Lomariocycas ( Smith 1875: 305 ) Gasper & A.R. Sm.

Dittrich, Vinícius Antonio De Oliveira, Salino, Alexandre, Monteiro, Reinaldo & Gasper, André Luís De, 2018, The fern genera Lomaria, Lomariocycas, and Parablechnum (Blechnaceae, Polypodiopsida) in southern and southeastern Brazil, Phytotaxa 362 (3), pp. 245-262 : 249-251

2. Lomariocycas ( Smith 1875: 305) Gasper & A.R. Sm. in Gasper et al. (2016: 212). — Type: Lomaria boryana (Sw.)

Willdenow (1810: 292), based on Onoclea boryana Swartz (1806: 111) . = [ Blechnum boryanaum (Sw.) Schlechtendal

(1827: 35)] = Lomariocycas tabularis ( Thunberg 1800: 171) Gasper & A.R.Sm. in Gasper et al. (2016: 213)

For a complete description of the genus, see Gasper et al. (2016).

Only one species in the study region, Lomariocycas schomburgkii .

Lomariocycas schomburgkii (Klotzsch) Gasper & A.R.Sm. in Gasper et al. (2016: 213).

Lomaria schomburgkii Klotzsch (1847: 346) . Blechnum schomburgkii (Klotzsch) Christensen (1905: 159) . Type:— GUYANA. without date, R.H. Schomburgk 1162 (holotype B 20 0033237, B 20 0033238, B 20 0033239, B 20 0033240, isotypes K000633411, K000633412). Fig. 1F–H .

Blechnum obtusifolium Ettingshausen (1864: 59) . Lomaria obtusifolia Presl (1836: 143) , nom. nud. Type:— BRAZIL. without date, F. Sellow et al. 101 [Herb. Bras. Reg. Berol. 101] (holotype B 20 0031991 (photo), isotype BM000769820).

Lomaria imperialis Fée & Glaz. in Fée (1869: 21). Blechnum imperiale (Fée & Glaz.) Christ in Schwacke (1900: 27). Struthiopteris imperialis (Fée & Glaz.) Ching (1940: 243) Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, Serra dos Órgãos, without date, A.F.M. Glaziou 2801 (holotype P00627649).

Blechnum exiguum Dutra (1940: 36) . Type:— BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul, São Leopoldo, Morro do Sapucaia, without date, J. Dutra 320 (holotype ICN0014320 (photo), isotype R000030093).

Blechnum bradei Markgraf (1940: 214) . Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Serra da Mutuca bei Belo Horizonte, 1400 m, 16 November 1938, F. Markgraf & A.C. Brade 3555 (holotype B 20 0030521, B 20 0030522, isotype HB).

Plants terrestrial; rhizomes erect, massive, forming caudex, at the apex with linear, curved, tan with darker center scales, 23–45 × 1.5–1.7 mm at the base, × 0.6–1 mm in the middle, margins entire; fronds dimorphic, fertile longer than sterile ones, rarely shorter, in a more erect position, sterile 40–64 cm long, fertile 57–93 cm long; stipes of sterile fronds 4.3–7.5 cm long, 2.8–3 mm diam., stramineous to atropurpureous, with scales similar to those on the rhizomes proximally; of fertile fronds 5.7–19 cm long; sterile blades 36–57 × 11–16 cm, subcoriaceous to coriaceous, entirely pinnate or pinnatisect distally, oblanceolate, both sides bearing scales on the costae, veins and laminar tissue between veins or glabrous adaxially, gradually reduced at the apices, gradually or relatively abruptly reduced at the bases, at the apices to a subconform pinna, at the base to auricles or small pinnae; fertile blades 49–88 × 8–8.7 cm, pinnate, narrowly oblanceolate, relatively abruptly reduced towards the apices and bases; rachises scaly, scales similar to those on the stipes proximally, narrowly triangular and sublinear towards the apex, 3.2–6.4 × 0.4–0.6 mm at the base, castaneous or whitish, concolorous or atrocostate, margins predominantly entire, with long projections; sterile pinnae 21–36 pairs excluding the auricles, 6.4–8.7 × 1–1.1 cm, deflexed (basal ones), patent or slightly to strongly ascending, sessile or rarely petiolulate (basal and medial ones) to gradually adnate towards the apices, especially on the basiscopic side, margins plane or revolute to strongly revolute, linear-elliptical to sublinear, the apices obtuse, acute or acuminate, on the abaxial costae and on the laminae between and on the veins with lax, light brown, concolorous scales with long marginal projections and a very elongate hairlike helicoid apex; fertile pinnae 37–48 pairs, 75–113 × 1.7–6 mm, linear, strongly contracted, with no green tissue beyond the indusia; veins free, unbranched, thickened at the apex, terminating before the margin, frequently difficult to perceive.

Distribution and habitat:— Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul), furthermore Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Not endangered in Brazil, where it is a common species, especially at higher elevations. In the study region, plants of this species grow mainly in open areas, often with marshy soil, rarely inside forests, between 0 m and 2,350 m, in the realm of the Atlantic forest (in areas with predominance of Araucaria forests, tropical rainforests, seasonal deciduous forests and campos de altitude or “high altitude grasslands”).

Comments:— The closest species to L. schomburgkii in the study region is Lomaria spannagelii (Rosenst.) Gasper & V.A.O. Dittrich. To differentiate them, see discussion under the latter. Lomariocycas schomburgkii has significant morphological variation throughout its distribution: fertile fronds may be longer or rarely shorter than the sterile ones, central pinnae may be patent to strongly ascendant and the base of the blades may be gradual to relatively abruptly reduced at the base. The Brazilian materials called Blechnum bradei , B. obtusifolium , B. imperiale , and B. exiguum (and their respective type specimens) fit in with this variation of the concept used here for Lomariocycas schomburgkii , and thus are considered as synonyms. Smith & Kessler (2018) did not mention the species for Brazil, treating this country’s materials as L. obtusifolia . However, one of the characteristics that differentiate the species according to the authors is their degree of pinnae adnation: L. obtusifolia with pinnae totally adnate to the rachis, L. schomburgkii with sessile pinnae. In Brazil there are specimens of both types, and there does not seem to exist a geographic or further morphological pattern that allows separation of specimens, based on this feature, between both species. Thus, we prefer to maintain the oldest name, the most similar to the materials from the southeastern region of the country, and treat L. obtusifolia as a synonym for L. schomburgkii . Additional studies of the genus, preferably covering its entire distribution, are necessary to separate possibly distinct species in this complex.

Additional specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Alto Caparaó, Parque Nacional do Caparaó, próximo ao Terreirão , 2350 m, Krieger et al. s.n. ( CESJ 24175 , HRCB 39041 ) ; Camanducaia, Bairro do Mato, Sítio do Mato, mata da nascente do rio Camanducaia , 22°43’19”S, 45°35’45”W, ca. 1950 m, 30 March 2001, Salino 6416 & Melo ( BHCB) ; Carangola, Fazenda Neblina, 20°43’S, 42°29’W, 1290 m, 10 July 1990, Leoni 1168 ( GFPJ) ; Catas Altas, Parque Natural do Caraça, Bocaina , 07 October 2000, Salino 5753 ( BHCB, HRCB) ; ibidem, 08 March 2002, Salino 7935 ( BHCB, HRCB) ; Marmelópolis, estrada para o pico dos Marins, entre 22°30’00” e 22°30’30”S e 45°08’15” e 45°08’45”W, ca. 1500 m, 03 April 2002, Dittrich 1131 ( HRCB) ; Moeda, Serra da Moeda, próximo a estrada que liga Moeda a BR-040, 18 October 1997, Salino 3607 ( HRCB) ; Ouro Preto, Morro de São Sebastião , s.d., Badini 4810 ( OUPR) ; Poços de Caldas, Serra dos Poços, rodovia Poços de Caldas-Andrada, ca. 4 km de Poços de Caldas , 16 June 1995, Pietrobom-Silva 1972 ( MBM, SJRP) ; Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Rodovia MG-010, próximo à estátua do Juquinha, 07 February 2001, Dittrich 848 ( HRCB). Unknown municipality: 10 September 1873, Mosén 2094 (R). Espírito Santo: Castelo, Parque Estadual de Forno Grande , 20°30’39”S, 41°04’53”W, 1105 m, 25 June 2008, Salino et al. 13574 ( BHCB). Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia, estrada para Agulhas Negras, 2300 m, 11 February 1990, Morel 123 ( SJRP). Paraná: Campina Grande do Sul, Serra do Capivari Grande , 1800 m, 06 August 1961, Hatschbach 8185 ( MBM) ; idem, Morro Capivari Grande, 1650 m, Dittrich 395 & Amado ( ICN) ; Curitiba, Capão da Imbuia , 04 January 1975, Dombrowski 5727 ( PACA) ; idem, Cidade Industrial , 26 August 1975, Hatschbach 35814 & Pedersen ( MBM) ; Guarapuava , 10 km a oeste de Guarapuava, 1100 m, 14 December 1965, Reitz 17643 & Klein ( PACA) ; Palmeira , Rio das Almas, 12 June 1969, Hatschbach & Guimarães 21626 ( MBM, UPCB) ; Piraquara, Nova Tirol , 930 m, 28 April 1970, Hatschbach 24197 ( MBM) ; idem, Roça Nova , 21 May 1974, Hatschbach 34442 & Kummrow ( MBM) ; idem, Mananciais da Serra , 1050 m, 23 May 1998, Dittrich 367 & Torres ( ICN) ; Ponta Grossa, Parque Estadual de Vila Velha , 07 January 2004, Labiak 3057 & Schwartsburd ( HRCB) ; Quatro Barras, Rio Taquari , 21 February 1967, Hatschbach 16034 ( MBM, UPCB) ; São José dos Pinhais, Colônia S. Andrade, 01 June 1971, Hatschbach 26709 ( MBM, UPCB). Unknown municipality: Serra do Mar , Ypiranga, 16 January 1914, Dusén 14427 ( MBM). Santa Catarina: Água Doce, Jesuíno Mendes, 26°38’24’’S, 51°39’36’’W, 124 m, 13 April 2011, Korte 6574 ( FURB) ; Alfredo Wagner, Serra da Boa Vista , 27°43’23’’S, 49°9’54’’W, 120 m, 16 March 2011, Korte 6198 ( FURB ; Angelina, Linha do Chaves, 27°32’24’’S, 48°57’36’’W, 718 m, 06 April 2010, Stival-Santos 2395 ( FURB) ; Antônio Carlos, RPPN Caraguatá, 27°27’0’’S, 48°52’12’’W, 710 m, 08 July 2010, Stival-Santos 3253 ( FURB) ; Blumenau, Parque Nacional da Serra do Itajaí , Área Virgem., 27°5’24’’S, 49°8’24’’W, 803 m, 27 May 2010, Korte 3479 ( FURB) ; Bom Retiro , Campo dos Padres, 16 January 1957, Sehnem 6963 ( PACA) ; Botuverá, Morro do Barão , 24 July 1966, Reitz 17986 & Klein ( PACA) ; Florianópolis, Ilha de Santa Catarina, Parque do Rio Vermelho , final da estrada geral da praia, 5 m, 28 December 1994, Falkenberg 6808 & Leonor-Souza ( MBM) ; Garuva, Alto Quiriri, 26°2’21’’S, 48°57’16’’W, 1200 m, 05 May 2015, Funez 4348 ( FURB) ; Ilhota, Morro do Baú , 850 m, 29 January 1948, Reitz 2988 ( PACA) ; Lages , 950 m, 10 January 1951, Sehnem 5541 ( PACA) ;); Major Gercino, 27°26’59’’S, 49°8’24’’W, 708 m, 20 April 2010, Stival-Santos 2498 ( FURB) ; Ponte Alta do Norte , 27°10’48’’S, 50°24’0’’W, 104 m, 31 May 2011, Korte 6924 ( FURB) ; Praia Grande, Serra do Faxinal , 29°10’44’’S, 50°1’22’’W, 958 m, 13 May 2010, Schmitt 2229 ( FURB) ; Rio Fortuna , Canyon Espraiado / Campo dos Padres, 27°59’26’’S, 49°19’14’’W, 145 m, 09 March 2010, Verdi 3855 ( FURB) ; Rio Rufino, Morro das Torres , 27°54’0’’S, 49°51’36’’W, 143 m, 07 May 2009, Verdi 2054 ( FURB) ; São Cristovão do Sul, Caraguatá, 27°16’12’’S, 50°13’12’’W, 19 March 2008, Gasper 1631 ( FURB) ; Urubici, Morro da Igreja , 1680 m, February 1992, W. Oliveira 112 ( SJRP) ; Urupema, Interior de Urupema / Rio Rufino ( SC), 27°57’48’’S, 49°50’13’’W, 147 m, 28 March 2012, Kemmelmeier s.n. ( FURB 38308 ) ; Unknown municipality: Serra dos Pires, córrego Água Preta , 30 km do entroncamento da rodovia BR-348 com a BR-116, 1950 m (sic), 10 March 1991, Oliveira 45 ( SJRP – mixed with Parablechnum cordatum ) ; rodovia BR-282, 2 km del acceso a Taquaras, 09 February 1994, Krapovickas 44843 & Cristóbal ( MBM). Rio Grande do Sul: Bom Jesus, Serra da Rocinha , 1000 m, 18 January 1950, Sehnem 4320 ( PACA) ; ibidem, 19 January 1950, Sehnem 4338 ( PACA) ; idem, Passo da Guarda, ad flumen Uruguay supremum, 900 m, 16 January 1952, Sehnem 5850 ( PACA) ; idem, arredores da cidade, 28 July 1962, Camargo 3646 ( PACA) ; Cambará do Sul, Parque Nacional dos Aparados da Serra , 22 June 1980, Waechter 1612 ( ICN, PACA) ; Derrubadas, Parque Estadual do Turvo , 07 February 1983, 171 Bueno s.n. ( ICN 88280 ) ; Esmeralda, Estação Ecológica de Aracuri , 06 November 1982, Waechter 1915 ( ICN) ; Gramado , 10 November 1977, Irgang s.n. ( ICN 32996 ) ; Montenegro, Linha Campestre , 500 m, 19 April 1949, Sehnem 3759 ( PACA) ; São Francisco de Paula, Tainhas , 09 February 1957, Vianna s.n. ( ICN 1605 ) ; São Leopoldo, Capão do Frade , 27 November 1935, Sehnem 691 ( PACA) ; Vacaria, Passo da Guarda, Ad Uruguay superius, 800 m, 28 January 1951, Sehnem 5724 ( PACA) ; Viamão, prope Itapuã, s.d., Dutra 178 ( ICN). São Paulo: Campos do Jordão, São José dos Alpes, divisa com Pindamonhangaba , ca. 22°45’S, 45°35’W, ca. 1800 m, 20 November 1980, Windisch 2882 ( SJRP) ; idem, Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, trilha da Cachoeira da Celestina , aproximadamente 22°42’S, 45°28’W, 27 November 2001, Dittrich 1068 & Mantovani ( HRCB) ; idem, estrada para São José dos Alpes, proximidades do Parque Estadual de Campos de Jordão , 1300 m, 02April 2002, Dittrich 1105 ( HRCB) ; Caraguatatuba, Estrada da Intermediária , 23°38’44”S, 45°40’21”W, 1200 m, 25 April 2000, Salino et al. 5421 ( ESA, HRCB) ; Cunha, Reserva de Cunha, próximo ao Parque da Serra do Mar , 15 May 1992, Pietrobom-Silva 456 & Santos ( SJRP) ; Itararé, Fazenda do IAC, 14 February 1993, Souza et al. 2291 ( ESA) ; Itirapina, Estação Ecológica de Itirapina , 22°10’– 22°14’S, 47°51’– 47°56’W, 705 m, 12 March 2002, Dittrich et al. 1092 ( HRCB) ; São Paulo, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, núcleo de Curucutu, trilha do Rio Mambu, ca. 23°59’38”S e 46°46’31”W, ca. 800 m, 13 April 2001, Salino 6546 ( BHCB). Amazonas: Santa Isabel do Rio Negro , Trilha da Bacia do Gelo para o Pico, Parque Nacional do Pico da Neblina , 0°47’43’’N, 66°00’84’’W, 2215 m, 19 September 2012, Forzza et al. 7129 ( RB). Bahia: Rio de Contas , base do Pico das Almas, 13°32’S, 41°58’W, 1500 m, 14 December 1988, Harley 25577 & Prado ( SP). Goiás: Jataí, Queixada, 10 April 1949, Macedo 1832 ( MBM) .

3. Parablechnum Presl (1851: 109) . — Type: Parablechnum procerum (G. Forst.) Presl (1851: 109) , based on Osmunda procera Forster (1786: 414)

For a complete description of the genus, see Gasper et al. (2016).

Figures

FIGURE 1. A–E. Lomaria spannagelii. A. Sterile frond. B. Fertile frond. C. Base of sterile blade showing reduced pinnae. D–E. Stipe scales. F–H. Lomariocycas schomburgkii. F. Fronds (sterile and fertile). G. Pair of reduced pinnae at the base of sterile frond. H. Stipe scale. (A–E from Krieger et al. s.n., CESJ 24205; F–H from Silva et al. 8253, CESJ).