Chloeia nuriae, Yáñez-Rivera & Salazar-Vallejo, 2022

Yáñez-Rivera, Beatriz & Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., 2022, Revision of Chloeia Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 from tropical American seas (Annelida, Amphinomidae), Zootaxa 5128 (4), pp. 503-537 : 518-519

Chloeia nuriae sp. n.

LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:84DCB781-CF77-491B-904F-F00D7D4ABA68

Fig. 7

Chloeia entypa: Hartman 1940: 205–206 , Pl. 32, Figs 14 –20; Hartman 1968: 191–192, Textfigs 1–5 (non Chamberlin, 1919).

Type Material. Gulf of California. Holotype [ICML-EMU-13145] B/ O El Puma, Cruise TALUD XIV, Sta. 1 (28°15’38” N, 111°58’33” W), April 2011, 210 m, 12° C, 34‰, oxygen 0.61 ml/l, M.E. Hendrickx, coll. One paratype [ICML-EMU-13146], B/ O El Puma, Cruise TALUD XIV, Sta. 13 (28°31’56” N, 112°18’12” W), Apr. 2011, 181 m, 12° C, 34‰, oxygen 1.25 ml/l, TALUD cruise party, coll.

Additional material. California. [ LACM 876-38 ], Anacapa Island , off NE coast, dredged, shell fragments, 81 m, 1 Aug. 1938 . Gulf of California. B/ O El Puma, Cruise Cortes III, Sta. 21 (28°08’ N, 112°41’ W), Aug. 1985 , 112 m, 16° C, 35‰, 6.9 OM, oxygen 2.22 ml/l, M.E. Hendrickx, coll., B/O El Puma, Cruise Cortes III, Sta. 38 (31°04’ N, 114°16’ W), Aug. 1985, 64 m, 26° C, 35‰, 3 OM, oxygen 3.51 ml/l (2), M.E. Hendrickx, coll. Western Mexico. B/O El Puma, Cruise Cortes II, Sta. 62-B (21°38’ N, 106°31’ W), Mar. 1985, 30 m, 22° C, 35‰, 4.2 OM, oxygen 5.29 ml/l, M.E. Hendrickx, coll. Panama. [ LACM 244-34 ], Bahía Honda , Medidor and Pacora Islands, dredged, mud, shell fragments, coarse sand, 54–63 m, 2 Feb. 1934 (2) . Colombia. [ LACM 431-35 ], Octavia Bay , south end of channel, dredged, sand and gravel, 81 m, 27 Jan. 1935 . [ LACM 855-38 ), Gorgona Island , off northern tip, dredged, mud and rocks, 18–36 m, 24 Feb. 1938 (2). Ecuador. [ LACM 213-34 ], La Plata Island, north or anchorage, dredged, rocky bottom, 13-18 m, 10 Feb. 1934.

Diagnosis. Chloeia with a reddish dorsal longitudinal band; caruncle black, tapered; branchiae from chaetiger 4; chaetiger 2 with ventral cirri markedly longer than following ones; chaetal bundles homogeneously pale.

Description. Holotype [EMU 13145] with body fusiform, complete, 31.5 mm long, 7 mm wide, 31 chaetigers. Live pigmentation pattern consists of a broad, reddish, dorsal longitudinal band, violet dorsal cirri, reddish branchiae and black caruncle ( Fig. 7A, B, H ). Preserved paratypes in ethanol retained this pigmentation pattern. Worms fixed with formaldehyde pale, posterior region with reddish strip; caruncle and dorsal cirri retain pigmentation.

Prostomium semicircular with four red eyes, anterior eyes about 8× larger than posteriors ( Fig. 7C ). Median antenna inserted anterior to caruncle (1.7 mm long), longer than lateral antennae (1 mm). Anterior prostomial area blackish. Palps located laterally on buccal lips, as long as antennae (1 mm). Mouth ventral on chaetiger 2.

Caruncle blackish, trilobed, oval, tapered, slightly twisted (2.5 mm long, 7 mm wide) reaching chaetiger 4. Median lobe plicate, with about 21 vertical folds. Between each pair of these folds, a circular median projection. Lateral lobes narrow, plicated, each with about 21 folds ( Fig. 7B, C ). Bipinnate branchiae from chaetiger 4, continued throughout body.

Parapodia biramous, notopodia with cirriform branchiae along first three chaetigers, longer than dorsal cirri. Second ventral cirri (4.5 mm) more than 3× longer than contiguous ones (1 to 1.2 mm).

All chaetae furcates, proportion between chaetae tines 1:4–1:5. Neurochaetae include long and short chaetae ( Fig. 7D, E ). Notochaetae longer and wider than neurochaetae ( Fig. 7F, G ).

Anus dorsal; pygidium with digitate anal cirri ( Fig. 7I ).

Etymology. This species is named in honor of Dr. Nuria Méndez-Ubach (ICML-UNAM); in recognition of her enthusiastic interest in the study of ecology of polychaetes from the Gulf of California, her ecotoxicological studies on Capitella spp. , and because she has been very supportive of our research activities. The derived name is a noun in the genitive case ( ICZN 1999, Art. 31.1.2).

Variation. Northernmost specimen (LACM 876-38) is a juvenile, 7 mm long, 2 mm wide, 16 chaetigers; pigmentation faded on dorsum, dorsal cirri and branchial bases; caruncle pale, barely rugose, lacking distinct folds; anterior prostomial area blackish, anterior eyes 2× larger than posteriors; ventral cirri of chaetiger 2 2× longer than those on adjacent chaetigers. The southernmost specimens (LACM 213-34, LACM 244-34, LACM 855-38) have a paler caruncle, but other features resemble those described above, such as the blackish anterior prostomial area, the size proportions of eyes, the middorsal wide reddish band, and the purple dorsal cirri. Some specimens have a purple spot on the branchial bases. Also, notochaetae include furcates and aciculars but harpoon-chaetae are not present.

Remarks. Chloeia nuriae sp. n. resembles C. entypa due to the long ventral cirri in chaetiger 2 (proportion 3:1) and red eyes. These two species differ, however, in the pigmentation pattern, caruncle features, and size of eyes. In Chloeia nuriae , the dorsal cirri are pale, without pigmentation, the pigmentation pattern includes a broad longitudinal dorsal stripe, the caruncle is black to dark gray, with thin folds, and the anterior eyes are about 6× larger than posteriors. The dorsal cirri of C. entypa are violet, the caruncle is pale with wide folds, and anterior eyes are 4× larger than posteriors. These two species are distributed along the Eastern Pacific; however, C. nuriae is limited to the Gulf of California, while C. entypa was described from Western Mexico, and is a deep-water species.

Distribution. Gulf of California to Ecuador, occasionaly in California, in sediments at water depths of 13– 210 m.

Figures

FIGURE 7. Chloeia nuriae sp. n., holotype (EMU 13145). A. Dorsal view, recently collected. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Prostomium and caruncle. D. Neurochaeta from first chaetiger. E. Neurochaeta from same chaetiger 10. F. Notochaetae from first chaetiger. G. Notochaeta from chaetiger 10. H. Pigmentation pattern from median segments. I. Posterior end with cirriform lobes. A, D–I. Holotype; B, C. Paratypes (ADC: accessory cirriform branchiae, Br: bipinnate branchiae, DC: dorsal cirri, Li: lips, LL: lateral lobes, MA: median antenna, ML: median lobe, Pa: palps, PA: paired antennae). Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, C, 1 mm; D, 20 μm; E, 15 μm; F, G, 50 μm; H, 2 mm; I, 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 14. Chloeia viridis Schmarda, 1861, restricted. A. Complete live specimen from Florida, dorsal view. B. Another specimen from Florida (USNM 4532), anterior end, dorsal view (LL: lateral (plicated basal) lobes, MA: median antenna, ML: median (plicate) lobe, PA: paired antennae). C. Illustration from Schmarda (1861). D. Specimen from Colombia (UMML 22.913), pigmentation pattern from median segments. E. Specimen from Puerto Rico (USNM 15919), neurochaeta from first chaetiger. F, G. Same, neurochaetae from median chaetigers. H, I. Same, notochaetae from median chaetigers. Scale bars: B, 1 mm; D, 2 mm; E, F, 20 μm; G, 50 μm; H, I, 10 μm (Photo A: Eric Vaandering).