Aphidiinae, Haliday, 1833

Nazari, Yaser, Zamani, Abbas Ali, Masoumi, Seyyed Mohammad, Rakhshani, Ehsan, Petrović-Obradović, Olivera, Tomanović, Snežana, Starý, Petr & Tomanović, Željko, 2012, Diversity and host associations of aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) in the farmlands of western Iran, Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52 (2), pp. 559-584 : 569-581

Key to the species of Aphidiinae (females) of western Iran

1. Notaulus complete and well developed ( Figs. 19–25 ). ................................................. 2

– Notaulus incomplete or absent ( Figs. 17, 18 ). ............................................................... 8

2. Lateral lobes of mesonotum pubescent or with few hairless areas ( Figs. 23, 24 ). Fore wing m-cu vein developed and coloured ( Figs. 59, 60 ). ............................................... 3

– Lateral lobes of mesonotum with large hairless areas ( Figs.19–22, 25 ). Fore wing m-cu weakly developed, coloured only in distal segment ( Fig. 56 ), colourless throughout ( Figs. 55, 61 ) or not developed ( Figs. 57, 58 ). ........................................................................ 4

3. Ovipositor sheath with almost straight dorsal outline, rounded at apex ( Fig. 118 ). The upper part of propodeum with long and sparse hairs ( Fig. 73 ). Antennae 16–17-segmented. ... .......................................................................................... Praon pubescens Starý, 1961

– Ovipositor sheath concave at dorsal outline, sharply pointed at apex ( Fig. 119 ). The upper part of propodeum with moderately short and dense hairs ( Fig. 74 ). Antennae (17)18–19- segmented. ..................................................................... Praon volucre (Haliday, 1833)

4. Face ( Fig. 11 ) and propodeum ( Fig. 69 ) very densely pubescent. Antennae 20–21-segmented. Ovipositor sheath considerably elongated ( Fig. 114 ). ........................................ .................................................................................... Praon barbatum Mackauer, 1959

– Face ( Figs. 12–14 ) and propodeum ( Figs. 70–72 ) sparsely pubescent. Antennae with less number of segments. Ovipositor sheath of different length ( Figs. 115–117 ). ............... 5

5. Fore wing m-cu vein developed, but colourless in part ( Fig. 56 ) or thoroughly ( Fig. 61 ). ................................................................................................................................ 6

– Fore wing m-cu vein not developed ( Figs. 57, 58 ). ...................................................... 7

6. Fore wing m-cu vein coloured in the first third proximal and remaining part effaced ( Fig. 56 ). Dorsal aspect of petiole with 3–4 short setae at each side ( Fig. 85 ). Dorsal aspect of propodeum almost hairless or with very few hairs ( Fig. 70 ). Ovipositor sheath stout ( Fig. 115 ). ...................................................................... Praon exsoletum (Nees, 1811)

– Fore wing m-cu colourless throughout ( Fig. 61 ). Dorsal aspect of petiole with more than 10 short setae at each side ( Fig. 90 ). Dorsal aspect of propodeum densely pubescent ( Fig. 75 ). Ovipositor sheath elongated ( Fig. 120 ). .................. Praon yomenae Takada, 1968

7. Flagellomeres 1 and 2 yellow. Dorsal aspect of propodeum covered with normal hairs ( Fig. 71 ). Fore wing R1 (= metacarpus) as half as stigma length ( Fig. 57 ). .................... ............................................................................................. Praon gallicum Starý, 1971

– Flagellomere 1 yellow with brown apice, flagellomere 2 brown. Dorsal aspect of propodeum covered with very long hairs ( Fig. 72 ). Fore wing R1 (= metacarpus) as long as stigma ( Fig. 58 ). ....................................................... Praon cf. necans Mackauer, 1959

8. Fore wing venation with seven closed cells. Fore wing 3RSb vein reaching the wing margin ( Figs. 48–50 ). .................................................................................................... 9

– Fore wing venation with four closed cells or fewer. Fore wing 3RSb ( Figs. 29–44, 51–54 ) or r&RS vein ( Figs. 26–28 , 45–47 , 62, 63 ) not reaching the wing margin. ................ 11

9. Fore wing 3RSa vein distinctly shorter than 2RS vein ( Fig. 49 ). Length of petiole less than 1.5× as long as its width ( Fig. 83 ). Ovipositor sheath stout ( Fig. 110 ). ................... ................................................................................... Ephedrus persicae Froggatt, 1904

– Fore wing 3RSa vein sub-equal ( Fig. 48 ) or distinctly longer ( Fig. 50 ) than 2RS vein. Length of petiole more than 1.8× as long as its width ( Fig. 82 ). Ovipositor sheath elongated ( Figs. 109 , 111 ). ................................................................................................. 10

10. Fore wing 3RSa vein sub-equal to 2RS vein ( Fig. 48 ). Ovipositor sheath considerably elongated with pre-apical depression ( Fig. 109 ). Flagellomere 1 with distinct constriction in basal third with presence of short longitudinal placodes. ............................................ ................................................ Ephedrus niger Gautier, Bonnamour & Gaumont, 1929

– Fore wing 3RSa vein distinctly longer than 2RS vein ( Fig. 50 ). Ovipositor sheath moderately elongated, without pre-apical depression ( Fig. 111 ). Flagellomere 1 almost cylindrical with long longitudinal placodes. ............................... Ephedrus plagiator (Nees, 1811)

11. Terminal metasomal sternum without prongs ( Figs. 96–104, 108 , 112, 113 ). ................. ...................................................................................................................................... 12

– Terminal metasomal sternum with two prongs ( Figs. 105–107 , 121, 122 ). ................ 35

12. Fore wing M+m-cu vein complete ( Figs. 30–44 , 54 ). ................................................ 13

– Fore wing M+m-cu vein incomplete ( Fig. 29 , 51–53 ) or absent ( Figs. 26–28 )...........28

13. Propodeum with wide central pentagonal areola ( Fig. 68 ). Ovipositor sheath with long and strongly curved setae ( Fig. 113 ). .................... Pauesia antennata (Mukerji, 1950)

– Propodeum with small central pentagonal areola. Ovipositor sheath with short and straight or slightly curved setae ( Figs. 100–104 ). .................................................................... 14

14. Tentorial index 0.60–0.80 ( Fig. 7 ). ......................... Aphidius setiger (Mackauer, 1961)

– Tentorial index less than 0.6 ( Figs. 2–6, 8 ). ................................................................ 15

15. Anterolateral area of petiole rugose ( Fig. 93 ). .................. Aphidius ervi Haliday, 1834

– Anterolateral area of petiole costate ( Figs. 92, 95 ) or costulate ( Fig. 94 ). .................. 16

16. Anterolateral area of petiole costate ( Figs. 92, 95 ). .................................................... 17

– Anterolateral area of petiole costulate ( Fig. 94 ). ......................................................... 18

17. Antenna 14–15-segmented. Labial palpomeres 2-segmented. Maxillary palpomeres 3–4- segmented ( Fig. 2 ). R1 vein equal or slightly shorter than stigma ( Fig. 30 ). .................. ................................................................................... Aphidius colemani Viereck, 1912

– Antenna 16–17-segmented. Labial palpomeres 2- or 3-segmented. Maxillary palpomeres 4-segmented ( Fig. 8 ). R1 vein as half as stigma ( Fig. 43 ). .............................................. ............................................................................ Aphidius transcaspicus Telenga, 1958

18. Labial palpus with two palpomeres ( Figs. 5, 6 ). ......................................................... 19

– Labial palpus with three palpomeres ( Figs. 3, 4 ). ....................................................... 22

19. R1 vein (= metacarpus) very short, 0.15–0.2× as long as stigma length ( Fig. 37 ). ......... ............................................................................................ Aphidius popovi Starý, 1978

– R1 vein longer, 0.45–1.10× as long as stigma ( Figs. 34–36 ). ..................................... 20

20. R1 vein short, 0.45–0.55× as long as stigma length. Fore wing stigma widely triangular ( Fig. 36 ). Ovipositor sheath elongated ( Fig. 103 ). Antenna (16)–17-segmented. ........... ................................................................... Aphidius persicus Rakhshani & Starý, 2006

– R1 vein elongated, 0.70–1.105× as long as stigma length. Fore wing stigma elongately triangular, as long as R1 vein ( Fig. 34, 35 ). Ovipositor sheath short ( Fig. 101, 102 ). Antennae 14–15(16)-segmented. ................................................................................ 21

21. Maxillary palpus 3-segmented ( Fig. 5 ), ovipositor sheath stout, 1.70–1.90× as long as its maximum width at base ( Fig. 102 ). R1 vein 1.00–1.10× as long as stigma ( Fig. 35 ). ............................................................................... Aphidius matricariae Haliday, 1834

– Maxillary palpus 4-segmented, ovipositor sheath elongated, 2.00–2.20× as long as its maximum width at base ( Fig. 101 ). R1 vein 0.70–0.75× as long as stigma ( Fig. 34 ). .... ................................................................................. Aphidius hieraciorum Starý, 1962

22. Antennae 13–14-segmented. .................................... Aphidius cf. salicis Haliday, 1834

– Antennae with more than 15-segments........................................................................23

23. Ovipositor sheath elongate and strongly prominent ( Fig. 100 ). ....................................... ................................................................................. Aphidius funebris Mackauer, 1961

– Ovipositor sheath stout and broad. .............................................................................. 24

24. Antennae 16–18-segmented. ....................................................................................... 25

– Antennae 19–21-segmented. ....................................................................................... 27

25. R1 vein short, 0.50–0.56× as long as stigma length ( Fig. 39 ). Flagellomere 1 with 4–6 longitudinal placodes. ..................................................... Aphidius rosae Haliday, 1834

– R1 vein long, 0.75–1.00× as long as stigma length ( Figs. 38 , 44 ). Flagellomere 1 with 0–2 longitudinal placodes. .......................................................................................... 26

26. Fore wing stigma widely triangular, 2.80–3.10× as long as its width ( Fig. 44 ). .............. ....................................................................... Aphidius uzbekistanicus Luzhetzki, 1960

– Fore wing stigma elongately triangular, 3.30–3.90× as long as its width ( Fig. 38 ). ........ ............................................................... Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani-Perez, 1902

27. Fore wing stigma 1.80–2.10× as long as R1 vein ( Fig. 31 ). ............................................ ................................................................. Aphidius eadyi Starý, Gonzalez & Hall, 1980

– Fore wing stigma 1.30–1.50× as long as R1 vein ( Fig. 42 ). ............................................. .................................................................. Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao, 1959

28. Ovipositor sheath apically truncated ( Figs. 99, 108 ). Dorsal aspect of propodeum carinated ( Figs. 65, 66 ). ............................................................................................................... 29

– Ovipositor sheath apically pointed ( Fig. 96–98 ). Dorsal aspect of propodeum smooth or with two short divergent carinae at lower part ( Fig. 64, 67 ). ...................................... 30

29. Dorsal aspect of propodeum with complete central areola ( Fig. 66 ). Fore wing M+m-cu vein absent ( Fig. 47 ). Dorsal aspect of petiole smooth. ................................................... ................................................................................ Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh, 1855)

– Dorsal aspect of propodeum with incomplete central areola ( Fig. 65 ). Fore wing M+m-cu vein present but incomplete ( Fig. 29 ). Dorsal aspect of petiole with a pair of convergent grooves ( Fig. 78 ). ........................................................ Aphidius arvensis (Starý, 1960)

30. Fore wing M+m-cu vein absent ( Figs. 26–28 ). ........................................................... 31

– Fore wing M+m-cu vein present, but incomplete ( Figs. 51–53 ). ............................... 33

31. Ovipositor sheath considerably elongated, length/width ratio of 2.80–3.10 ( Fig. 96 ). R1 vein (= metacarpus) 0.70–0.80× as long as fore wing stigma ( Fig. 26 ). .......................... ............................................................................... Adialytus ambiguus (Haliday, 1834)

– Ovipositor sheath stout, length/width ratio less than 2.20–2.70 ( Figs. 97, 98 ). R1 vein (= metacarpus) 0.90–1.00× as long as fore wing stigma ( Figs. 27, 28 ). ......................... 32

32. Flagellar segments (1–4) sub-quadrate, slightly longer than their maximum width l/w ratio of 1.50–1.60, covered with long and prevalently erected setae. Ovipositor sheath sharply angular ( Fig. 98 ). Petiole 1.80–2.00× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 77 ). ..... ...................................................................................... Adialytus thelaxis ( Starý, 1961)

– Flagellar segments (1–4) cylindrical, considerably longer than their maximum width, l/w ratio of 2.30–2.90, covered with semi-erected setae. Ovipositor sheath roundly angular ( Fig. 97 ). Petiole 2.20–2.40× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 76 ). ............................... ................................................................................... Adialytus salicaphis (Fitch, 1855)

33. R1 vein distinctly shorter than fore wing stigma ( Fig. 52 ). Labial palps 2-segmented. .. ............................................................................... Lysiphlebus desertorum Starý, 1965

– R1 vein distinctly longer than fore wing stigma ( Figs. 51, 53 ). Labial palps 1-segmented ( Fig. 10 ). ...................................................................................................................... 34

34. Fore wing marginal setae longer than those on the surface ( Fig. 51 ). ............................. .............................................................. Lysiphlebus confusus Tremblay & Eady, 1978

– Fore wing marginal setae as long as those on the surface ( Fig. 53 ). ................................ ........................................................................... Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall, 1896)

35. Petiole with primary and secondary tubercles ( Figs. 79–81 ). ..................................... 36

– Petiole with only primary tubercles ( Fig. 91 ). ............................................................ 38

36. Prongs strongly curved upward ( Fig. 107 ). ........... Binodoxys heraclei (Haliday, 1833)

– Prongs slightly curved upward ( Figs. 105, 106 ). ........................................................ 37

37. Distance between primary and secondary tubercles less than width at spiracles ( Fig. 79 ). ................................................................... Binodoxys acalephae (Marshall, 1896)

– Distance between primary and secondary tubercles more than width at spiracles ( Fig. 80 ). ...................................................................... Binodoxys angelicae (Haliday, 1833)

38. Ovipositor sheath short, 2.10–2.20× as long as its maximum width at base ( Fig. 121 ). R1 vein 0.60–0.80× as long as stigma length ( Fig. 62 ). .................................................. ................................................................................... Trioxys complanatus Quilis, 1931

– Ovipositor sheath elongated, 2.90–3.10× as long as it maximum width at base ( Fig. 122 ). R1 vein as half as stigma length ( Fig. 63 ). ....................................................................... ..................................................................................... Trioxys pallidus (Haliday, 1833)

Figures

Figs. 17–25. Mesoscutum (females). 17 – Aphidius eadyi Starý, Gonzalez & Hall, 1980; 18 – Binodoxys heraclei (Haliday, 1833); 19 – Praon barbatum Mackauer, 1959; 20 – Praon exsoletum (Nees, 1811); 21 – Praon gallicum Starý, 1971; 22 – Praon cf. necans Mackauer, 1959; 23 – Praon pubescens Starý, 1961; 24 – Praon volucre (Haliday, 1833); 25 – Praon yomenae Takada, 1968.

Figs. 54–63. Fore wings (females). 54 – Pauesia antennata (Mukerji, 1950); 55 – Praon barbatum Mackauer, 1959; 56 – Praon exsoletum (Nees, 1811); 57 – Praon gallicum Starý, 1971; 58 – Praon cf. necans Mackauer, 1959; 59 – Praon pubescens Starý, 1961; 60 – Praon volucre (Haliday, 1833); 61 – Praon yomenae Takada, 1968; 62 – Trioxys complanatus Quilis, 1931; 63 – Trioxys pallidus (Haliday, 1833).

Figs. 111–122. Lateral aspect of genitalia (females). 111 – Ephedrus plagiator (Nees, 1811); 112 – Lysiphlebus desertorum Starý, 1965; 113 – Pauesia antennata (Mukerji, 1950); 114 – Praon barbatum Mackauer, 1959; 115 – Praon exsoletum (Nees, 1811); 116 – Praon gallicum Starý, 1971; 117 – Praon cf. necans Mackauer, 1959; 118 – Praon pubescens Starý, 1961; 119 – Praon volucre (Haliday, 1833); 120 – Praon yomenae Takada, 1968; 121 – Trioxys complanatus Quilis, 1931; 122 – Trioxys pallidus (Haliday, 1833).

Figs. 64–75. Propodeum (females). 64 – Adialytus ambiguus (Haliday, 1834); 65 – Aphidius arvensis (Starý, 1960); 66 – Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh, 1855); 67 – Lysiphlebus confusus Tremblay & Eady, 1978; 68 – Pauesia antennata (Mukerji, 1950); 69 – Praon barbatum Mackauer, 1959; 70 – Praon exsoletum (Nees, 1811) 71 – Praon gallicum Starý, 1971; 72 – Praon cf. necans Mackauer, 1959; 73 – Praon pubescens Starý, 1961; 74 – Praon volucre (Haliday, 1833); 75 – Praon yomenae Takada, 1968.

Figs. 1–16. Head and mouthparts (females). 1 – Adialytus ambiguus (Haliday, 1834); 2 – Aphidius colemani Viereck, 1912; 3 – Aphidius eadyi Starý, Gonzalez & Hall, 1980; 4 – Aphidius funebris Mackauer, 1961; 5 – Aphidius matricariae Haliday, 1834; 6 – Aphidius popovi Starý, 1978; 7 – Aphidius setiger (Mackauer, 1961); 8 – Aphidius transcaspicus Telenga, 1958; 9 – Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh, 1855); 10 – Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall, 1896); 11 – Praon barbatum Mackauer, 1959; 12 – Praon exsoletum (Nees, 1811); 13 – Praon gallicum Starý, 1971; 14 – Praon cf. necans Mackauer, 1959; 15 – Praon pubescens Starý, 1961; 16 – Praon volucre (Haliday, 1833).

Figs. 76–91. Dorsal aspect of petiole. 76 – Adialytus salicaphis (Fitch, 1855); 77 – Adialytus thelaxis (Starý, 1961); 78 – Aphidius arvensis (Starý, 1960); 79 – Binodoxys acalephae (Marshall, 1896); 80 – Binodoxys angelicae (Haliday, 1833); 81 – Binodoxys heraclei (Haliday, 1833); 82 – Ephedrus niger Gautier, Bonnamour & Gaumont, 1929; 83 – Ephedrus persicae Froggatt, 1904; 84 – Praon barbatum Mackauer, 1959; 85 – Praon exsoletum (Nees, 1811); 86 – Praon gallicum Starý, 1971; 87 – Praon cf. necans Mackauer, 1959; 88 – Praon pubescens Starý, 1961; 89 – Praon volucre (Haliday, 1833); 90 – Praon yomenae Takada, 1968; 91 – Trioxys pallidus (Haliday, 1833).

Figs. 40–53. Fore wings (females). 40 – Aphidius cf. salicis Haliday, 1834; 41 – Aphidius setiger (Mackauer, 1961); 42 – Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao, 1959; 43 – Aphidius transcaspicus Telenga, 1958; 44 – Aphidius uzbekistanicus Luzhetzki, 1960; 45 – Binodoxys acalephae (Marshall, 1896); 46 – Binodoxys angelicae (Haliday, 1833); 47 – Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh, 1855); 48 – Ephedrus niger Gautier, Bonnamour & Gaumont, 1929; 49 – Ephedrus persicae Froggatt, 1904; 50 – Ephedrus plagiator (Nees, 1811); 51 – Lysiphlebus confusus Tremblay & Eady, 1978; 52 – Lysiphlebus desertorum Starý, 1965; 53 – Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall, 1896).

Figs. 26–39. Fore wings (females). 26 – Adialytus ambiguus (Haliday, 1834); 27 – Adialytus salicaphis (Fitch, 1855); 28 – Adialytus thelaxis (Starý, 1961); 29 – Aphidius arvensis (Starý, 1960); 30 – Aphidius colemani Viereck, 1912; 31 – Aphidius eadyi Starý, Gonzalez & Hall, 1980; 32 – Aphidius ervi Haliday, 1834; 33 – Aphidius funebris Mackauer, 1961; 34 – Aphidius hieraciorum Starý, 1962; 35 – Aphidius matricariae Haliday, 1834; 36 – Aphidius persicus Rakhshani & Starý, 2006; 37 – Aphidius popovi Starý, 1978; 38 – Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani-Perez, 1902; 39 – Aphidius rosae Haliday, 1834.

Figs. 96–110. Lateral aspect of genitalia (females).96 – Adialytus ambiguus (Haliday, 1834); 97 – Adialytus salicaphis (Fitch, 1855); 98 – Adialytus thelaxis (Starý, 1961); 99 – Aphidius arvensis (Starý, 1960); 100 – Aphidius funebris Mackauer,1961; 101 – Aphidius hieraciorum Starý, 1962; 102 – Aphidius matricariae Haliday, 1834; 103 – Aphidius persicus Rakhshani & Starý, 2006; 104 – Aphidius setiger (Mackauer, 1961); 105 – Binodoxys acalephae (Marshall, 1896); 106 – Binodoxys angelicae (Haliday, 1833); 107 – Binodoxys heraclei (Haliday, 1833); 108 – Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh, 1855); 109 – Ephedrus niger Gautier, Bonnamour & Gaumont, 1929; 110 – Ephedrus persicae Froggatt, 1904.

Figs. 92–95. Lateral aspect of petiole. 92 – Aphidius colemani Viereck, 1912; 93 – Aphidius ervi Haliday, 1834; 94 – Aphidius funebris Mackauer, 1961; 95 – Aphidius transcaspicus Telenga, 1958.