Stenosagola Broun, 1921

Park, J. - S. & Carlton, C. E., 2013, A Revision of the New Zealand GenusStenosagolaBroun, 1921 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae: Faronitae), The Coleopterists Bulletin 67 (3), pp. 335-359 : 336-338

Stenosagola Broun, 1921

Stenosagola Broun 1921: 504 . Hudson 1923: 366, 1934: 184; Newton and Chandler 1989: 18; Klimaszewski et al. 1996: 147; Newton and Thayer 2005a; Nomura and Leschen 2006: 244.

Type Species. Stenosagola planiocula Broun (designated by Newton and Chandler 1989: 18).

Diagnosis. Species of Stenosagola are polymorphic with three primary phenotypes: winged males; wingless males; and wingless females. Winged females have not been documented. Winged male specimens have longer antennomeres ( Figs. 2a , 8a ), larger eyes ( Figs. 2d , 8d ), longer elytra ( Figs. 2k , 8i ), fully developed hind wings, longer meso- and metaventrites ( Figs. 2m , 8h ), and abdominal tergite IV bearing a pair of transverse patches of microtrichia ( Figs. 2p , 8k ). Wingless males have intermediate sized antennomeres ( Figs. 2b , 8b ) and eyes ( Figs. 2e , 8e ), hind wings reduced to small pads, shorter meso- and metaventrites ( Figs. 2m, 2h ), and abdominal tergite IV lacking transverse patches of microtrichia ( Figs. 2q , 8l ). Females have more transverse antennomeres ( Figs. 2c , 8c ), smaller eyes ( Figs. 2f , 8f ) and elytra ( Figs. 2l , 8j ), hind wings, meso- and metaventrites ( Fig. 2m, h ), and abdominal tergite IV ( Figs. 2q , 8l ) similar to those of wingless males.

The members of Stenosagola may be separated from other faronite genera by the following combination of characters: smaller size, antennae, when bent posteriorly, reaching midpoint of prothorax, antennomere 5 larger than 6, 6–10 transverse, 7–10 weakly clavate ( Figs. 2a–c ; 8a–c ); head with frontal sulcus broad and open anteriorly ( Figs. 2d–f , 4e ) or cylindrical and closed anteriorly ( Figs. 8d–f , 10g , 12g ); eyes largest in winged males ( Figs. 2d , 8d ), smaller in wingless males ( Figs. 2e , 4e , 8e , 10g ), and smallest in females ( Figs. 2f , 8f , 12g ); scutellum inverted-triangular, two setae present on posterior area ( Fig. 2j ); elytra longer than wide in winged males ( Figs. 2k , 8i ), as long as wide in wingless males and females ( Figs. 2l , 8j ); meso- and metaventrites with lateral mesocoxal foveae and lateral metaventral foveae ( Figs. 2m , 8h ); abdominal tergite IV with a pair of transverse patches of microtrichia in winged males ( Figs. 2p , 8k ; arrow), absent in wingless males and females ( Figs. 2q , 8l ; arrow); tergite and ventrite VI larger than V and VII ( Figs. 2p–q , 8k–l ).

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS STENOSAGOLA

The key is mainly based on male specimens because most female specimens are indistinguishable based on external morphology.

1. Head with broad frontal sulcus open anteriorly ( Figs. 2d–f , 4e ); mesoventrites without promesocoxal foveae ( Fig. 2m ); body larger, 1.4–1.8 mm ( Fig. 1 ) ( gracilis group) .................................................................2

1′. Head with elongate frontal sulcus closed anteriorly ( Figs. 8d–f , 10g , 12g ); prosternum as long as wide ( Fig. 8g ); mesoventrites with promesocoxal foveae ( Fig. 8h ); body small, 1.1–1.5 mm ( Figs. 6–7 ) ( connata group)........................................................... 9

2(1). Head dull dorsally ( Fig. 1h–i, p ); pronotum as long as wide ( Fig. 1h–i, p )..................3

2′. Head glossy dorsally ( Fig. 1a–g, j–o ); pronotum longer than wide ( Fig. 1a–g, j–o ) ..................................................................... 4

3(2). Dorsal margin of male profemur depressed basally ( Fig. 4g , arrow); left apical lobe of male genitalia acute, longer than right apical lobe, right apical lobe folded over left ( Fig. 4c ); recorded only from Egmont National Park , Taranaki (TK, Fig. 5 : black circle)............ S. egmontensis , new species

3′. Dorsal margin of male profemur lacking depression at base; apical lobe of male genitalia with two branches; major lobe bifid apically, minor lobe divided from ventral base of main lobe, longer and slender ( Fig. 4j ); recorded only from Stewart Island (SI, Fig. 5 : white square) ........... ................. S. stewartensis , new species

4(2′). Apical lobe of male genitalia not bifid ( Fig. 4i ); recorded only from Fiordland (FD, Fig. 5 : black star) ............................. ............................... S. eylesi , new species

4′. Apical lobe of male genitalia bifid ( Figs. 2s , 4a–d, h ); recorded from mid- and southern part of North Island and northern part of South Island.................................................5

5(4′). Minor apical lobe divided from ventral base of main lobe, longer and more slender ( Fig. 4h ); recorded only from Nelson (NN, Fig. 5 white circle)........................................ ........................ S. domettensis , new species

5′. Apical lobe of male genitalia bifid laterally, length and width variable ( Figs. 2s , 4a–d )........................................................6

6(5′). Right paramere broader than left ( Fig. 4b ); left apical lobe long and slender ( Fig. 4b ); recorded only from Nelson (NN, Fig. 5 : black triangle) ..... S. clarkei , new species

6′. Left paramere broader or as wide as right ( Fig. 2s , 4a, d ); left apical lobe shorter than right ( Figs. 2s , 4a, d )......................7

7(6′). Left apical lobe of male genitalia as wide as right ( Fig. 4d ); recorded only from Wellington (WN, Fig. 4 : black squares) .... ............................. S. ramsayi , new species

7′. Left apical lobe of male genitalia narrower than right ( Figs. 2s , 4a )..........................8

8(7′). Right apical lobe of male genitalia broader than left, bent to left ( Fig. 2s ) .................. ................................... S. gracilis (Broun)

8′. Right apical lobe of male genitalia as wide as left, not bent ( Fig. 4a )............................ .................. S. pseudogracilis , new species

9(1′). Apical lobe of male genitalia bifid or branched ( Fig. 10b–d ).........................10

9′. Apical lobe of male genitalia simple ( Figs. 8p , 10a, e–f , 2a–f ).....................12

10(9). Left apical lobe of male genitalia longer than right ( Fig. 10d ); recorded from mid-western part of North Island ( Fig. 11 , circles) ................ S. dugdalei , new species

10′. Right apical lobe of male genitalia longer than left ( Fig. 10b–c ); recorded from northern part of North Island ( Figs. 9 : squares, 11: triangles) ........................... 11

11(10′). Right apical lobe of male genitalia with small process at right base ( Fig. 10b ); recorded only from Northland (ND, Fig. 9 : square)....... S. northlandensis , new species

11′. Right apical lobe of male genitalia without small process at base ( Fig. 10b ); recorded only from Auckland (AK) and Coromandel (CL) ( Fig. 11 , triangle) ....... ......................... S. thayerae , new species

12(9′). Apical lobe of male genitalia long and slender ( Figs. 10e–f , 12b, f ) ................13

12′. Apical lobe of male genitalia broad ( Figs. 8p , 10a , 12a, c–e ) .................... 16

13(12). Head of wingless male circular ( Fig. 10g ); apical lobe of male genitalia broadly bent to right, weakly bulbous apically ( Fig. 10f ) ...................... S. haunuiensis , new species

13′. Head of wingless male rectangular ( Fig. 8e ); apical lobe of male genitalia straight ( Figs. 10e , 12b, f ) ................................. 14

14(13′). Frontal rostral lobe of female head simple ( Fig. 8f ); apical lobe of male genitalia modified at tip ( Fig. 10e ); recorded only from Wellington (WN, Fig. 11 : square) .............. S. tararuaensis , new species

14′. Frontal rostral lobe of female head with a pair of blunt processes with setae present ( Fig. 12g ); apical lobe of male genitalia simple ( Figs. 12b, f ); recorded from South Island ( Figs. 13 : square, 14: white square) ............................................................15

15(14′). Apical lobe of male genitalia extremely long and slender, 3 times broader than paramere ( Fig. 12b ) .................................. ........................ S. chandleri , new species

15′. Apical lobe of male genitalia long and slender, 2 times broader than paramere ( Fig. 12f ) ..... S. fiordlandensis , new species

16(12′). Median lobe of male genitalia at least 4 times broader than paramere ( Figs. 12c–d ) ................................................................... 17

16′. Median lobe of male genitalia approximately 3 times broader than paramere ( Figs. 8p , 10a , 12a, b )..........................18

17(16). Frontal rostral lobe of female head simple ( Fig. 8f ); apical lobe of male genitalia acute anteriorly, bent to right ( Fig. 12d ); recorded only from Mid Canterbury (MC) and Buller (BR) ( Fig. 14 : circle) ............. ........................... S. newtoni , new species

17′. Frontal rostral lobe of female head with a pair of processes with setae present ( Fig. 12g ); apical lobe of male genitalia not acute or bent at tip ( Fig. 12c ); recorded from southern part of South Island ( Fig. 14 , triangles) ................... S. nunni , new species

18(16′). Apical lobe of male genitalia emarginate ( Fig. 12e ).......... S. butcheri , new species

18′. Apical lobe of male genitalia not emarginate ( Figs. 8p , 10a , 12a )....................19

19(18′). Apical lobe of male genitalia emarginate at tip ( Fig. 10a ) ..... S. huiaensis , new species

19′. Apical lobe of male genitalia simple at tip ( Figs. 8p , 12a ).......................................20

20(19′). Apical lobe of male directly bent from main body ( Fig. 8p ); recorded from middle of North Island ( Fig. 9 , triangles) .............. ............................... S. connata (Broun)

20′. Apical lobe of male genitalia bent from narrow neck shaped structure ( Fig. 12a ); recorded from southern part of North Island ( Fig. 13 , triangles)........................ ............. S. pseudoconnata , new species

Figures

Fig. 2. Stenosagola gracilis. a) Winged male antenna, dorsal view, b) Wingless male antenna, dorsal view, c) Female antenna, dorsal view, d) Winged male head, dorsal view, e) Wingless male head, dorsal view, f) Female head, dorsal view, g) Labrum, dorsal view, h) Mentum, ventral view, i) Prothorax, ventral view, j) Scutellum, dorsal view, k) Winged male elytra, dorsal view, l) Wingless male elytra, dorsal view, m) Meso- and metaventrites, ventral view, n) Abdominal tergite VIII, dorsal view, o) Abdominal ventrite VIII, ventral view, p) Winged male abdomen, dorsal view, q) Wingless male abdomen, dorsal view, r) Winged male hind coxa, ventral view, s) Aedeagus, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 8. Stenosagola connata. a) Winged male antenna, dorsal view, b) Wingless male antenna, dorsal view, c) Female antenna, dorsal view, d) Winged male head, dorsal view, e) Wingless male head, dorsal view, f) Female head, dorsal view, g) Prothorax, ventral view, h) Meso- and metaventrites, ventral view, i) Winged male elytra, dorsal view, j) Wingless male elytra, dorsal view, k) Wingled male abdomen, dorsal view, l) Wingless male abdomen, dorsal view, m) Abdominal tergite VIII, dorsal view, n) Abdominal ventrite VIII, ventral view, o) Winged male hind-coxa, ventral view, p) Aedeagus, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 4. Stenosagola species. a) S. pseudogracilis, aedeagus, dorsal view, b) S. clarkei, aedeagus, dorsal view, c) S. egmontensis, aedeagus, dorsal view, d) S. ramsayi, e) S. egmontensis, winged male head, dorsal view; f) S. egmontensis, prothorax, ventral view; g) S. egmontensis, prothoracic leg, h) S. domettensis, aedeagus, dorsal view, i) S. eylesi, aedeagus, dorsal view, j) S. stewartensis, aedeagus, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 10. Stenosagola species. a) S. huiaensis, aedeagus, dorsal view, b) S. northlandensis, aedeagus, dorsal view, c) S. thayerae, aedeagus, dorsal view, d) S. dugdalei, aedeagus, dorsal view, e) S. tararuaensis, aedeagus, dorsal view, f) S. haunuiensis, aedeagus, dorsal view, g) S. haunuiensis, wingless male head, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 12. Stenosagola species. a) S. pseudoconnata, aedeagus, dorsal view, b) S. chandleri, aedeagus, dorsal view, c) S. nunni, aedeagus, dorsal view, d) S. newtoni, aedeagus, dorsal view, e) S. butcheri, aedeagus, dorsal view, f) S. fiordlandensis, aedeagus, dorsal view, g) S. fiordlandensis, wingless male head, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 1. Habitus of Stenosagola species, dorsal view. a) Winged male of S. gracilis, b) Wingless male of S. gracilis, c) Female of S. gracilis, d) Winged male of S. pseudogracilis, e) Wingless male of S. pseudogracilis, f) Female of S. pseudogracilis, g) Wingless male of S. clarkei, h) Wingless male of S. egmontensis, i) Female of S. egmontensis, j) Winged male of S. ramsayi, k) Wingless male of S. ramsayi, l) Female of S. ramsayi, m) Wingless male of S. domettensis, n) Female of S. domettensis, o) Wingless male of S. eylesi, p) Wingless male of S. stewartensis. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 6. Habitus of Stenosagola species, dorsal view. a) Winged male of S. connata, b) Wingless male of S. connata, c) Female of S. connata, d) Winged male of S. huiaensis, e) Female of S. huiaensis, f) Winged male of S. northlandensis, g) Wingless male of S. northlandensis, h) Female of S. northlandensis, i) Winged male of S. thayerae, j) Wingless male of S. thayerae, k) Female of S. thayerae, l) Winged male of S. dugdalei, m) Wingless male of S. dugdalei. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 7. Habitus of Stenosagola species, dorsal view. a) Wingless male of S. tararuaensis, b) Female of S. tararuaensis, c) Wingless male of S. haunuiensis, d) Winged male of S. pseudoconnata, e) Wingless male of S. pseudoconnata, f) Wingless male of S. chandleri, g) Female of S. chandleri, h) Winged male of S. nunni, i) Wingless male of S. nunni, j) Female of S. nunni, k) Wingless male of S. newtoni, l) Winged male of S. butcheri, m) Wingless male of S. butcheri, n) Wingless male of S. fiordlandensis, o) Female of S. fiordlandensis. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 5. Locations where Stenosagola clarkei (black triangle), Stenosagola egmontensis (Black circle), Stenosagola ramsayi (black squares), Stenosagola domettensis (white circle), Stenosagola eylesi (star), and Stenosagola stewartensis (white square) have been collected in New Zealand.

Fig. 11. Locations where Stenosagola thayerae (triangles), Stenosagola dugdalei (circles), Stenosagola tararuaensis (squares), and Stenosagola haunuiensis (stars) have been collected in New Zealand.

Fig. 9. Locations where Stenosagola connata triangles), Stenosagola huiaensis (circles), and Stenosagola northlandensis (squares) have been collected in New Zealand.

Fig. 13. Locations where Stenosagola pseudoconnata (triangles) and Stenosagola chandleri (squares) have been collected in New Zealand.

Fig. 14. Locations where Stenosagola nunni (triangles), Stenosagola newtoni (circle), Stenosagola butcheri (black squares), and Stenosagola fiordlandensis (white square) have been collected in New Zealand.