Stenosagola gracilis ( Broun, 1893 )

Park, J. - S. & Carlton, C. E., 2013, A Revision of the New Zealand GenusStenosagolaBroun, 1921 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae: Faronitae), The Coleopterists Bulletin 67 (3), pp. 335-359 : 338-341

Stenosagola gracilis ( Broun, 1893)

Sagola gracilis Broun 1893: 1424 . Raffray 1904: 499, 1911: 6; Broun 1921: 505; Hudson 1923: 366, 1934: 184; Newton and Thayer 2005b; Nomura and Leschen 2006: 245.

Sagola crassicornis Broun 1911: 501 . Broun 1921: 505; Hudson 1923: 366, 1934: 184; Raffray 1924: 232; Newton and Thayer 2005b; Nomura and Leschen 2006: 245. New synonymy.

Stenosagola oblongiceps Broun 1921: 505 . Hudson 1923: 366, 1934: 184; Newton and Thayer 2005b; Nomura and Leschen 2006: 245. New synonymy.

Stenosagola planiocula Broun 1921: 505 . Hudson 1923: 366, 1934: 184; Newton and Thayer 2005b; Nomura and Leschen 2006: 245. New synonymy.

Type Material Examined. Holotype: NEW ZEALAND: WAIKATO ( WO): ♀, glued on rectangular card, “Type” [red label, printed]; “2473.” [white label, handwritten]; “Pirongia” [white label, handwritten]; “New Zealand Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]; “ Sagola gracilis ” [white label, handwritten] . Holotype of Stenosagola crassicornis : NEW ZEALAND: TAUPO ( TO): ♀, glued on rectangular card, “Type” [red label, printed]; “3372. ♂ ” [white label, handwritten]; “New Zealand Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]; “Raurimu. Jany. 1910.” [white label, handwritten]; “ Sagola crassicornis ♂ ” [white label, handwritten]. The original label indicates this specimen is a male, but it is female . Syntypes of Stenosagola oblongiceps : NEW ZEALAND: NELSON ( NN): ♂ (wingless males), glued on rectangular card, male genitalia dissected and mounted in balsam on clear plastic card, “4020. ♂ ” [white label, handwritten]; “New Zealand Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]; “Glenhope. 10.12.1914.” [white label, handwritten]; “ Stenosagola oblongiceps Broun ” [white label, handwritten]; “ SYNTYPE ” [blue label, printed]. ♂ (wingless males), glued on rectangular card, “4020. ♂ ” [white label, handwritten]; “ New Zealand Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]; “Glenhope. 10.12.1914.” [white label, handwritten]; “ Stenosagola oblongiceps ♂ ” [white label, handwritten]; “ SYNTYPE ” [blue label, printed] . Syntypes of Stenosagola planiocula : NEW ZEALAND: NELSON ( NN): ♀, glued on rectangular card, “4019. ♂ ” [white label, handwritten]; “New Zealand Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]; “Glenhope. 14.3.1915.” [white label, handwritten]; “ Stenosagola planiocula . ♂ ” [white label, handwritten]; “ SYNTYPE ” [blue label, printed]. 2♀♀, glued on rectangular card, “4019” [white label, handwritten]; “ New Zealand Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]; “Glenhope. 14.3.1915.” [white label, handwritten]; “ Stenosagola planiocula .” [white label, handwritten]; “ SYNTYPE ” [blue label, printed]. ♀, glued on rectangular card, “40019. ♂ ” [white label, handwritten]; “New Zealand Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]; “Glenhope. 3.3.1915.” [white label, handwritten]; “ Stenosagola planiocula . ♂ ” [white label, handwritten]; “ SYNTYPE ” [blue label, printed]. The original label indicates this specimen is a male, but it is female. Deposited in BMNH .

Additional Material (n = 261: 161 males, 100 females). NEW ZEALAND: BULLER ( BR): 5♂♂, Nelson Lakes. N. P., Lake Rotoiti, St. Arnaud Track, 645m, 14 XII 1984 – 6 I 1985, Nothofagus spp. forest, A. Newton and M. Thayer 705, window trap; 1♂, Nelson Lakes N. P., n slope Mt. Robert, Pinchgut Track, 950m, 14 XII–6 I 1985, Nothofagus spp. forest, A. Newton and M. Thayer 707, window trap; 1♀, Nelson Lakes N. P., n slope Mt. Robert, Pinchgut Track, 950m, 14 XII–6 I 1985, Nothofagus spp. forest, A. Newton and M. Thayer 707,berl., leaf and log litter, forest floor; 1♂, Nelson Lakes N. P., Lake Rotoroa, Braeburn Track, 470m, 16 XII 1984 – 7 I 1985, Nothofagus spp. forest, A. Newton and M. Thayer 712, window trap; 1♂, Nelson Lakes N. P., n slope Mt. Robert, Pinchgut Track, 1290m, 18 – 26 XII 1984, Notho. sol. elfin for., A. Newton and M. Thayer 716, flight intercept (window) trap; 1♂, Nelson Lakes N. P., Mt. Robert, Speargrass Track, 875m 41°49.469′S 172°48.311′E, 30 XI–17 XII 2005, Nothofagus spp. forest, FMHD #2005- 059, flight intercept trap. A. Newton and M. Thayer, ANMT site 1161; 5♂♂, Lewis, Pass Nat. Res., 11.9km ese Spring Junction, 540m, 17 XII 1984 –21 I 85, Nothofagus spp. forest, A. Newton and M. Thayer 715, window trap; 1♂, Maruia Springs, 25 IV 1977, J. Nunn; 1♂, Lewis Pass, 25 III 1965, N.A. Walker, litter; 1♂ 3♀♀, W Inangahua S.F., 126m, Fletchers Ck., 18 IV 1972, J.S. Dugdale, Moss and litter on Beech forest floor; 3♂♂ 11♀♀, W Inangahua S.F., 127m, Stoney Ck., 18 IV 1972, J. McBurney, litter; 1♂ 4♀♀, Fletchers Ck., 7 III 1972, J. McBurney, litter; 4♀♀, Mawhera S.F., 9km SE of Ngahere, 10 XI 1971, J. McBurney, litter; 1♂, Capleston, Redmans Ck., 8 XI 1972, J.C. Watt, litter; 1♂, Hochstener S.F., 6km S of Ahaura, 11 Nov 1971, J.C. Watt, litter; 1♂, Paparoa N.P., 2km NE Punakaiki, Bullock Ck Rd, 42°06′S, 171°22′E, 50m, 12 Nov 2005, R. Leschen, S. Nomura, P. Lambert, litter; 1♂ 1♀, Punakaiki Scen. Res., Porarari R., 20m, 9 VI 1985, J.W. Early, moss and litter; 1♀, 3.5km N Rapahoe, 25m, 42′42S, 171′15E, Nothofagus truncata leaf litter berlese, 12 I 1998, C. Carlton and R. Leschen; GISBORNE ( GB): 4♂♂, Urewera N.P., Maungapohatu Rd., 3.2km E Taupeupe Saddle, 1110m, 38°36.975′S 177°02.753′E, 22 XI–23 XII 2005, mossy Nothofagus menziesii forest, FMHD #2005-025, flight intercept trap, M. Thayer and A. Solodovnikov, ANMT site 1148; 2♂♂ 2♀♀ (1♀, slide- mounted), Urewera N.P., Maungapohatu Rd., 3.2km E Taupeupe Saddle, 1110m, 38°36.975′S 177°02.753′E, 22 XI 2005, mossy Nothofagus menziesii forest, FMHD #2005-027, berl., leaf and log litter, A. Newton and M. Thayer, ANMT site 1148; 1♂, Urewera N. P., Waikaremoana Rd., E end Matanunui Ridge, 720m, 38°44.404′S 177°05.806′E, 22 XI–23 XII 2005, mixed broadleaf (incl. Nothofagus fusca )-podocarp, FMHD #2005-028, flight intercept trap, M. Thayer and A. Newton and A. Solodovnikov, ANMT site 1149; MARLBOROUGH ( MB): 1♂, Pelorus Bridge, 25 VII 1967, G. Kuschel, litter; MID CANTERBURY ( MC): 1♂, Arthurs Pass, Temple Basin, 1493m, 8 II 1982, J. S. Dugdale; NELSON ( NN): 2♂♂, Glenhope, 10 XII 1914, T. Broun; 22♂♂ 9♀♀, Kahurangi N. P., Arthur Range, above Flora Saddle, 1000m, 41°11.351′S 172°44.456′E, 28 XI–19 XII 2005, Nothofagus dominant forest, FMHD #2005-044, Flight intercept trap, A. Newton and M. Thayer, ANMT site 1156; 3♀♀, Kahurangi N.P., Mt. Arthur Track, below Mt. Arthur Hut, 1200m, 28 XI 2005, Nothofagus forest, FMHD #2005-049, berl., leaf litter, A. Solodovnikov and D. Clarke, ANMT site 1157; 41♂♂, Kahurangi N. P., Cobb Ridge, above Cobb Reservoir, 1050m, 41°06.351′S 172°41.658′E, 29 XI–18 XII 2005, Nothofagus menziesii and N. solandri cliffortioides forest, FMHD #2005-051, flight intercept trap, A. Newton, M. Thayer and A. Solodovnikov, ANMT site 1159; 3♂♂ 1♀ (1♂, slide-mounted), Kahurangi N. P., Cobb Ridge, above Cobb Reservoir, 1050m, 41°06.351′S 172°41.658′E, 29 XI 2005, Nothofagus menziesii and N. solandri cliffortioides forest, FMHD #2005-055, berl., leaf and log litter, M. Thayer, ANMT site 1159; 4♂♂, Kahurangi N.P., Cobb Dam Rd., Asbestos Track, 450m, 41°06.333′S 172°43.174′E, 29 XI–18 XII 2005, mixed broadleaf (incl. Nothofagus fusca )- podocarp forest, FMHD #2005- 056, flight intercept trap, A. Newton, M. Thayer and A. Solodovnikov, ANMT site 1160; 1♂ 1♀, Cobb Ridge, east of Cobb Reservoir, 990m, 2 I 1985, Nothofagus spp. Forest, A. Newton and M. Thayer 728, berl., forest leaf and log litter; 1♂, Cobb Reservoir, 10 I 1985, R.M. Emberson, Nothofagus forest litter; 2♂♂, Slaters Road, 0.7km s Whangamoa Saddle, 410m, 13 XII 1984 – 4 I 1985, Nothofagus spp. Forest, A. Newton and M. Thayer 703, flight intercept (window) trap; 4♂♂, 0.6km e Gowanbridge, 330m, 18 XII 1984 – 7 I 1985, Nothofagus spp. forest, A. Newton and M. Thayer 717, flight intercept (window) trap; 1♂ 1♀, Denniston Saddle, 10 II 1999, R. Leschen, R. Hoare, Berlesate Nothofagus forest RL288, 41°44′S 171°48′E; 3♂♂ 1♀, start of Croesus Tck., Barrytown, 27 VIII 2010, washed soil sample, coastal broadleaf forest, J. Nunn; 2♂♂, start of Croesus Tck., Barrytown, 27 VIII 2010, sifted ground moss berlesate, J. Nunn; 1♂, 20km NW Motueka, Riwaka River Res., 28 V 1982, FMHD #82-605, mixed forest litter, S. Peck; 1♂, 30km NW Motucka, Tasman Nat. Pk., 22 V 1982, FMHD #82-596, Beech forest stump litter, S. Peck; 3♂♂ 43♀♀, Dun Mt., 31 VI 1966, A.K. Walker, litter; 1♀, Dun Mt., 2000′ 4 XI 1943, E.S. Gourlay; 3♂♂ 5♀♀, Canaan Harwoods Tr., 2 II 1965, L.P. Marchant, litter; 2♂♂, Wakefield, 19 XI 1964, J.I. Townsend, litter; 1♂, Takaka Hill, 762m, 7 X 1964, G. Kuschel, Moss; 1♂, Glenhope Saddle, 28 VII 1964, J.I. Townsend, litter; 1♂, Whangamoa, 15 IX 1966; 1♀, Head of Fabians valley, 915m, 23 X 1963, J.I. Townsend, litter; 1♀, Kohaihai Bluff/Scotts Beach, E2434681, N6011650, 16 IV 2004, A.K. Affeld; MARLBOROUGH SOUNDS ( SD): 5♂♂, Tennyson Inlet, west side Te Mako Bay, 125m, 15 XII 1984 – 5 I 1985, Nothofagus -podo-hdwd., A. Newton and M. Thayer 710, flight intercept (window) trap; 1♂ 1♀, slidemounted, Opouri Saddle, above Tennyson Inlet, 540m, 15 XII 1984 – 5 I 1985, Nothofagus forest, A. Newton and M. Thayer 708, berl., leaf and log litter, forest floor; 1♂, slide-mounted, Opouri Saddle, above Tennyson Inlet, 540m, 15 XII 1984 – 5 I 1985, Nothofagus forest, A. Newton and M. Thayer 708, window trap; 1♂, Ship Cove, 27–30 XI 1972, J.M. Burney, litter; TARANAKI ( TK): 1♂, White Cliffs Walkway, 5km S Tongaporutu, 7 XII 1982, J.S. Dugdale, Litter; 1♂, Dawson Falls, 914m, 23 I 1972, G.W. Ramsay, litter; TAUPO ( TO): 1♂, Erua, 27 I 1982, C.F. Butcher, sifted litter and moss; WESTLAND ( WD): 4♂♂, Lake Kaniere Road, 2.8km nw Lake, 120m, 8–19 I 1985, podocarp-hdwd. forest, A. Newton and M. Thayer 732, flight intercept (window) trap; 2♂♂, Loop Line Road Scen. Reserve, sse Kumara, 160m, 8–19 I 1985, podocarphdwd. forest, A. Newton and M. Thayer 730, flight intercept (window) trap; 1♂, Lake Kaniere Road, 2.8km nw Lake, 120m, 8–19 I 1985, podocarp-hdwd. forest, A. Newton and M. Thayer 732, berl., leaf and log litter, forest floor; 1♂, Okuku Scenic Reserve, 46.7km W Otira, 75m, 42°43′S 171°14′E, #50, Laurelia novaezelandiae leaf litter berlese, 12 I 1998, C. Carlton and R. Leschen; 1♂, Okuku State Forest, 10km E of Kumara, 28 VIII 1977, R.M. Emberson, Podocarp Broadleaf forest, moss and litter; WELLINGTON ( WN): 5♂♂, Tararua Forest Park, above Akatarawa Saddle, 455m, 40°56.936′S 175°06.529′E, 26 XI–21 XII 2005, broadleafpodocarp forest on slope, FMHD #2005-0112, flight intercept trap, A. Newton and M. Thayer, ANMT site 1151; 1♂, Tararua Forest Park, Judd Ridge, Field’ s Track, Field Hut vic., 855m, 40°54.474′S 175°15.371′E, 24 XI–26 XI 2005, broadleaf (Notho. Meziesii-Wein-mannia racemosa)- podocarp forest, FMHD #2005-039, berl., forest leaf litter (mostly Nothofagus ), A. Solodovnikov and D. Clarke, ANMT site 1153; 2♂♂ 3♀♀ (1♂ slide-mounted), Akatarawa saddle, Tararua S. F. (S of Waikanoe), 500m, 7 III 1978, S. Peck, berl. litter.

Diagnosis. Specimens of S. gracilis are similar in appearance to those of S. pseudogracilis , S. clarkei , S. ramsayi , S. domettensis , and S. eylesi but can be distinguished by the shape of the male genitalia ( Fig. 2s ). Members of this species can be separated from those of S. egmontensis and S. stewartensis by the glossy dorsal surface of the head ( Fig. 1d–f ).

Redescription. Length 1.6–1.8 mm ( Fig. 1a–c ). Head: Winged male head approximately 1.43 times ( Fig. 2d ), wingless males 1.33 times ( Fig. 2e ), female 1.41 times ( Fig. 2f ) longer than wide. Winged male eye approximately 0.93 times ( Fig. 2d ), wingless male 0.70 times ( Fig. 2e ), female 0.42 times ( Fig. 2f ) as long as temple. Winged male antennomere 3 subquadrate, 4 longer than wide, 5 subquadrate ( Fig. 2a ). Wingless male antennomere 3 slightly transverse, 4–5 subquadrate ( Fig. 2b ). Female antennomere 3 transverse, 4 subquadrate, 5 transverse ( Fig. 2c ). Labrum as in Fig. 2g . Mentum as in Fig. 2h . Thorax: Pronotum approximately 1.10 times longer than wide ( Fig. 2i ). Winged male elytra approximately 1.80 times ( Fig. 2k ), wingless male 1.32 times ( Fig. 2l ), female 1.30 times longer than pronotum. Winged male meso- and metaventrites trapezoidal, approximately 1.56 times ( Fig. 2m ), wingless male 1.18 times, female 1.14 times as long as pronotum ( Fig. 2m ). Metacoxa as in ( Fig. 2r ). Aedeagus: Right apical lobe of male genitalia longer than broader than left ( Fig. 2s ). Left paramere broader than right, setae present anteriorly ( Fig. 2s ).

Type Locality. Mount Pirongia ( WO), New Zealand .

Distribution. Mid-part of North Island, Wellington (WN) and northwestern part of South Island, New Zealand ( Fig. 3 , triangles).

Habitat. Most specimens were collected in Nothofagus forests, some in broadleaf and podocarp forests. Winged males were mostly collected using window traps or flight intercept traps (FIT). Wingless males and females were collected by sifting leaf or moss litter.

Comments. Specimens of S. gracilis are difficult to separate from those of other species externally, but the shapes and sizes of the antennomeres and male genitalia are diagnostic. The type specimens of S. oblongiceps share these diagnostic characters, and these species have been collected at or near the type locality. Only female specimens of S. crassicornis and S. planiocula are known, so we could not compare the male genitalia. However, there is insufficient evidence to maintain S. crassicornis and S. planiocula as separate species based on comparisons of the shapes and sizes of the antennomeres. The proximity of the collections to the type locality or the localities of additional specimens of S. gracilis and the absence of males of any other species from these areas suggest a single species. For these reasons, we have placed S. oblongiceps , S. crassicornis , and S. planiocula in synonymy with S. gracilis .

Figures

Fig. 2. Stenosagola gracilis. a) Winged male antenna, dorsal view, b) Wingless male antenna, dorsal view, c) Female antenna, dorsal view, d) Winged male head, dorsal view, e) Wingless male head, dorsal view, f) Female head, dorsal view, g) Labrum, dorsal view, h) Mentum, ventral view, i) Prothorax, ventral view, j) Scutellum, dorsal view, k) Winged male elytra, dorsal view, l) Wingless male elytra, dorsal view, m) Meso- and metaventrites, ventral view, n) Abdominal tergite VIII, dorsal view, o) Abdominal ventrite VIII, ventral view, p) Winged male abdomen, dorsal view, q) Wingless male abdomen, dorsal view, r) Winged male hind coxa, ventral view, s) Aedeagus, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 1. Habitus of Stenosagola species, dorsal view. a) Winged male of S. gracilis, b) Wingless male of S. gracilis, c) Female of S. gracilis, d) Winged male of S. pseudogracilis, e) Wingless male of S. pseudogracilis, f) Female of S. pseudogracilis, g) Wingless male of S. clarkei, h) Wingless male of S. egmontensis, i) Female of S. egmontensis, j) Winged male of S. ramsayi, k) Wingless male of S. ramsayi, l) Female of S. ramsayi, m) Wingless male of S. domettensis, n) Female of S. domettensis, o) Wingless male of S. eylesi, p) Wingless male of S. stewartensis. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 3. Locations where Stenosagola gracilis (triangles) and Stenosagola pseudogracilis (circles) have been collected in New Zealand.