Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, 1901

Guglielmone, Alberto A., Nava, Santiago & Robbins, Richard G., 2023, Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories, Zootaxa 5251 (1), pp. 1-274 : 91-92

94. Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, 1901 .

Australasian: 1) Australia, 2) Fiji, 3) New Caledonia, 4) New Zealand, 5) Papua New Guinea, 6) Vanuatu; Nearctic: 1) USA; Oriental: 1) China (south), 2) Japan (the Ryukyu Islands); Palearctic: 1) China (north), 2) Japan (except the Ryukyu Islands), 3) North Korea, 4) Russia, 5) South Korea; remote islands: 1) Pacific Ocean Islands (central) in Samoa and Tonga ( Hoogstraal et al. 1968b, Yamaguti et al. 1971, Filippova 1997, Burridge 2011, Heath et al. 2011, Kim et al. 2011 a, Matsumoto et al. 2011, Owen 2011, Chen et al. 2015, Kang et al. 2016, Rainey et al. 2018, Egizi et al. 2020, Tsapko 2020, Seo et al. 2021,, Li et al. 2022).

Haemaphysalis longicornis has been confused with several congeners, but confusion with Haemaphysalis bispinosa is of special relevance. Hoogstraal et al. (1968b) reviewed this problem, redescribed Haemaphysalis longicornis , and recorded its hosts and geographic distribution. Consequently, papers published prior to Hoogstraal et al. (1968b) have not been evaluated here.

Yamaguti et al. (1971) reported a reference citing the presence of Haemaphysalis longicornis in the Japanese Ryukyu Islands (Oriental Region) but treated that record as unsound. The presence of Haemaphysalis longicornis in the Ryukyu Islands is based here on Matsumoto et al. (2011).

Haemaphysalis longicornis is treated as a Taiwanese tick by Chen et al. (2010) and Zhang, K.Y. et al. 2019, but Taiwan is not included within the range of this tick by Chen et al. (2015), who studied 18 populations from northern and southern China. Takhampunya et al. (2021) allegedly found Haemaphysalis longicornis in Thailand, but references cited by these authors to identify tick species are not useful for the diagnosis of this tick, and the same conditions apply to the South African records of Haemaphysalis longicornis published by Iweriebor et al. (2022). Here, Taiwan, Thailand and South Africa are provisionally excluded from the geographic distribution of Haemaphysalis longicornis . Keirans (1985b, page 883) stated that a female of Haemaphysalis hystricis collected in Malaysia was in fact a specimen of Haemaphysalis longicornis , a statement that requires additional evaluation. Nevertheless, the unconfirmed records here may indicate that Haemaphysalis longicornis is more common in the Oriental Zoogeographic Region than currently realized. Ali et al. (2019) and Elom et al. (2020) recorded the presence of Haemaphysalis longicornis in Pakistan and Nigeria, respectively, but these records need confirmation.