.9 ° S 73.3 ° W, 10 m, 08 Nov 1994, S. Oygur and E. Barrera, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023590 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023591 View Materials ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023592 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023594 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Nahualbuta Mt. , Caramavida, 37.6833 ° S 73.35 ° W, 220 m, 31 Jan 1967, L. E. Peña, 43 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023687 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023690 View Materials ) ( JTPC). Parque Nacional Nahualbuta, 37.78 ° S 73.1 ° W, 1100 m, 19 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023335 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023656 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023657 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023676 View Materials ) ( JTPC). Biobio Prov.: 4 km E of El Abanico, 37.33 ° S 71.47 ° W, 938 m, 21 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 33 ( AMNH _ENT 000- 20961– AMNH _ ENT 00020963 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 4 km E of El Abanico, 37.33 ° S 71.47 ° W, 950 m, 21 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023914 View Materials ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023914 View Materials ), 1 nymph ( AMNH _ ENT 00023914 View Materials ), 103 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020952 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020958 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021389 View Materials – AMNH _ENT 000- 21391), 13♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020943 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020951 View Materials , AMNH _ENT 000- 21385– AMNH _ ENT 00021388 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023665 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023677 View Materials ) ( JTPC). 5 km E of El Abanico, 37.4 ° S 71.45 ° W, 1000 m, 21 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023943 View Materials ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023943 View Materials ), 5 nymphs ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23943), 83 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021377 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021384 View Materials ), 6♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021371 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021376 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Negrete, 37.58 ° S 72.52 ° W, 75 m, 29 Jan 1951, Ross and Michelbacher, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023709 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021101 View Materials ) ( JTPC). Nuble Prov. : Las Trancas, 8 km W of Termas de Chillan, 36.87 ° S 71.62 ° W, 1300 m, 15 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023927 View Materials ), 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020964 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020965 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Termas de Chillan , 36.9 ° S 71.52 ° W, 1800 m, 14 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 53 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023465 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023913 View Materials ), 4♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023913 View Materials ), 10 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023913 View Materials ), 143 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021256 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021269 View Materials ), 10♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021270 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021279 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023658 View Materials ) ( JTPC). Coquimbo - Region IV: Elqui Prov. : 3 km SE of Alcohuaz, Comunidad Estancia , 30.26472 ° S 70.48333 ° W, 1823 m, 24 Oct 1994, S. Oygur and E. Barrera, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023609 View Materials ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023562 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023563 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023610 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Las Hedionditas, 10 Jan 1966, L. E. Peña, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021151 View Materials ) ( JTPC). Limari Prov. : 23 km SE of Hurtado, Rio Hurtado , 30.15666 ° S 70.65 ° W, 1620 m, 27 Oct 1994, S. Oygur and E. Barrera, 63 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023549 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023554 View Materials ), 5♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023556 View Materials – AMNH _ENT 000- 23560) ( AMNH). 6 km SW of Hurtado, Puento Morillos on Rio Hurtado , 30.28333 ° S 70.7 ° W, 1040 m, 28 Oct 1994, S. Oygur and E. Barrera, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023561 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Libertador General Bernardo O’Higgins - Region VI: Colchagua Prov. : Camino Termas del Flaco (Del Flaco Hot Springs), 34.85 ° S 70.55 ° W, 1850 m, 24 Nov 1969, L. E. Peña, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021152 View Materials ) ( JTPC). Los Lagos - Region X: Chiloe Prov. : 28 km S of Castro, 42.67093 ° S 73.67644 ° W, 25 m, 01 Dec 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023946 View Materials ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023946 View Materials ), 15 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023946 View Materials ), 153 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021455 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021469 View Materials ), 14♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021470 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021483 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 23 ( AMNH _ ENT00021451 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021452 View Materials ) ( EELM). 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023654 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023655 View Materials ) ( JTPC). 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021448 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021450 View Materials ) ( MNNC). 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021453 View Materials , AMNH _ENT 000- 21454) ( USNM). 5 km N of Quellon, 43.05 ° S 73.6 ° W, 110 m, 01 Dec 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023917 View Materials ), 8 nymphs ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23917), 133 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021401 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021413 View Materials ), 9♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021392 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021400 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Chepu, 42.055 ° S 74.03161 ° W, 10 m, 28 Nov 1981 – 29 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023928 View Materials ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023336 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023928 View Materials ), 1 nymph ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23928), 63 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021108 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021113 View Materials ), 6♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021102 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021107 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Chiloe I W Quemchi , 42.13944 ° S 73.48804 ° W, 34 m, 07 Apr 1968, L. E. Peña, 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023711 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023712 View Materials ), 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021077 View Materials , AMNH _ENT 000- 21078), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021079 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021080 View Materials ) ( JTPC). Chonchi, 42.61277 ° S 73.80916 ° W, 46 m, 02 Dec 1966, J. Moreau, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023647 View Materials ) ( MNNC). Dalcahue, Chiloe Island, 42.37814 ° S 73.65133 ° W, 4 m, 18 Jan 1962, R. Usinger, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020667 View Materials ) ( UCR) GoogleMaps ; 01 Feb 1967, L. E. Peña, 53 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023680 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023684 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023685 View Materials ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021098 View Materials , AMNH _ENT 000- 21099) ( JTPC). Isla Calbuco, 41.76666 ° S 73.13333 ° W, 07 Feb 1937, H. Schwabe, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021100 View Materials ) ( JTPC). Isla Chiloe, Lago Huillinco , 42.67473 ° S 73.90071 ° W, 25 m, 09 Feb 1981, T. Cekalovic, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020967 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020966 View Materials ) ( AMNH). W of Quemchi, 42.125 ° S 73.5183 ° W, 07 Apr 1968, L. E. Peña, 63 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023691 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023696 View Materials ) ( JTPC). near Chepu at mouth of Rio Butalcura , 42.05 ° S 73.98 ° W, 4 m, 28 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023908 View Materials ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023908 View Materials ), 12 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023908 View Materials ), 63 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021006 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021010 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021134 View Materials ), 10♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020996 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021005 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Llanquihue Prov. : 2.5 km W of Saltos de Petrohue, margin of Rio Petrohue , 41.13333 ° S 72.4465 ° W, 190 m, 13 Dec 1981, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, 83 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023324 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023325 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023932 View Materials ), 8♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23326– AMNH _ ENT 00023327 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023932 View Materials ), 1 nymph ( AMNH _ ENT 00023932 View Materials ), 483 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020845 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020846 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00020932 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020942 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021509 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021543 View Materials ), 12♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020926 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020931 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021544 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021549 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023660 View Materials ) ( JTPC). 26 km E Puerto Varas, 41.3162 ° S 72.6718 ° W, 100 m, 26 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 43 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023921 View Materials ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23921), 143 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021242 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021255 View Materials ), 17♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021225 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021241 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023661 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023663 View Materials ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023674 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023675 View Materials ) ( JTPC). 28.1 km W of Ensenada, Rt 225, Lago llanquihue, 41.21666 ° S 72.65 ° W, 150 m, 12 Nov 1994, S. Oygur & E. Barrera, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023602 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023603 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023604 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 4 km SE Puerto Montt, 41.4871 ° S 72.9014 ° W, 30 m, 11 Dec 1981 – 12 Dec 1981, R. T. Schuh, 93 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023328 View Materials , AMNH _ENT 000- 23923, AMNH _ ENT 00023952 View Materials ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023330 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023952 View Materials ), 1 nymph ( AMNH _ ENT 00023923 View Materials ), 173 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021484 View Materials – AMNH _ENT 000- 21500), 8♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021501 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021508 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 6.2 km SE of Ensenada, 41.21666 ° S 72.65 ° W, 115 m, 12 Nov 1994, S. Oygur & E. Barrera, 53 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023611 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023615 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023616 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Osorno Prov. : Lago Puyehue E of Entre Lagos, 40.68 ° S 72.37 ° W, 160 m, 24 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 123 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023338 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023339 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023915 View Materials ), 11♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23340, AMNH _ ENT 00023915 View Materials ), 10 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023915 View Materials ), 453 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021329 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021357 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021432 View Materials – AMNH _ENT 000- 21447), 27♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021362 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021370 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021414 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021431 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021360 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021361 View Materials ) ( EELM). 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23672) ( JTPC). 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021358 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021359 View Materials ) ( USNM). Puente El Avion, 16.5 km W of Puancho, 40.41666 ° S 73.35 ° W, 150 m, 11 Nov 1994, S. Oygur & E. Barrera, 63 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023595 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023600 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023601 View Materials ) ( AMNH). vic. Termas de Puyehue , 40.66426 ° S 72.2854 ° W, 200 m, 24 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 43 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023333 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023925 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023931 View Materials ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023925 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023931 View Materials ), 10 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023925 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023931 View Materials ), 93 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020987 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020995 View Materials ), 11♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020976 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020986 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Palena Prov. : 12 km W of jct of Futalefu and Palena roads, 43.47 ° S 72.12 ° W, 50 m, 16 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 53 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020835 View Materials – AMNH _ENT 000- 20839) ( AMNH). 20 km N of Chaiten, 42.74158 ° S 72.76319 ° W, 50 m, 17 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023916 View Materials ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23916), 2 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023916 View Materials ), 83 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020849 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020856 View Materials ), 4♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020857 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020860 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 70 km S of Chaiten, 43.45386 ° S 72.40718 ° W, 500 m, 18 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023926 View Materials ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023926 View Materials ), 10 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023926 View Materials ), 173 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020796 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020812 View Materials ), 5♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020813 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020817 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 90 km S of Chaiten on Rio Frio, S of Santa Lucia, 43.63 ° S 72.33 ° W, 80 m, 18 Jan 1986, R. T. Schuh, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023912 View Materials ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023912 View Materials ), 5 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023912 View Materials ), 73 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020769 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020775 View Materials ), 10♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020776 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020785 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Chaiten , 42.92144 ° S 72.71462 ° W, 17 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020892 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Chaiten , 42.92144 ° S 72.71462 ° W, 8 m, 06 Dec 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023919 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023919 View Materials ), 15 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023919 View Materials ), 353 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020971 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020975 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021175 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021204 View Materials ), 22♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020968 View Materials – AMNH _ENT 000- 20970, AMNH _ ENT 00021206 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021224 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23659), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023673 View Materials ) ( JTPC). Valdivia Prov. : Lago Panguipulli , 37 km SE of Panguipulli, 39.75 ° S 72.33333 ° W, 300 m, 14 Nov 1994, S. Oygur & E. Barrera, 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023619 View Materials – AMNH _ENT 000- 23621) ( AMNH). Tres Esteros, Cord. San Jose, Stgo., 40.68333 ° S 72.88333 ° W, 105 m, 16 May 1947, L. E. Peña, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT00021174 View Materials ) ( JTPC). Magallanes y Antartica Chilena - Region XII: Magallanes Prov. : 20 km S Punta Arenas, 53.3204 ° S 70.95856 ° W, 30 m, 17 Dec 1981, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023334 View Materials ), 83 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021035 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021042 View Materials ), 4♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021043 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021046 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021047 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021048 View Materials ) ( MNNC). 61 km SE of Puerto Natales, 52.04 ° S 71.73 ° W, 100 m, 18 Dec 1981, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, 113 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023331 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023920 View Materials ), 6♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023332 View Materials , AMNH _ENT 000- 23920), 263 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021120 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021124 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021292 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021296 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021304 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021319 View Materials ), 16♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020847 View Materials , AMNH _ENT 000- 21114– AMNH _ ENT 00021119 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021320 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021328 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021300 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021301 View Materials ) ( EELM). 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021297 View Materials – AMNH _ENT 000- 21299) ( MNNC). 23 ( AMNH _ENT 000- 21302, AMNH _ ENT 00021303 View Materials ) ( USNM). Laguna Amarga, 50.98333 ° S 72.75 ° W, 130 m, 28 Feb 1969, L. E. Peña, 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021068 View Materials – AMNH _ENT 000- 21070), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021071 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021072 View Materials ) ( JTPC). Laguna Figueros (villa laguna), 28 Jan 1976, T. Cekalovic, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021148 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021149 View Materials ) ( AMNH). N Mina Río , 16 Mar 1967, L. E. Peña, 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021158 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021159 View Materials ) ( JTPC). v. Punta Arenas , 53.15 ° S 70.91667 ° W, 30 m, 01 Dec 1962, P.J. Darlington, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021169 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Ultima Esperanza Prov. : 6 km SE Puerto Natales, 51.75871 ° S 72.4259 ° W, 90 m, 18 Dec 1981 – 20 Dec 1981, R. T. Schuh, B. M. Massie, 183 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021011 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021028 View Materials ), 7♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021029 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021034 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021049 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 33 ( AMNH _ GoogleMaps
ENT 00023666– AMNH _ ENT 00023668 View Materials ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023670 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023671 View Materials ) ( JTPC). 7 km SE Puerto Natales, 51.78 ° S 72.44 ° W, 125 m, 20 Nov 1981, R.T.Schuh and B. Massie, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023922 View Materials ), 193 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020901 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020919 View Materials ), 6♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020920 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00020925 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Maule - Region VII: Curico Prov.: Vegas de Vagara, Rio Teno , 34.98333 ° S 71.38333 ° W, 2700 m, 20 Jan 1964, L. E. Peña, 4♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023713 View Materials , AMNH _ENT 000- 23719– AMNH _ ENT 00023721 View Materials ) ( JTPC) GoogleMaps ; 20 Jan 1964, L. E. Peña, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023706 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00023707 View Materials ), 63 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021081 View Materials – AMNH _ENT 000- 21084, AMNH _ ENT 00021144 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021145 View Materials ), 13♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 21085– AMNH _ ENT 00021088 View Materials , AMNH _ ENT 00021135 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021143 View Materials ) ( JTPC). Talca Prov. : 55.8 km E of San Clemente, Rio Maule, 35.76666 ° S 70.98333 ° W, 510 m, 06 Nov 1994, S. Oygur & E. Barrera, 73 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023531 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023537 View Materials ), 7♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023538 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023544 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Metropolitana De Santiago: Cordillera Prov. : La Parva, 33.3 ° S 70.2667 ° W, 3700 m, 01 Dec 1983, G. A.S., 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023648 View Materials ) ( MNNC). Santiago Prov.: Farellones, 33.3 ° S 70.25 ° W, 2700 m, 08 Sep 1962, L. E. Peña, 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021125 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021127 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021128 View Materials ) ( AMNH). 5♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023714 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023718 View Materials ), 63 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021089 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021094 View Materials ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021095 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00021097 View Materials ) ( JTPC). Farellones, 33.3 ° S 70.25 ° W, 2700 m, 08 Apr 1962, L. E. Peña, 43 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023702 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023705 View Materials ) ( JTPC). Laguna de Aculeo, 33.856 ° S 70.926 ° W, 375 m, 12 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023342 View Materials ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023341 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Valparaiso - Region V: Los Andes Prov. : 40 km E of Los Andes, 32.90388 ° S 70.25 ° W, 1500 m, S. Oygur & E. Barrera, 123 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023564 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023575 View Materials ), 14♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023576 View Materials – AMNH _ ENT 00023589 View Materials ) ( AMNH). Quillota Prov. : 9 km W jct Rts 60 & 5, Rio Aconcagua , 32.66972 ° S 71.2 ° W, 240 m, 01 Nov 1994, S. Oygur & E. Barrera, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023555 View Materials ) ( AMNH) GoogleMaps .
AMNH |
American Museum of Natural History |
USNM |
Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History |
MACN |
Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia |
EELM |
Estacion Experimental Agricola de la Molina |
IMLA |
Fundacion e Instituto Miguel Lillo |
JTPC |
Colorado Entomological Museum (formerly John T. Polhemus collection) |
SEMC |
University of Kansas - Biodiversity Institute |
MNNC |
Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago |
UCR |
University of California |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
Kingdom |
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Phylum |
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Class |
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Order |
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Family |
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Genus |
Pseudosaldula bruesi (Drake) Plate
Schuh, RT & Polhemus, JT 2009 |
Pseudosaldula pilloana
Schuh, R. T. & B. Galil & J. T. Polhemus 1987: 316 |
Pseudosaldua bruesi
Schuh, R. T. & B. Galil & J. T. Polhemus 1987: 315 |
Pseudosaldula chilensis
Schuh, R. T. & B. Galil & J. T. Polhemus 1987: 315 |
Oreokora amazona
Drake, C. J. 1962: 122 |
Oreokora bucayana
Drake, C. J. 1962: 122 |
Oreokora pillaona
Drake, C. J. 1962: 123 |
Oreokora regilla
Drake, C. J. 1962: 122 |
Oreokora rogeri
Drake, C. J. 1962: 122 |
Oreokora angusta
Drake, C. J. 1962: 122 |
Pseudosaldula rogeri
Cobben, R. H. 1961: 98 |
Pentacora amazona Drake, 1955: 154
Drake, C. J. 1955: 154 |
Pentacora bucayana
Drake, C. J. 1955: 157 |
Pentacora pillaona
Drake, C. J. 1955: 156 |
Pentacora araucanica
Drake, C. J. 1955: 152 |
Pentacora regilla
Drake, C. J. 1955: 155 |
Pentacora rogeri
Drake, C. J. 1955: 152 |
Saldula rogeri
Drake, C. J. & L. Hoberlandt 1951: 10 |
Pentacora angusta
Drake, C. J. & J. C. M. Carvalho 1948: 473 |
Saldula araucanica
Drake, C. J. & J. C. M. Carvalho 1948: 474 |
Acanthia rogeri
Kirkaldy, G. W. 1899: 92 |
Acanthia araucanica
Drake, C. J. 1962: 121 |
Kirkaldy, G. W. 1899: 93 |
Acanthia chilensis
Blanchard, E. 1852: 225 |