Simulium wygodzinskyorum Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989 : 318

Nascimento, Jeane Marcelle Cavalcante Do, Hamada, Neusa & Huamantinco-Araujo, Ana A., 2016, New morphological information on Simulium wygodzinskyorum Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989 (Diptera: Simuliidae), Zootaxa 4117 (2), pp. 289-300 : 291-295

Simulium wygodzinskyorum Coscarón & Py-Daniel

Simulium (Grenieriella) wygodzinskyorum Coscarón & Py-Daniel 1989: 319 .

Simulium (Trichodagmia) wygodzinskyorum Crosskey & Howard 1997: 79 ; 2004: 74; Miranda Esquivel & Coscarón 2001: 429 – 435; Coscarón-Arias 2003: 191, 206; Coscarón, Coscarón-Arias & Papavero 2008: 50; Hernández-Triana 2011: 170; Adler & Crosskey 2016.

Larva (last-instar) ( Figs 2 A–E to 6A–I). Body length 4.6–5.0 mm (mean = 4.8 mm, SD = 0.13, n = 5); head capsule, mean lateral length 0.72–0.9 mm (mean = 0.8 mm, SD = 0.05, n = 6). General color, dorso-laterally varying from dark green to brownish green, ventrally whitish ( Figs 2 A–E).

Head capsule wrinkled, with small simple setae distributed on all over it; general coloration varying from brown to yellowish brown ( Figs 4 A–D; 5A–C); in dorsal view, frontoclypeal apotome with central area lighter and posterior margin, usually, with a brown triangular mark ( Figs 4 B–C); with 1 + 1 lateral, short, elongated marks (more evident in some individuals) ( Figs 4 A–D). Head, in dorsal view, with 1 + 1 small, whitish spots located above the ocelli ( Figs 4 A- D); in lateral view with yellowish marks near posterior margin ( Fig. 5 C); in ventral view with 1 + 1 elongated yellowish marks ( Figs 5 A, B), located near the posterior margin. Cervical sclerites small, elliptical, free in the membrane ( Fig. 6 D). In ventral view, postgenal cleft deep, subtriangular, with lateral margins parallel near posterior margins, covered with pigmented tissue ( Figs 5 A, B); postgenal bridge 0.56 times the hypostoma length ( Fig. 6 B); subesophageal ganglion not pigmented ( Figs 5 A, B). Antenna ( Fig. 6 E) shorter than labral fan stalk; proximal article shorter than distal and medial articles, distal article shorter than the medial one, proportions of articles (proximal: medial: distal, excluding apical sensillum) 1: 0.36–0.5: 1.33–1.75 (n= 10); general coloration yellowish brown, except base of distal article and part of half distal region of medial article whitish (see Fig. 6 E). Labral fan with 30–42 primary rays, general coloration yellowish brown; rays with microtrichia arranged as follows: an alternating series of one long microtrichium and three slightly shorter ones ( Fig. 6 C). Hypostoma ( Figs 6 A, B) with anterior margin straight, strongly pigmented; medial region with a dark longitudinal stripe wide at the posterior margin; with nine simple teeth; median and lateral teeth similar in length and longer than 3 + 3 sublateral teeth; lateral teeth wider at their base than the median and sublateral teeth; with 3–5 + 3–5 lateral serrations; hypostoma with 1 + 1 lines of 7–8 sublateral seta, 1 + 1 bifid setae on basal 1/5 and 1–2 + 1–2 small setae near hypostomal groove. Mandibular teeth: one apical, two external; three subapical; 6 or 7 internal teeth; one mandibular serration and one small mandibular sensillum (sensu Craig & Craig 1986); four latero-mandibular processes thick and bifurcated on apical 1/3 ( Figs 6 F, G). Body cuticle with sparsely distributed short, simple setae; abdomen with 1 + 1 dorso-lateral tubercles on segments II–VIII (less frequently on segments I–VIII or III–VIII), varying from well-developed to poorly developed ( Figs 2 A–E; 3A, B); ventral tubercles absent; gill histoblast dissected with 12 filaments. Arms of anal sclerite as in Figure 6 I, anterodorsal arms 0.45–0.60 as long as posteroventral arms, associated with some thin, short setae. Posterior circlet bearing 169– 191 rows (n= 6) with 20–29 hooks (n= 9). Rectal papilla ( Fig. 6 H) with three branches, each with approximately 25–35 finger-shaped lobes (n= 2); total number of lobes varying from 89 to 92.

Pupa ( Figs 7 A–B to 9A–J). Cocoon tightly woven, light brown, boot-shaped, with anterior rim slightly thickened ( Figs 7 A, B, 8C). Thorax with 4 + 4 pairs of multiramous trichomes (3–4 branches) ( Figs 8 D). Gills ( Figs 7 A, B, 8A) with 12 grayish brown, stout, crenulated filaments ( Fig. 8 B) distributed in a three-dimensional pattern: main trunk short, giving rise to four sets of primary branches, two with two secondary branches and two with four secondary branches; filaments branching at different heights; with tips pointed or slightly rounded, not sclerotized ( Figs 8 A, B); basal fenestra evident ( Fig. 8 A). Abdominal ( Fig. 9 ) tergite I dark, sclerotized on proximal ¾, with one pair of anterolateral setae; tergite II with a small sclerotized area on anteromedial region, with 4 + 4 central stout setae in the medial region of the tergite ( Fig. 9 A), two pairs of short sublateral setae; tergites III and IV each with 4 + 4 anteriorly directed pairs of stout, simple hooks on posterior margin of the central region of the tergite ( Figs 9 B, C); tergite III with three pairs of short lateral setae on posterior margin; tergite V without setae or spines; tergite VI with comb-like groups of fine posteriorly directed microspines on antero-lateral region; tergites VII with a row of comb-like groups of fine posteriorly directed microspines near anterior margin ( Fig. 9 D); tergite VIII with a sclerotized comb of strong spines (posteriorly directed) located along the anterior region of the tergite ( Fig. 9 E); tergite IX with a sclerotized comb of strong spines (inward directed), located along the anterior margin of the tergite ( Fig. 9 F), median region of the comb with scarce spines; tergite IX with one pair of short spines, posteriorly. Sternites IV–VII with comb-like groups of fine posteriorly directed microspines on central, anterior region ( Fig. 9 H); sternite VIII with comb-like groups of fine posteriorly directed microspines on Male genitalia ( Figs 10 A–G). Gonocoxite and gonostylus ( Figs 10 A, B, G) yellowish brown, covered with long, thick setae; in ventral view, gonocoxite around 1.4 times wider than long, with proximal and apical region sclerotized and a central triangular region not sclerotized ( Fig. 10 G); gonostylus longer than wide ( Figs 10 A, G), around 1.2 times the gonocoxite length, bearing one stout spinule at the apex. Ventral plate ( Figs 10 C, D, F) rectangular (three times wider than high), with main body and median anterior projection covered with thin setae; in dorsal view, distal margin of ventral plate body concave medially, the base of the median anterior projection is inserted posteriorly to this concave margin, represented in this view by a rounded invaginated region that occupies almost the entire length of the mesal region of the ventral plate ( Fig. 10 C); in ventral view, median anterior projection as wide as long, slightly surpassing the distal margin ( Fig. 10 D); in lateral view, median anterior projection elongated, anteriorly projected, with basal region wide, narrowing toward apical region ( Fig. 10 E); in ventral view (with the apex tilted dorsally) median anterior projection 1.6 times longer than wide, apex rounded ( Fig. 10 F); proximal margin of the ventral plate body at the median region V-shaped ( Figs 10 C, D, F).

Material examined. Peru, Chanchamayo Province, San Ramón District , Junín Region , Uarango River (11°08'41.2"S, 75°24'11.9"W, 1017 m), 09/viii/2014, N. Hamada, J.M.C. Nascimento, R.L. Ferreira-Keppler & S.M. Clemente, cols.: 12 larvae on slides—4 ( INPA) and 8 (MHN-UNMSM), 3 pupae on slides—2 ( INPA) and 1 (MHN- UNMSM), 8 larvae in ethanol—3 ( INPA) and 5 ( MHN-UNMSM), male (pharate adult) on slide ( INPA), 5 non-last instar larvae—2 ( INPA) and 3 ( MHN-UNMSM) .

Other material examined.

Simulium wygodzinskyorum Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989: 318 .

Paratype male and pupal exuviae. Peru: Junin, San Ramón, Estancia El Naranjal , altitude 1000 m; 20-vii-1965 (P. & B. Wygodzinsky) (housed at the Museo de La Plata—MLP, La Plata, Argentina).

Simulium wygodzinskyorum :

Larva on slide. Ecuador, Ningo, vii-2000, (C.L. Coscarón-Arias) (housed at the Museo de La Plata—MLP, La Plata, Argentina).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Simulium wygodzinskyorum (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae, lateral habitus. A – E: color variation and variation in the development and number of paired dorsal tubercles. (Bar = 1 mm).

FIGURE 4. Simulium wygodzinskyorum (Diptera: Simuliidae) larval head, dorsal view. A – D: variation in the color pattern of the cephalic apotome, with lighter areas inside it varying in distribution. (Bar = 0.2 mm).

FIGURE 5. Simulium wygodzinskyorum (Diptera: Simuliidae) larval head, showing variation in the cuticle color pattern. A, B: ventral view, showing variation in the pigmentation of the tissue that covers the postgenal cleft. C: lateral view. (Bar = 0.2 mm).

FIGURE 6. Simulium wygodzinskyorum (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae. A: hypostoma. B: postgenal cleft. C: labral fan, detail of microtrichia. D: cervical sclerites. E: antenna. F: mandible. Arrow indicates the location of the latero-mandibular process. G: latero-mandibular process showing the bifurcated apex. H. rectal papilla. I: anal sclerite.

FIGURE 7. Simulium wygodzinskyorum (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupa habitus. A: lateral view. B: dorsal view. (Bar = 1 mm).

FIGURE 8. Simulium wygodzinskyorum (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupae. A: gill filaments, ventral view. B: gill, detail of apex. C: middle region of the anterior margin of the cocoon, in dorsal view. D: thoracic trichomes.

FIGURE 9. Simulium wygodzinskyorum (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupae; left: abdominal tergites, right: abdominal sternites. A: group of stout setae on tergite II. B, C: stout, simple hooks on tergites III and IV. D: comb-like group of microspines on tergites VI and VII. E: sclerotized comb of strong spines (posteriorly directed) on tergite VIII. F: sclerotized comb of strong spines (inward directed) on tergite IX. G, I: stout, simple hooks on sternites V, VI and VII. H, J: comb-like groups of fine posteriorly directed microspines on sternites IV – VIII.

FIGURE 10. Simulium wygodzinskyorum (Diptera: Simuliidae) male. A, B: terminalia in situ. A: ventral view. B: posterior view. C – F: ventral plate. C: dorsal view; arrow indicates the rounded invaginated region. D: ventral view. E: lateral view. F: ventral view with distal margin tilted dorsally (approximately in the same view represented in Coscarón & Py-Daniel (1989 )). G: gonocoxite and gonostylus, in ventral view.