Xylocopa (Xylocopoides) virginica virginica (Linnaeus 1771)

Gibbs, Jason, Ascher, John S., Rightmyer, Molly G. & Isaacs, Rufus, 2017, The bees of Michigan (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), with notes on distribution, taxonomy, pollination, and natural history, Zootaxa 4352 (1), pp. 1-160 : 67

Xylocopa (Xylocopoides) virginica virginica (Linnaeus 1771)

County records: Allegan, Barry, Berrien, Branch, Calhoun, Cass, Clare, Clinton, Eaton, Hillsdale, Ingham, Ionia, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Kent, Lake, Lapeer, Leelanau, Lenawee, Livingston, Macomb, Muskegon, Newaygo, Oakland, Oceana, Saginaw, Sanilac, Shiawassee, Tuscola, Van Buren, Washtenaw, Wayne.

Notes. Carpenter bees are frequently found in man-made structures, but only occasionally are discovered in natural sites ( Howard 1892). Xylocopa virginica has both single and multi-female nests. Social nests are unusual in that daughters may occupy nests without functioning as traditional workers ( Richards 2011).