Erythroxylum umbu Costa-Lima, 2017

Costa-Lima, James Lucas Da & Amorim, André M., 2017, A new name and nomenclatural adjustments in Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae), Phytotaxa 306 (1), pp. 66-74 : 70-72

4. Erythroxylum umbu Costa-Lima , nom. nov. Figure 2 .

Basionym : Erythroxylum microphyllum var. amplifolium Martius (1840: 344) . Type: — BRAZIL. S.l., s.d., F. Sellow 366 (lectotype: M [ M0243607 ] pro parte! = F negative nº 57600, second fragment from left on mixed sheet marked with an asterisk, designated here; isolectotypes: B!, G [barcode G00352313 ]!, F fragment, probably ex B [barcode F0055614 F]!, LE!, P [barcode P00723597 ]! = F negative nº 58472, W! = F negative nº 60030) .

= Erythroxylum amplifolium Martius (1840: 344) Schulz (1907: 107) , non Baillon (1886: 599), nom. illeg.

= Erythroxylum amplifolium var. myrtilloides Peyritsch (1878: 134) Schulz (1907: 108) . Type: — BRAZIL. São Paulo: [northward 2 miles towards Água Branca, 22 February 1827], W.J. Burchell 4298 (lectotype: K [barcode K001201168]!, designated here; isolectotypes: BR [barcode BR0000005944583]!, LE!, P [barcode P05483401]!), syn. nov.

= Erythroxylum amplifolium f. lancifolium Peyritsch (1878: 134) Schulz (1907: 108) .

= Erythroxylum microphyllum var. amplifolium Martius (1840: 344) f. myrtilloides Peyritsch (1878: 134) , syn. nov. Type: — The same of Erythroxylum amplifolium var. myrtilloides .

= Erythroxylum microphyllum var. amplifolium f. reticulatum Peyritsch (1878: 134) . Type: — Not determined [probably the same type of E. microphyllum var. amplifolium ].

= Erythroxylum microphyllum var. reticulatum Martius (1840: 344) . Type: — Not determined [probably the same type of E. microphyllum var. amplifolium ].

= Erythroxylum microphyllum f. lancifolium Peyritsch (1878: 134) . Type: — BRAZIL: Illustration of E. microphyllum var. amplifolium , in Beitr. Erythroxylon , tab. 3. 1840.

Etymology:— The epithet comes from “umbu ” that is possibly derived from “mbugn,” which is related to “growth” in the Kaingang language (Jê family language) according to D’Angelis & Fókâe (1994). Umbu is the name of a Paleoindian cultural tradition of hunters and gatherers from southern South America, known for their remarkable lithic technologies. This species was given the name umbu because it has a very similar geographical distribution to that of the people of the Umbu tradition (in the past) who occupied southern Brazil and expanded to the south (areas in Uruguay and Argentina) and north (areas in São Paulo State).

Distribution and habitat:— Erythroxylum umbu occurs in southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo), southern Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul), and Uruguay. It is common in restinga vegetation, but also occurs in slope rainforest, riparian forest, and grassland vegetation in the Atlantic Forest domain.

Comments:— Erythroxylum microphyllum var. amplifolium was described by Martius (1840) based mainly on Sellow 366, which has fruits. Additionally, this author presents an illustration of the new variety based on a flowering branch, which does not resemble the general appearance of the branches of any of the known specimens of Sellow 366. Thus, because we believe that Martius relied on more than one element of original material we select the fragment of the F. Sellow collection deposited at M ( Fig. 2 ) as the lectotype (see McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 9.3). Schulz (1907) raised the variety proposed by Martius (1840) to the specific level, but Baillon (1886), in “Liste des plantes de Madagascar ”, had already described a species with the same epithet. This makes the name proposed by Schulz a later homonym and therefore illegitimate (see McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 53.1). Thus, we propose here a new name.

Sobral (1987) and Plowman & Hensold (2004) considered Erythroxylum amplifolium (Mart.) O.E.Schulz [= E. umbu ] a synonym of E. vacciniifolium , which occurs in cerrado and patches of seasonal forest on rocky outcrops in Bahia, Minas Gerais, Distrito Federal, and Goiás, Brazil ( Loiola & Costa-Lima 2015). This idea was not supported by Amaral Jr. (1980), Amaral Jr. (1996), Mendonça et al. (1998), Barbosa & Amaral Jr. (2001), Mendonça & Amaral Jr. (2002), and Loiola & Costa-Lima (2015). We consider these species sufficiently distinct, which can be distinguished by the following: leaf blades ovate in E. umbu (vs. narrowly ovate to elliptic in E. vacciniifolium ), rounded at base (vs. cuneate), finely revolute along the margin, especially the lower third (vs. flat), with secondary veins poorly to not evident (vs. evident); stipules long 2-setose at apex (vs. shortly 3-setose); and setae without colleters (vs. fimbriolate colleters).

Amaral Jr. (1980) proposed the synonymization of E. microphyllum var. amplifolium f. myrtilloides under E. amplifolium Martius (1840: 344) Schulz (1907: 107) , non Baillon (1886: 599), without seeing the types of this form described by Peyritsch (1878). Plowman & Hensold (2004) selected the material Warming s.n. (at P) as the lectotype and suggested its possible synonymization under E. cuneifolium . However, there was a misunderstanding on the part of these authors because Warming s.n. is not one of the three original materials used by Peyritsch (1878). Thus, in accordance with Art. 9.2 of the ICN ( McNeill et al. 2012), a new lectotype may be chosen from the syntypes. It is likely that Sellow s.n. is one of the syntypes at M cited by Peyritsch (1878). This consists of the two lateral fragments mixed in the same voucher specimen of the holotype of E. microphyllum var. amplifolium , which was annotated by Schulz and marked by him on the sheet with circles ( Fig. 2 ). Another syntype is A.F. Regnell s.n., without indication of a number, from Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We found three Regnell samples at P (Regnell III 228, III 288a, and III 131), which all correspond to E. cuneifolium as here synonymized, but none were annotated by Peyritsch or resemble E. microphyllum var. amplifolium f. myrtilloides . Finally, the syntype Burchell 4298 at K is selected here as the lectotype, including more specific locality data from Smith & Smith (1967). The isolectotype at BR was misidentified by Plowman as E. vacciniifolium Martius (1840: 387) and contains two fragments of E. amplifolium (Mart.) O.E.Schulz in the envelope.After analysis of the types, we add E. microphyllum var. amplifolium f. myrtilloides to the synonymy of E. umbu .

Erythroxylum microphyllum var. reticulatum was published by Martius (1840) without indicating a type and Schulz (1907) considers it a synonym of E. microphyllum var. amplifolium . It is likely to have been based on the same type because the labels of the specimens at B and LE have the following annotation written by J. Peyritsch, “ Erythroxylon microphyllum St. -Hil. δ amplifolium Mart. forma reticulata ”, which changed the variety described by Martius to a form. Erythroxylum microphyllum f. lancifolium was described by Peyritsch (1878), who designated the Martius illustration of E. microphyllum var. amplifolium as the type, which makes them homotypic synonyms.

Selected specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Mun. Rio Preto, Serra Negra, Trilha para a Cachoeira do Ninha da Égua , 09 November 2005 (fr), N. L. Abreu et al. 40 ( CESJ, UFP, UFRN) ; Paraná: Mun. Guaratuba, Coroado , 20 September 1999 (fl), J. M. Silva 3057 ( BHCB, CEN, FLOR, MBM, RB, W) ; Rio de Janeiro: [Mun. Nova Friburgo], Alto Macahé , 14 September 1891 (fl), A. F. M. Glaziou 18921 ( K, NY, P –3 sheets) ; Rio Grande do Sul: Mun. Torres, Faxinal , 18 August 1978 (fl), J. L. Waechter & L. R. Baptista 908 ( F, ICN, RB) ; Santa Catarina: Mun. Palhoça, Campo do Massimabú , 05 November 1953 (fr), R. Reitz & R. M. Klein 1263 ( F, NY) ; São Paulo: Mun. São Paulo, Campo Congonhas , 13 November 1941 (fr), W. Hoehne 813 ( F, SPF) . URUGUAY. Artigas: Mun. Santa Rosa del Cuareim [= Mun. Bella Unión], camp argill, November 1927, W. G. F. Herter 1172 ( MO) .

Figures

FIGURE 2. Erythroxylum umbu Costa-Lima. Lectotype of Erythroxylum microphyllum var. amplifolium Mart., second fragment from the left on this mixed sheet (marked with an asterisk).—Photographs courtesy of and reproduced with permission from the Botanische Staatssammlung München (M).