Pseudosaldula vulgaris, Schuh & Polhemus, 2009

Schuh, RT & Polhemus, JT, 2009, Revision And Analysis Of Pseudosaldula Cobben (Insecta: Hemiptera: Saldidae): A Group With A Classic Andean Distribution, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2009 (323), pp. 1-102 : 61-66

Pseudosaldula vulgaris , new species Plates 5, 6; figures 1 , 18 , 19 ; map 13

DIAGNOSIS: Macropterous or brachypterous; dorsum uniformly and densely clothed with reclining, shining, golden setae intermixed with reclining black setae of moderate length, the latter readily visible on the lateral margin of the pronotum; veins of membrane in forewing with abundant setae as on corium; hemelytra dull, except for polished area along claval commissure, with extensive areas of pruinosity. Entirely dull hemelytra with reclining relatively short golden and black setae similar to condition found in P. chilensis and P. penai , but those species with a black stripe lateroventrally on antennal segment 1; dull hemelytra also similar to P. bergi and P. pilosa , but P. bergi lacking numerous, golden, shining setae, the extensive pruinose areas, and setae on the veins of the membrane as seen in P. vulgaris , and P. pilosa with long, erect, black, shaggy setae on the dorsum.

DESCRIPTION: Male: Total length 3.29, width pronotum 1.25. COLORATION (pl. 5): Hemelytron ranging from almost entirely dark with cells of membrane at least partially pale and corium and clavus with extensive pruinose areas, to largely pale with only anterior two-thirds of clavus and base of corium dark and with pruinose areas appearing almost white; antennal segments 1 and 2 pale to weakly darkened, segments 3 and 4 more strongly darkened; legs, including at least apical portion of coxae, largely pale with some areas of infuscation. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (pl. 5; fig. 18D ): Hemelytron dull except for polished, shining area along claval commissure. Vestiture of the dorsum consisting of medium length reclining black setae intermixed with golden shining setae, the former also on veins of membrane. STRUCTURE (pl. 5; fig. 18 ): Known from macropterous and brachypterous forms, body ranging from ovoid in the former to teardrop shaped in the latter. Thorax: Pronotum with lateral margins straight to weakly convex, distinctly narrowing anteriorly. Hemelytra: Membrane of forewing usually with five distinct cells, even in brachypterous forms. GENITALIA ( figs. 1 , 19 ): Parandria ( figs. 1 , 19D ): Inner sclerotized margin nearly straight, angled posterolaterally; posterior margin nearly straight. Parameres: Processus sensualis with 10–15 setae.

Female (pl. 5): Total length 3.49, width pronotum 1.33. COLORATION (pl. 5): As in male; subgenital plate pale distally, translucent. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (pl. 5): As in male; macropterous and brachypterous forms with setae on veins of membrane. STRUCTURE: Known from macropterous and brachypterous forms. Abdomen: See generic description. GENITALIA: See generic description.

ETYMOLOGY: Named for its relatively widespread and abundant occurrence in the Peruvian Andes, from the Latin vulgaris , ‘‘common’’.

HABITAT DATA AND ALTITUDINAL RANGE: Known to occur at altitudes between 2300–3800 meters, with many of the specimens coming from altitudes in excess of 3000 meters. Available habitat data indicate that about 60% of known collecting localities are montane seeps with extensive cover of short vegetation; about 15% of localities were sandy stream margins with some vegetative cover, with another 15% were on the margins of ponds or small lakes, also with substantial vegetative cover. Although the remaining 10% of the localities are not easily characterized, nearly all had some vegetative cover on the substrate.

DISTRIBUTION: Known from Amazonas Department, Peru, in the north to northern Bolivia in the south.

DISCUSSION: This in the most commonly collected species at high altitudes in the Andes of northern Peru. The types of habitats in which P. penai occurs in northern Argentina are very similar to those for P. vulgaris in northern Peru.

HOLOTYPE: PERU: Ancash: 15 km N of Huaraz , 9.3978 ° S 77.53333 ° W, 2780 m, 14

Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023437) ( AMNH).

PARATYPES: PERU: Amazonas: Molinopampa, 43 km E Chachapoyas, 6.41652 ° S 76.94229 ° W, 2300 m, 11 Jul 1972, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023751), 2♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023762, AMNH _ENT 00023763) ( JTPC). Ancash: 15 km N of Huaraz, 9.3978 ° S 77.53333 ° W, 2780 m, 14 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 153 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020457, AMNH _ENT 00020460– AMNH _ENT 00020473), 6♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00019579– AMNH _ENT 00019584) ( AMNH). Blw Punta Callan to W, 9.55524 ° S 77.69607 ° W, 3850 m, 16 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 23 ( AMNH _ENT 00020458, AMNH _ENT 00020459), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00019824) ( AMNH). Btwn Huaraz and Punta Callan, 9.56033 ° S 77.5729 ° W, 3440 m, 16 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 173 ( AMNH _

ENT 00023435, AMNH_ENT 00023436), 15♀, 713 (AMNH_ENT 00019749–AMNH_ ENT 00019764, AMNH_ENT 00020367– AMNH_ENT 00020374, AMNH_ENT 000- 20474–AMNH_ENT 00020481, AMNH_ ENT 00020521–AMNH_ENT 00020559), 34♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019641–AMNH_ENT 00019651, AMNH_ENT 00019726–AMNH_ ENT 00019748) (AMNH). 63 (AMNH_ENT 00019766–AMNH_ENT 00019768, AMNH_ ENT 00020362–AMNH_ENT 00020364) (EELM). 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023756) (JTPC). 23 (AMNH_ENT 00019765, AMNH_ENT 00020375) (IMLA). Just E of Punta Callan, 9.55373 ° S 77.58575 ° W, 3800 m, 06 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 2♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023456, AMNH_ENT 00023457), 463 (AMNH_ENT 00020267–AMNH_ENT 000- 20282, AMNH_ENT 00020438–AMNH_ENT 00020451, AMNH_ENT 00020560–AMNH_ ENT 00020575), 39♀ (AMNH_ENT 000- 19590–AMNH_ENT 00019627, AMNH_ENT 00019825) (AMNH). Monterrey, 5 km N of Huaraz, Rio Santa, 9.48179 ° S 77.54024 ° W, 2810 m, 14 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 13♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019628–AMNH_ENT 00019640), 233 (AMNH_ENT 00020283– AMNH_ENT 00020305) (AMNH). Cajamarca: 1 km E of Namora, near Cajamarca, 7.20493 ° S 78.32913 ° W, 2650 m, 19 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 23 (AMNH_ENT 00020306, AMNH_ENT 00020307), 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019652) (AMNH). 23 (AMNH_ENT 00023746, AMNH_ENT 00023747) (JTPC). 1 km W of Namora, nr Cajamarca, 7.2 ° S 78.34244 ° W, 2720 m, 19 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 1♀ (AMNH_ ENT 00023455), 73 (AMNH_ENT 000- 20308–AMNH_ENT 00020314), 55♀ (AMNH_ ENT 00020138–AMNH_ENT 00020192) (AMNH). 10 km ESE of Llacanora, near Cajamarca, Laguna Suluscocha, 7.23458 ° S 78.34918 ° W, 2850 m, 19 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 13 (AMNH_ENT 00023439), 963 (AMNH_ENT 00020254–AMNH_ENT 00020259, AMNH_ENT 00020323–AMNH_ ENT 00020361, AMNH_ENT 00020376– AMNH_ENT 00020398, AMNH_ENT 0002- 0515–AMNH_ENT 00020520, AMNH_ ENT 00020580–AMNH_ENT 00020601), 40♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019886–AMNH_ENT 00019907, AMNH_ENT 00020193–AMNH_ ENT 00020210) (AMNH). 2♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023757, AMNH_ENT 00023758) (JTPC). 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00020211) (MNNC). 2♀ (AMNH_ENT 00020212, AMNH_ENT 000- 20213) (USNM). 11 km S of Cajabamba, 7.71465 ° S 78.0305 ° W, 2850 m, 20 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 33 (AMNH_ENT 000- 23444, AMNH_ENT 00023977), 2♀ (AMNH_ ENT 00023445, AMNH_ENT 00023446), 383 (AMNH_ENT 00020215–AMNH_ENT 00020- 243, AMNH_ENT 00020246–AMNH_ENT 00020250, AMNH_ENT 00020399–AMNH_ ENT 00020402), 23♀ (AMNH_ENT 000- 19653–AMNH_ENT 00019675) (AMNH). 33 (AMNH_ENT 00020251–AMNH_ENT 00020- 253) (EELM). 13 (AMNH_ENT 00020244) (MNNC). 13 (AMNH_ENT 00020245) (USNM). 2 km W of Llacanora, nr Cajamarca, 7.20943 ° S 78.44278 ° W, 2530 m, 19 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 13 (AMNH_ENT 00023441), 2♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023442, AMNH_ENT 00023443), 393 (AMNH_ENT 00020007–AMNH_ENT 00020011, AMNH_ ENT 00020404–AMNH_ENT 00020437), 35♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019780–AMNH_ENT 00019- 792, AMNH_ENT 00019799–AMNH_ENT 00019820) (AMNH). 2♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019796, AMNH_ENT 00019797) (EELM). 13 (AMNH_ENT 00023752) (JTPC). 2♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019793, AMNH_ENT 000- 19795) (MACN). 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019794) (MNNC). 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019798) (IMLA). 3 km S of Cajabamba, 7.62965 ° S 78.0401 ° W, 2600 m, 20 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 13 (AMNH_ENT 00023438), 43 (AMNH_ENT 00020012–AMNH_ENT 00020015), 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019826) (AMNH). Andes, Celendin Huaco, 6.866 ° S 78.147 ° W, 2625 m, 31 May 1936, F. Woytkowski, 23 (AMNH_ENT 00020365, AMNH_ENT 00020366) (AMNH). 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019588) (SEMC). Andes, Celendin Sandy Brook, 6.87 ° S 78.151 ° W, 2625 m, 25 May 1936, F. Woytkowski, 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019589) (SEMC). Andes, Rio Victoria Celendin Dungal, 6.856 ° S 78.135 ° W, 2625 m, 26 May 1936, F. Woytkowski, 2♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019586, AMNH_ENT 00019587) (SEMC). Rio Lallanga, vicinity of Llangua, 14 Jun 1936, F. Woytkowski, 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019585) (SEMC). above Cajamarca on Pacasmayo road, 7.17686 ° S 78.50992 ° W, 3100 m, 17 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 13 (AMNH_ ENT 00023440), 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 000- 19821) (AMNH). above Cajamarca on Pacasmayo road, 7.17857 ° S 78.50992 ° W, 3000 m, 17 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 13 (AMNH_ENT 00020016) (AMNH). above San Juan en route to Cajamarca, 7.25905 ° S 78.48961 ° W, 2620 m, 17 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 53 (AMNH_ ENT 00020452–AMNH_ENT 00020456), 2♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019822, AMNH_ENT 00019823) (AMNH). Cusco: Paucartambo Suecia, 13.16667 ° S 71.41667 ° W, 1900 m, 23 Dec 1952, F. Woytkowski, 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00180092) (AMNH). Huanuco: Huamincha, 1600 m, 01 Mar 1946, F. Woytkowski, 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023313) (AMNH). La Libertad: 12 km SW of Huamachuco, Rio Bado, 7.84866 ° S 78.09317 ° W, 3040 m, 21 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 13 (AMNH_ENT 00023447), 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023448), 273 (AMNH_ENT 00019930–AMNH_ENT 00019- 956), 11♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019908–AMNH_ ENT 00019918) (AMNH). 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019919) (MNNC). 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019716) (USNM). 14 km SW of Huamachuco, Rio Bado, 7.90256 ° S 78.12742 ° W, 3050 m, 21 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023452), 343 (AMNH_ENT 00019964–AMNH_ENT 00019982, AMNH_ ENT 00020498–AMNH_ENT 00020512), 13♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019696–AMNH_ENT 000- 19705, AMNH_ENT 00019723–AMNH_ENT 00019725) (AMNH). 33 (AMNH_ENT 000- 19989–AMNH_ENT 00019991), 2♀ (AMNH_ ENT 00019721, AMNH_ENT 00019722) (EELM). 13 (AMNH_ENT 00023744), 3♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023759–AMNH_ENT 00023- 761) (JTPC). 23 (AMNH_ENT 00019985, AMNH_ENT 00019986), 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019718) (MACN). 13 (AMNH_ENT 00019983), 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019717) (MNNC). 23 (AMNH_ENT 00019987, AMNH_ENT 00019988), 2♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019719, AMNH_ENT 00019720) (IMLA). 13 (AMNH_ENT 00019984) (USNM). 20 km NE of Huamachuco, Laguna Cahuadan , 7.78134 ° S 78.03169 ° W, 3000 m, 20 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 33 (AMNH_ ENT 00020092, AMNH_ENT 00023449, AMNH_ENT 00023973), 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023973), 393 (AMNH_ENT 00020099– AMNH_ENT 00020137), 37♀ (AMNH_ ENT 00019678–AMNH_ENT 00019695, AMNH_ENT 00019827–AMNH_ENT 00019845) (AMNH). 25 km S of Cajabamba, 7.6748 ° S 78.03022 ° W, 3000 m, 20 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 13 (AMNH_ENT 00020403), 2♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019676, AMNH_ENT 00019677) (AMNH). 25 km SW of Huamachuco, 7.97492 ° S 78.21998 ° W, 3480 m, 21 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 1♀ (AMNH_ ENT 00023454), 233 (AMNH_ENT 000- 20316–AMNH_ENT 00020322, AMNH_ ENT 00020482–AMNH_ENT 00020497), 19♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019706–AMNH_ ENT 00019715, AMNH_ENT 00019846– AMNH_ENT 00019854) (AMNH). 29 km SW of Huamachuco, 7.98091 ° S 78.23007 ° W, 3700 m, 21 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 2♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023450, AMNH_ENT 00023451), 23 (AMNH_ENT 00020513, AMNH_ENT 00020514), 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019855) (AMNH). 33 (AMNH_ENT 00023748–AMNH_ENT 00023750) (JTPC). 29 km SW of Huamachuco, 7.98091 ° S 78.23007 ° W, 3740 m, 21 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 23 (AMNH_ENT 00020090, AMNH_ENT 00020091), 73 (AMNH_ENT 00020260–AMNH_ENT 00020266), 7♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019856–AMNH_ENT 00019862) (AMNH). 30 km S of Cajabamba, 7.68501 ° S 78.02285 ° W, 3120 m, 20 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023453), 73 (AMNH_ENT 00019957– AMNH_ENT 00019963) (AMNH). 31 km S of Cajabamba, 7.69085 ° S 78.02727 ° W, 3175 m, 20 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 153 (AMNH_ENT 00019992–AMNH_ENT 00020006), 11♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019769– AMNH_ENT 00019779) (AMNH). 33 km SW if Huamachuco, 8.01081 ° S 78.2795 ° W, 3880 m, 21 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 2♀ (AMNH_ENT 00019863, AMNH_ENT 00019864) (AMNH).

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED: PERU: Ancash: Blw Punta Callan to W, 9.55651 ° S 77.72776 ° W, 2920 m, 16 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 4 nymphs (AMNH_ENT 00023972) (AMNH). Btwn Huaraz and Punta Callan, 9.56033 ° S 77.5729 ° W, 3440 m, 16 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 6 nymphs (AMNH). Monterrey, 5 km N of Huaraz, Rio Santa, 9.48179 ° S 77.54024 ° W, 2810 m, 14 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 20 nymphs (AMNH_ENT 00023975, AMNH_ ENT 00023978) (AMNH). Cajamarca: 10 km ESE of Llacanora, near Cajamarca, Laguna Suluscocha, 7.23458 ° S 78.34918 ° W, 2850 m, 19 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 10 nymphs (AMNH_ENT 00023971) (AMNH). 11 km S of Cajabamba, 7.71465 ° S 78.0305 ° W, 2850 m, 20 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 5 nymphs (AMNH_ENT 00023977) (AMNH). 2 km W of Llacanora, nr Cajamarca, 7.20943 ° S 78.44278 ° W, 2530 m, 19 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 15 nymphs (AMNH_ENT 00023967) (AMNH). 3 km S of Cajabamba, 7.62965 ° S 78.0401 ° W, 2600 m, 20 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 3 nymphs (AMNH_ENT 00023974) (AMNH). La Libertad: 14 km SW of Huamachuco, Rio Bado, 7.90256 ° S 78.12742 ° W, 3050 m, 21 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 6 nymphs (AMNH_ ENT 00023970) (AMNH). 20 km NE of Huamachuco, Laguna Cahuadan , 7.78134 ° S 78.03169 ° W, 3000 m, 20 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 30 nymphs (AMNH_ENT 00023960, AMNH_ENT 00023973) (AMNH). 25 km SW of Huamachuco, 7.97492 ° S 78.21998 ° W, 3480 m, 21 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 8 nymphs (AMNH_ENT 00023976) (AMNH). 29 km SW of Huamachuco, 7.98091 ° S 78.23007 ° W, 3740 m, 21 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 6 nymphs (AMNH_ENT 00023969) (AMNH).

Figures

Map 13. Distribution of Pseudosaldula vulgaris.

Fig. 1. Parandria of 14 Pseudosaldula spp. and two Saldula spp.

Fig. 18. Pseudosaldula vulgaris (scanning electron micrographs). A. Lateral view of whole specimen using backscatter electrons. B. Frontolateral view of face showing condition of transverse swelling across base of clypeus. C. Lateral view of pronotum, scutellum, and base of hemelytron. D. Detail of clavus and row of punctures along claval suture, showing suberect simple setae and microtricha. E. Perspective view of gland pore on paramere. F. Detail of gland pore on paramere. tvs, transverse swelling.

Fig. 19. Pseudosaldula vulgaris (scanning electron micrographs). Left paramere. A. General view of ventral face. B. Detail of processus sensualis. C. Apex of paramere showing short setiform sensors. D. Dorsal view of parandria.