Clavatula, Lamarck, 1801

Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard & Janssen, Ronald, 2022, The Clavatulidae (Gastropoda, Conoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea with considerations on fossil and extant Clavatulidae genera, Zootaxa 5123 (1), pp. 1-172 : 20

Key to ‘ Clavatula ’ groups recognized herein:

1. Early whorls bipartite...................................................................................2 Early whorls tripartite.................................................................................. 5 Early whorls with>3 spiral cords......................................................................... 8

2. Shell medium-large size, siphonal canal long to moderately long................................................ 3 Shell medium-small, siphonal canal short.................................................................. 4

3. Profile broad biconic, subsutural cord weak, smooth, suprasutural cord prominent with large beads overrun by weak spiral cords........................................................................................ Clavatula Profile slender fusiform, subsutural and suprasutural cords of equal strength with indistinct, bifid beads, mid-whorl moderately concave interspace bearing prominent, comma-shaped axial riblets................................ bimarginata- clade Profile with broad conical spire, strongly constricted at base, long siphonal canal, narrow adsutural cords separated by a wide, concave mid-portion.................................................................‘ Clavatula ’ juliae group Profile slender fusiform, subsutural and suprasutural cords of equal strength, separated by a broad, smooth, concave midportion......................................................................... ‘ Clavatula ’ camillae group

4. Prominent, smooth subsutural spiral cord, coarsely tuberculate suprasutural cord, mid-whorl concave with comma-shaped riblets, later whorls coarsely tubercular........................................................ Olegia nov. gen. Profile slender fusiform with high spire, short last whorl........................................... caerulea -clade

5. Shell profile bucciniform, with short siphonal canal, entire shell covered in beaded cords or subquadrate tubercles....................................................................................... .. Granulatocincta nov. gen. Shell profile fusiform with medium-long siphonal canal....................................................... 6 Shell profile fusiform with tall spire about 50-55% total height, short last whorl.................................... 7

6. Slender to stout biconic profile, early beginning with weakly opisthocline axial ribs, grading into three spiral rows of beads, suprasutural spiral row most prominent.......................................................... mystica- clade Moderately slender fusiform profile, prominently beaded adsutural cords, weaker beaded mid-whorl cord, subsutural collar coronate with pointed tubercles or spines, base with weak sculpture, siphonal canal moderately long to long.............................................................................................. Megaclavatula nov. gen. Opisthocline axial ribs on the first teleoconch whorl, weak subsutural spiral cord on second teleoconch whorl, beaded suprasutural spiral cord evolves from the abapical tips of the axial ribs on subsequent whorls.............. diadema- clade

7. Tripartite earliest whorl sculpture, weakly beaded subsutural, strongly beaded suprasutural cord....... Neoperrona nov. gen.

8. Close-set spiral cords on flat-sided early teleoconch whorls comparatively slender, smooth and high spired shells, and the weak subsutural collar, which lacks spines.............................................................. taxea -clade