Eupatorus gracillicornis prandii, Moskalenko, 2017

Moskalenko, Sergey, 2017, A new subspecies of Eupatorus gracillicornis Arrow, 1908 from Southern Vietnam (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae), Insecta Mundi 2017 (580), pp. 1-10 : 2-3

Eupatorus gracillicornis prandii subsp. nov.

( Fig. 1–8 , 33–42 , 67, 68 , 74 , 80 , 88 )

Description. Mostly black, elytra straw-colored except for black sutural and external margins.

Holotype. Length 62.8 mm, width 34.8 mm. Clypeus with two small teeth. Head with long cephalic horn that may be strongly curved backwards or more or less straight. Pronotum sparsely punctate, mainly on the sides, shiny, with two anterior pronotal horns and two posterior horns, pair of posterior horns ~33% shorter than anterior pair. Elytra elongate, oval, 1.17 times as long as wide, widest behind the middle part. Elytra shiny, sparsely punctate near the sutural stripe. The sutural stripe is thick, expanded near the scutellum.

Allotype. Length 62.5 mm, width 31.9 mm. Clypeus with two small teeth, pronotum simply convex, strongly punctate, and closely rugose at sides. Pronotum with oval dimple at center of basal part. Elytra elongate, oval, 1.17 times as long as wide, widest behind the middle part, strongly punctate on the disc, covered with extremely short pubescence.

Diagnosis

The new subspecies is most similar to E. g. gracillicornis , but differs in the following ways:

Males. The posterior pronotal horns are distinctly shorter than the anterior ones (all pronotal horns of E. g. gracillicornis are roughly equal in length). In medium-sized males, the anterior pronotal horns are directed more forward and pointed inwards at the apex (anterior pronotal horns of medium-sized E. g. gracillicornis males are directed more outward). The sutural stripe is distinctly wider, expanded near the scutellum.

Genitalia differ from those of E. g. gracillicornis by having parameres that are wider at the apex and are smoothly curved in the central part of the outer margin, (when viewed dorsally; Fig. 80 ). The parameres of E. g. gracillicornis are distinctly protruded ( Fig. 81 ). When viewed laterally, the dorsal margin of the phallobase is much more convex than that of E. g. gracillicornis .

Males are also distinguishable from those of the Malaysian subspecies E. g. davidgohi by the relatively long posterior pronotal horns (they are 2/3 as long as the anterior pronotal horns, compared to 1/3 as long in E. g. davidgohi), the more punctate pronotum, the slightly shorter tarsus, and the wider sutural stripe.

Females. The elytra are more strongly punctate on the disc, less shiny, and covered with a very short brown pubescence that gives them a velvety appearance. Some individuals have an oval dimple in the middle of the basal part of pronotum, that is not present in nominotypical subspecies.

Females are also easily distinguishable from those of E. g. davidgohi, which have less punctate elytra without pubescence, and have more slender tarsi.

Measurements. Males (n = 248), length: 48.1–73.9, width: 26.3–39.2. Females (n = 92), length: 46–62.5, width: 24.7–33.

Type material. Holotype. ♂, Da Lat, Lam Dong Prov. S. Vietnam. XI.2015 , Allotype. ♀, Bidoup Nui Ba N.P. 1550 alt. Lam Dong Prov. S. Vietnam. X.2014 ; Paratypes: 210♂♂, 81♀♀, the same data as for the holotype ; 3♂♂, the same data as for the holotype but XII.20016 ; 29♂♂, 8♀♀, the same data as for the allotype ; 2♂♂ the same data as for the allotype but VI.2014 ; ♂ Da Tro, Binh Thuan Prov. S. Vietnam. X.2013 ; ♂ Dạ Ton, Bao Lam, Lam Dong Prov. S. Vietnam. X.2014 ; ♂, ♀ Loc Tan, Bao Lam, Lam Dong Prov. S. Vietnam. X.2014 ; ♀ Bao Loc, Lam Dong Prov. S. Vietnam. X.2014 .

Type depositories. The holotype, allotype and two additional paratypes will be entrusted to MNHM. Some paratypes will be deposited in the author’s collection and also in collections of Messrs. Massimo Prandi, Kazuho Kobayashi and Miss Kate Ford.

Distribution. Lam Dong and Binh Thuan provinces, S. Vietnam.

Etymology. This new subspecies is named after Mr. Massimo Prandi from Italy, who provided invaluable assistance in my research.

Figures

Figure 88. Eupatorus gracillicornis prandii ssp. nov. holotype and allotype close-up view (Scale bar – 1 cm).

Figures 1–32. Eupatorus gracillicornis ssp. males in dorsal view (Scale bar – 2 cm). 1–8) Eupatorus gracillicornis prandii ssp. nov. from S. Vietnam, Lam Dong Prov. 1) Holotype. 2–8) Paratypes. 9–13) Eupatorus g. gracillicornis from N. Vietnam, Sa Pa, Lao Cai Prov. 14) Same from N. Vietnam, Pioac Mt. Cao Bang Prov. 15) Same from W. Malaysia, Perak. 16) Eupatorus g. davidgohi from W. Malaysia, Genting Highlands 17) Eupatorus g. gracillicornis from N. Thailand, Wiang Pa Pao, Chang Rai 18, 19, 21) Same from NW. Thailand, Ban Mae, Umphang 20) Same from N. Thailand, Mae Wang, Chang Mai 22) Same from N. Thailand, Doi Saket 23–24) Eupatorus g. edai paratypes from W. Thailand, W. Tak Prov. 25–26) Eupatorus g. gracillicornis from S. China, S. Yunnan, Liyngshan Mt. 27–30) Same from NE. Laos, Mt. Phan 31–32) Eupatorus g. kimioi from SW. Thailand, Kanchanaburi Prov.

Figures 33–66. Eupatorus gracillicornis ssp. males in lateral view (Scale bar – 2 cm). 33–42) Eupatorus g. prandii ssp. nov. from S. Vietnam, Lam Dong. 33) Holotype. 34–42) Paratypes. 43–46) Eupatorus g. gracillicornis from NE. Laos, Mt. Phan 47, 48) Same, from S. China, S. Yunnan, Liyngshan Mt. 49) Same, from N. Thailand, Doi Saket 50–52) Same, from NW. Thailand, Ban Mae, Umphang 53) Same, from N. Thailand, Mae Wang, Chang Mai 54) Same, from N. Thailand, Wiang Pa Pao, Chang Rai 55) Same, from N. Vietnam. Pioac Mt. Cao Bang Prov. 56, 57) Eupatorus g. kimioi from SW. Thailand, Kanchanaburi Prov. 58, 59) Eupatorus g. edai paratypes from W. Thailand, W. Tak Prov. 60) Eupatorus g. davidgohi from W. Malaysia, Genting Highlands 61) Eupatorus g. gracillicornis from W. Malaysia, Perak 62–66) Eupatorus g. gracillicornis from N. Vietnam, Sa Pa, Lao Cai Prov.

Figures 67–73. Eupatorus gracillicornis ssp. females in dorsal view (Scale bar – 2cm). 67, 68) Eupatorus gracillicornis prandii ssp. nov. from S. Vietnam, Lam Dong Prov. 67) Allotype. 68) Paratype. 69) Eupatorus g. gracillicornis from N. Vietnam, Pioac Mt. Cao Bang Prov. 70) Same from N. Vietnam, Sa Pa, Lao Cai Prov. 71) Same from NE. Laos, Mt. Phan 72) Same from N. Thailand, Doi Saket 73) Eupatorus g. davidgohi from W. Malaysia, Genting Highlands.

Figures 74–79. Eupatorus gracillicornis ssp. major males head and pronotum in dorsal view. 74) Eupatorus gracillicornis prandii ssp. nov. holotype from S. Vietnam, Lam Dong Prov. 75) Eupatorus g. gracillicornis from N. Thailand, Wiang Pa Pao 76) Same from N. Vietnam, Sa Pa, Lao Cai Prov 77) Eupatorus g. davidgohi from W. Malaysia, Genting Highlands 78) Eupatorus g. edai paratype from W. Thailand, W. Tak Prov. 79) Eupatorus g. kimioi from SW. Thailand, Kanchanaburi Prov.

Figures 80–84. Male genitalia of Eupatorus gracillicornis ssp. in caudal and lateral view. 80) Eupatorus gracillicornis prandii ssp. nov. from S.Vietnam, Lam Dong Prov. 81) Eupatorus g. gracillicornis from N. Thailand, Chang Rai 82) Eupatorus g. kimioi from SW.Thailand, Kanchanaburi Prov. 83) Eupatorus g. edai from W. Thailand, W. Tak Prov. 84) Eupatorus g. davidgohi holotype from W. Malaysia, Fraser’s Hill; this illustration is derived from a photograph of the holotype presented in Yamaya (2013).