Necrophila (Calosilpha) brunnicollis
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4013.4.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FE1C6E7B-1FFE-401B-928D-4900064068BE |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5686451 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787D7-5603-FF89-1BE1-FA4711BA2E1C |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Necrophila (Calosilpha) brunnicollis |
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2) Necrophila (Calosilpha) brunnicollis sensu lato
When analyzing the different N. (C.) brunnicollis populations, the first RW axis in the male groups accounted for 62.34% of the elytral shape differences and the second RW axis had a value of 17.61%. Alternatively, the female groups showed 52.91% shape variation in the first RW axis and 15.54% in the second. The RWs scatter plots in both sexes were greatly overlapped (not shown here), and the TPS transformation grids showed little shape variability in the elytra. Males appeared to be generally truncate, and particularly specimens from Continental Asia ( Fig. 68 View FIGURE 68 ). The female elytral apex conversely seemed more protracted and rounded compared to that of the males ( Fig. 69 View FIGURE 69 ).
MANOVA appeared significant for both sexes. In the male population groups: F = 3.291, Wilk’s lambda = 0.6343, d.f. = 24/465, and p <0.0001. For the female groups: F = 7.817, Wilk’s lambda = 0.4194, d.f. = 24/537, and p <0.0001. CVA was performed on the first 8 axes of the RW scores matrix, representing 98.33% of shape variability in males and 98.07% in females. The plot displayed great overlap between all male and female groups ( Fig. 70 View FIGURE 70 ). The jackknifed values of the CVA confusion matrix indicated a large number of incorrectly classified specimens in both males and females ( Table 3).
Regions Males Females
Correctly classified Misclassified Total Correctly classified Misclassified Total Continental Asia 27 41 68 51 36 87 Japan (Kyushu) 6 9 15 14 4 18 Japan (Ryukus) 14 17 31 22 9 31 Japan (Honshu + Shikoku) 23 34 57 20 40 60 Inasmuch as there were many misclassifications, discriminant analysis between each pair of groups was performed on the first 8 RW scores of the matrix for further support of significance ( Table 4). Results between the majority of tested groups were significant, thus indicating shape variability. The exception was in comparing males of the Japan (Kyushu) and Japan (Honshu + Shikoku) groups.
Tested groups Males/Females
Hotelling’s t2 F value p value (p <) % Misclassified Continental Asia / Japan (Kyushu) 22.74/ 77.24 2.60/ 8.99 0.05/ 0.001 26.51/ 14.24 Continental Asia / Japan (Ryukus) 21.27/ 55.74 2.47/ 6.55 0.05/ 0.001 35.35/ 23.73 Continental Asia / Japan (Honshu + Shikoku) 46.12/ 87.21 5.44/ 10.38 0.001/ 0.001 24.8/ 23.13 Japan (Honshu + Shikoku) / Japan (Kyushu) 9.43/ 29.34 1.06/ 3.33 0.4017 / 0.01 31.94/ 23.08 Japan (Honshu + Shikoku) / Japan (Ryukus) 45.82/ 52.60 5.26/ 6.06 0.001/ 0.001 19.32/ 18.68 Japan (Kyushu) / Japan (Ryukus) 55.86/ 76.49 5.87/ 8.46 0.001/ 0.001 15.22/ 10.20 To exclude the effect of allometry, regression analysis was conducted in both male and female groups separately. Size explained 20.78% of the shape variability in males and its effect was significant (F = 10.909, p <0.001). In females it explained 34.79% and results also showed significance (F = 25.51, p <0.001). Permutation tests with 1,000 random permutations indicated significance; p <0.0091 in males and p <0.0087 in females. As indicated, size played a great role in the shape variation between the groups.
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