Ixodes hexagonus Leach, 1815

Guglielmone, Alberto A., Nava, Santiago & Robbins, Richard G., 2023, Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories, Zootaxa 5251 (1), pp. 1-274 : 19

103. Ixodes hexagonus Leach, 1815 .

Palearctic: 1) Algeria, 2) Austria, 3) Belgium, 4) Bosnia and Herzegovina, 5) Bulgaria, 6) Croatia, 7) Czechia, 8) Denmark, 9) France, 10) Germany, 11) Great Britain, 12) Greece, 13) Hungary, 14) Ireland, 15) Italy, 16) Luxembourg, 17) Morocco, 18) Netherlands, 19) North Macedonia, 20) Norway, 21) Poland, 22) Portugal, 23) Romania, 24) Russia, 25) Serbia, 26) Slovakia, 27) Slovenia, 28) Spain, 29) Sweden, 30) Switzerland, 31) Turkey, 32) Ukraine ( Feider 1965, Bailly-Choumara et al. 1974, Filippova 1977, Martyn 1988, Jaenson et al. 1994, Papadopoulos et al. 1996, Trilar 2004, Cringoli et al. 2005, Nijhof et al. 2007, Burridge 2011, Santos-Silva et al. 2011, Bursali et al. 2012, Krčmar 2012, Nowak-Chmura & Siuda 2012, Petney et al. 2012, Estrada-Peña et al. 2017, Karbowiak et al. 2020, Hornok et al. 2021, Rubel et al. 2021, Rubel & Brugger 2022).

Guglielmone & Nava (2014) cautioned that Ixodes hexagonus has been confused with both related and unrelated tick species, and Guglielmone et al. (2020, 2021) treated Nearctic, Neotropical and Oriental records of Ixodes hexagonus as misidentifications.

Records of Ixodes hexagonus from Algeria and Morocco are based on Filippova (1977) and Bailly-Choumara et al. (1974), respectively. Petney et al. (2012) considered Central Asia to be the eastern limit of the range of Ixodes hexagonus because they believed that the records of Ixodes crenulatus in Pomerantzev (1950) represented Ixodes hexagonus , but Filippova (1977) supported Pomerantzev´s diagnosis and we follow her opinion.

Robbins (2005) stated that records of Ixodes hexagonus from Taiwan are the result of misidentifications. Richter et al. (2013) listed an unusual record from Iceland, although these authors do not believe that Ixodes hexagonus is established there. Tavassoli & Mohamadi (2015) allegedly found this species in Iran, but its presence in that country is not supported by Hosseini-Chegeni et al. (2019). Consequently, Taiwan, Iceland and Iran are not included within the geographic distribution of Ixodes hexagonus .