Pycnoides zambiaensis, Sanborn, 2020

Sanborn, Allen F., 2020, Redescription of the cicada genus Pycna Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadinae: Platypleurini) with the formation of two new genera, one new species, one revised species status and twenty-four new combinations, Zootaxa 4722 (2), pp. 157-174 : 164-169

Pycnoides zambiaensis n. sp. Sanborn

( Fig. 3 )

TYPE MATERIAL.— Holotype. “N. Rhodesia: / 24 mi. N. of / Livingstone / III–5–58, 1180m // E.S. Ross & / R. E. Leech / collectors” male ( CASC) (CASTYPE number 19861). Paratypes. Same data as holotype, two males ( CASC), one male ( AFSC) .

The type locality is located in what is now the Southern Province of Zambia so the type locality should be listed as 24 mi. N. of Livingstone , Southern Province, Zambia .

ETYMOLOGY.—The name is a combination of zambia – for the country of origin and –ensis (L. suffix denoting place).

DESCRIPTION

Head and pronotum tawny marked with piceous, mesonotum and abdomen castaneous marked with piceous. Mesonotum with areas of dense golden pile, abdominal tergites covered with dense piceous pile.

Head

Head not as wide as mesonotum, tawny with transverse piceous fascia along anterior vertex, piceous fascia from anterior margin of eye to anterior lateral ocellus with laterad curve extending posteriorly lateral to lateral ocellus, posterior cranial depression and spot between posterior cranial depression and eye piceous. Covered with radiating long piceous pile, short silvery on dorsal head, denser posterior to eye. Ocelli rosaceous, eyes dark tawny. Ventral head tawny with piceous fascia between eye and lateral anterior vertex fascia, castaneous spot on ventro- medial margin with lorum, anterior lorum tawny, posterior lorum castaneous with piceous posteromedial margin, thick, short golden pile on lorum and gena. Postclypeus dark tawny, piceous transverse fascia on dorsum, castaneous within central sulcus and nine of ten transverse grooves, all grooves completely or variably marked with castaneous in paratypes, long piceous pile radiating from postclypeus, lateral postclypeus with white pubescence, pubescence extending into transverse grooves and central sulcus in some paratypes. Anteclypeus castaneous anterior carina, posterolateral region and posterior margin, covered with long piceous pile and white pubescence. Mentum ochraceous, labium ochraceous striped with castaneous with piceous tip, rostrum radiating short golden pile, reaching to posterior of sternite III. Proximal scape and pedicel piceous, annular distal scape and remaining antennal segments castaneous.

Thorax

Pronotum tawny with piceous markings, longitudinal fascia along midline between anterior margin and ambient fissure, expanding laterally to produce triangular mark on either side of midline posterior to anterior margin, reduced to fascia in some paratypes, midline mark connecting to piceous mark in posterior paramedian fissure, anterior paramedian fissure piceous, mark extending around lateral ambient fissure and through lateral fissure, short transverse fascia across midline in ambient fissure, C-shaped mark extending laterad from middle of paramedian fissure on disk. Pronotal collar tawny with piceous margin, piceous expanding on anterior lateral margin. Pronotum covered with short silvery pile and radiating long piceous pile, denser in some paratypes. Mesonotum castaneous with ochraceous anterolateral margin, central piceous fascia widening posteriorly and expanding laterally anterior to cruciform elevation to cross middle of anterior arm of cruciform elevation, anterior wing groove ochraceous, posterior wing groove dark castaneous, cruciform elevation ochraceous posteriorly. Metanotum piceous anteriorly ochraceous posteriorly. Dorsum radiating long piceous pile, short golden pile on dorsum, very dense on anterolateral margin in some paratypes, very dense long golden pile between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, between anterior and posterior arms of cruciform elevation, on posterior mesonotum, in wing groove, and on posterior metanotum. Ventral thoracic segments tawny, anepisternum 2 with thick dark castaneous lateral margin, basisternum 2, basisternum 3, medial half of episternum 3, dark castaneous, markings piceous in some paratypes, covered with long golden pile and dense white pubescence.

Wings

Fore wings and hind wings opaque medially, hyaline distally with eight and six apical cells respectively. Venation castaneous, piceous fascia on base of costal margin, piceous spot crossing costal margin to radius & subcostal vein at about one third the distance of the radial cell, piceous spot on posterior base, dark castaneous spot on anterior base. Opaque basal area testaceous marked with ochraceous and white. Basal cell and proximal fore wing to nodal line testaceous except for ochraceous across basal radial cell, medial cell and cubital cell, middle of radial cell, this spot margined in white, distal radial cell, base of and a pair of spots by nodal line in ulnar cell 3, a spot along nodal line of medial cell, a spot margined in white near distal medial cell, testaceous in basal third a central spot and distal margin of ulnar cell 1, basal half a central spot and distal margin of ulnar cell 2, basal half, except for ochraceous spots, and distal margin of ulnar cell 3, testaceous along cubitus anterior 1 expanding along ambient vein of apical cell 8, mediocubital crossvein, base of median veins 3 and 4median crossvein, base of median vein2, radiomedial crossvein, radius posterior to radial crossvein and base of radius anterior, testaceous spot on distal radius anterior 2, paired testaceous spots separated by white on distal radius posterior, median veins 1–4, ambient vein of apical cell 8 and testaceous spots in apical cell 8 margined with white. Pterostigma absent. Basal membrane of fore wing gray. Hind wing ochraceous basally becoming tawny distally, venation castaneous basally, ochraceous distally. Entire plaga, anal cell 3 along anal veins 2 and 3, anal cell 2 and anal cell 1 along anal vein 2, cubital cell 2 along cubitus posterior vain, medial cell along median vein, basal radial cell along radius posterior vein base of apical cell 3 along median vein 2, and base of apical cell 4 along median veins 2 and 3&4 light gray.

Legs

Legs tawny marked with castaneous and piceous. Coxae, trochanters, and femora with margins castaneous, piceous anterolateral margin on coxae, fore femora striped with castaneous, fore tibiae dark castaneous with piceous base and darker distal terminus, middle tibiae lighter castaneous with piceous proximal and distal termini, hind tibiae tawny with piceous base. Fore femora with primary spine absent, secondary spine a broad triangle, tertiary spine not as wide, also triangular, secondary and tertiary spines the same length, both upright and piceous. Fore tarsi piceous with castaneous base on mesotarsus in holotype, middle tarsi piceous, hind tarsi light castaneous with darker distal margin, tibial spurs and comb dark castaneous. Pretarsal claws castaneous with piceous tips. Legs radiating long golden pile.

Operculum

Male operculum ochraceous with piceous anterior margin, lateral margin curved, reflexed dorsally, posterior margin straight to small angle at level of medial hind coxa reaching to posterior of sternite III, reaching to anterior sternite IV in some paratypes, acutely rounded medial margin, medial margins not touching ranging from almost meeting to well separated, covered with long golden pile radiating from operculum, white pubescence on anterior, denser in some paratypes. Meracanthus an elongated triangle, ochraceous with piceous base, extending over anterior margin of operculum.

Abdomen

Abdominal tergites 1 and 2 piceous, tergites 3–6 castaneous with piceous mark on anterior dorsolateral margin of tergite 3, tergite 7 castaneous anteriorly with ochraceous posterior margin and piceous lateral spot, tergite 8 ochraceous pith piceous anterior margin, castaneous anterior margin in some paratypes, tergites covered with long golden pile on dorsum of tergites 2–4, remaining tergites covered and dense piceous pile, tergites 7–8 with dense white pubescence. Timbal cover complete, timbal completely hidden, ochraceous posterolaterally expanded, covered with golden pile. Male sternites I–II piceous, sternites III–VII tawny with castaneous anterior margin, castaneous expanding on lateral sternite, spiracles white. Epipleurites tawny. Sternites and epipleurites radiating long golden pile, piceous pile radiating from posterior half of sternite VII, white pubescence on medial sternites I–II, lateral sternites III–VII, and epipleurites. Sternite VIII tawny, radiating piceous pile, denser laterally and posteriorly, open V-shaped when viewed from posterior.

Genitalia

Male pygofer castaneous dorsally, piceous laterally with piceous posterior margin, tawny ventral margin and dorsoposterior spot, distal shoulder broadly rounded, recurved mediad, dorsal beak small, pointed, broadly triangular, pygofer with short golden pile ventrally and laterally, longer piceous pile radiating from dorsoposterior. Upper pygofer lobe absent, pygofer basal lobes elongated, concave medially, angled laterally, adpressed to pygofer, with rounded tip, radiating short golden pile. Anal styles tawny radiating dense, short golden pile, anal tube ochraceous. Median uncus lobe dark castaneous, short, semicircular extension on lateral base covered with dense golden pile, lateral branch of uncus large, meeting dorsomedially before diverging and recurving under aedeagus forming semicircular lateral region supporting the aedeagus near the terminus, covered with short golden pile. Aedeagus large, tubular, dark castaneous, restrained by ventromedial extension of uncus.

Female is unknown.

MEASUREMENTS (MM).—Male. N = 4, mean (range). Length of body: 26.13 (25.25–26.7); length of fore wing: 37.33 (34.95–38.7); width of fore wing: 12.89 (12.25–13.5); length of head: 5.09 (5.0–5.2); width of head including eyes: 10.31 (10.0–10.55); width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: 14.76 (13.85–15.35); width of mesonotum: 11.76 (11.3–12.1).

DIAGNOSIS.—The new species can be distinguished from P. baxteri ( Distant, 1914) n. comb., P. natalensis ( Distant, 1905b) n. comb., P. sylvia ( Distant, 1899b) n. comb. and P. vitticollis ( Jacobi, 1904) n. comb. by the wing span being greater than or equal to 90 mm and the body length being greater than or equal to 30 mm in these species. Similarly, the wing span is less than 70 mm in P. dolosa ( Boulard, 1975a) n. comb., P. passosdecarvalhoi ( Boulard, 1975b) n. comb. and P. umbelinae ( Boulard, 1975b) n. comb. which distinguishes them from the new species. The mainly hyaline fore wing with minor maculation on the distal veins and lack of marking on the crossveins distinguishes P. becarrii ( Lethierry, 1881) n. comb. from the new species. The hind wings are marked with piceous in P. hecuba ( Distant, 1904b) n. comb., P. moniquae ( Boulard, 2012) n. comb. and P. vitrea ( Schumacher, 1913) n. comb. while the new species lacks piceous in the hind wings. The fore wing has with minor maculation on the distal veins and radial, radiomedial and medial crossveins, and the crossvein maculations are not connected to each other in P. quanza ( Distant, 1899a) n. comb. but are in the new species. Pycnoides antinorii ( Lethierry, 1881) n. comb. has a green head and thorax with a wide piceous fascia on the pronotal midline. Pycnoides semiclara ( Germar, 1834) n. comb. also has a green head and thorax, the hind wings are greenish at their base with a fuscous mark on the ambient vein distal to cubital cell 2 and anal vein 1 rather than the head and pronotum being tawny, a castaneous mesonotum and hind wings that are ochraceous at their base and fuscous distally with fuscous veins radiating from the base. The most similar species is P. neavei ( Distant, 1912b) n. comb. but can be distinguished by the head being about 0.67 the width of mesonotum, the pronotal lateral margin reaching the basal cell of the fore wing, the central pronotal fascia widening only posteriorly, the mesonotum with three fasciae, the dorsal postclypeus and transverse grooves being ground color, the rostrum reaching to the anterior of sternite I, and the male opercula barely reach- ing the anterior of sternite II while the head is about 0.88 the width of the mesonotum, the pronotal lateral margin does not reach the basal cell of the fore wing, the central pronotal fascia widens in the middle and posteriorly, the mesonotum has an elongated central fascia and spots in the posterior lateral sigillae, the dorsal postclypeus has a transverse piceous fascia, the transverse grooves are piceous, the rostrum reaches to the posterior of sternite III, and the male opercula reach from the middle of sternite III to anterior of sternite IV in P. zambiaensis n. sp.

DISTRIBUTION.—The species is only known from the type series collected north of Livingstone, South Province, Zambia.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PYCNOIDES N. GEN.

1 Wing span greater than or equal to 90 mm, body length greater than or equal to 30 mm ............................. 2

- Wing span less than 90 mm, body length less than or equal to 30 mm ............................................ 5

2 Pronotum with piceous fascia on dorsal midline............................................................. 3

- Pronotum without piceous fascia on dorsal midline.......................................................... 4

3 Basal half of hind wing piceous, grayish spot on apex of anal cell 3, posterior margin of pronotum strongly sinuate......................................................................... Pycnoides baxteri ( Distant, 1914) n. comb.

- Basal half of hind wing ochraceous, possible darker fascia along median and cubitus posterior veins, fuscous marking on apex of anal cells 2 and 3, posterior margin of pronotum straight................. Pycnoides vitticollis ( Jacobi, 1904) n. comb.

4 Fore wing with continuous transverse fuscous markings extending from the radius & subcostal vein across the radial cell, proximal ulnar cell 3, medial cell, and cubital cell to clavus with second marking along nodal line, subcostal vein straight beyond node......................................................... Pycnoides natalensis ( Distant, 1905b) n. comb.

- Fore wing lacking continuous transverse fuscous markings on basal half with markings found only within individual cells, subcostal vein curved beyond node..................................... Pycnoides sylvia ( Distant, 1899b) n. comb.

5 Wing span less than 70 mm ............................................................................. 6

- Wing span 70–89 mm .................................................................................. 8

6 Basal fore wing opaque, darkly marked with brown and yellow, basal hind wing apical cells, distal anal cell 1 and cubital cells, along median vein, cubitus posterior vein, anal vein 2, and ambient vein marked with fuscous............................................................................... Pycnoides passosdecarvalhoi ( Boulard, 1975b) n. comb.

- Basal fore wing greenish, lightly marked with brown, median vein, cubitus posterior vein, anal vein 2 and ambient vein not marked with fuscous.................................................................................. 7

7 Fore wing with small maculation on crossveins that may be absent, small spot on distal cubitus anterior 1 before junction with ambient vein, pronotum with longitudinal piceous fascia on midline.......... Pycnoides dolosa ( Boulard, 1975a) n. comb.

- Fore wing with large continuous marking from basal apical cell 1 across the crossveins and cells terminating on the medial crossvein, very large spot on distal cubitus anterior 1 at junction with ambient vein, pronotum without longitudinal piceous fascia on midline............................................... Pycnoides umbelinae ( Boulard, 1975b) n. comb.

8 Fore wing with minor maculation on distal veins, no marking on crossveins and basal area only colored................................................................................ Pycnoides becarrii ( Lethierry, 1881) n. comb.

- Fore wing with obvious maculation on distal veins, markings on the crossveins and basal coloring extending to nodal line.. 9 Hind wings marked with piceous....................................................................... 10

- Hind wings without piceous markings................................................................... 12

10 Hind wings ochraceous with central piceous spot......................... Pycnoides hecuba ( Distant, 1904b) n. comb.

- Hind wings piceous on basal half....................................................................... 11

11 Olive green, pronotum with two T-shaped piceous marks, piceous spots on anterior and lateral margins, abdominal tergites piceous with tawny posterior margins, lacking dense white pubescence, rostrum reaching to base of abdomen.......................................................................... Pycnoides vitrea ( Schumacher, 1913) n. comb.

- Ochraceous, pronotum with central fascia and within fissures piceous, abdominal tergites piceous laterally and ochraceous dorsally forming an elongated ochraceous triangle on midline reducing towards posterior, dense white pubescence across posterior mesonotum and tergites 7 and 8, rostrum reaching to sternite II........... Pycnoides moniquae ( Boulard, 2012) n. comb.

12 Fore wing with minor maculation on distal veins and radial, radiomedial and medial crossveins, crossvein maculation not connected to each other................................................ Pycnoides quanza ( Distant, 1899a) n. comb.

- Fore wing with broad maculation on distal veins and radial, radiomedial and medial crossveins, crossvein maculation connected to each other through apical cell veins................................................................... 13

13 Head and pronotum ochraceous or tawny, mesonotum and abdomen castaneous.................................. 14

- Head and thorax greenish............................................................................. 15

14 Head about 0.67 width of mesonotum, pronotal lateral margin reaching basal cell of fore wing, central fascia of pronotum widening posteriorly, mesonotum with three fasciae, dorsal postclypeus and transverse grooves ground color, rostrum reaching to anterior of sternite I, male opercula reaching anterior of sternite II............ Pycnoides neavei ( Distant, 1912b) n. comb.

- Head about 0.88 width of mesonotum, pronotal lateral margin not reaching basal cell of fore wing, central fascia of pronotum widening in the middle and posteriorly, mesonotum with elongated central fascia and spots in posterior lateral sigillae, dorsal postclypeus with transverse fascia, transverse grooves piceous, rostrum reaching to posterior of sternite III, male opercula reaching from middle of sternite III to anterior of sternite IV............................ Pycnoides zambiaensis n. sp.

15 Pronotum with wide central piceous fascia, oblique piceous fascia on pronotal collar, paired spots on distal apical cell veins fuse to form large spot on distal cubitus anterior 1 and median vein 4 with proximal spots fusing across distal apical cells 1–3, dark fuscous on distal hind wing coloration may encircle apical cells........... Pycnoides antinorii ( Lethierry, 1881) n. comb.

- Pronotum without wide central piceous fascia, pronotal collar unmarked, unfused paired spots on distal apical cell veins, dark fuscous on distal hind wing restricted to ambient vein distal to cubital cell 2 and anal cell 1......................................................................................... Pycnoides semiclara ( Germar, 1834) n. comb.

Figures

FIG. 3. Pycnoides zambiaensis n. sp.: A, holotype male habitus; B, holotype male dorsum; C, holotype male timbal; D, paratype male operculum; E, paratype male lateral view of genitalia; F, paratype male posterior view of genitalia. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B, 5 mm; C—F, 2 mm.