Paraphilopterus knutieae Gustafsson & Bush

Gustafsson, Daniel R. & Bush, Sarah E., 2014, Two new species of Paraphilopterus Mey, 2004 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from New Guinean bowerbirds (Passeriformes: Ptilonorhynchidae) and satinbirds (Passeriformes: Cnemophilidae), Zootaxa 3873 (2), pp. 155-164 : 157-159

Paraphilopterus knutieae Gustafsson & Bush , new species

( Figs 1–4 , 9 , 11–12 )

Type host: Amblyornis macgregoriae nubicola Schodde & McKean, 1973 (Ptilonorhynchidae) —Macgregor's bowerbird.

Other hosts: Amblyornis macgregoriae kombok Schodde & McKean, 1973 ; Archboldia sanfordi (Mayr & Gilliard, 1950) (Ptilonorhynchidae) —Sanford's bowerbird.

Diagnosis. The female Paraphilopterus knutieae n. sp. is separated from that of P. styloideus by having fewer pteronotal setae, with the two most lateral setae on each side being separated from the others by a gap ( Fig. 4 ). Female terminalia are similar in the two species, but P. k nu t i e ae has two setae on each pseudostylus (one in P. styloideus ) and six minute setae (two in P. styloideus ) near the vulval margin. The male of P. knut ieae is separated from that of P. m ey i n. sp. by the shape of the dorsal preantennal plate ( Figs 11–13 ), and by the presence of a sublateral gap in the pteronotal setal row. As the male of P. styloideus is unknown, no comparison can be made.

Description. Head shape and chaetotaxy as in Fig. 1 . Hyaline margin wide, long, bulging laterally; median section shallowly concave. Dorsal anterior plate largely rectangular, medianly extended to mandibles ( Figs 11–12 ). Ventral anterior plate roundly rectangular. Coni short and slender. Trabecula very large, much broader than scape, anterior margin much convex. Post-ocular nodi small, rounded; postocular setae (POS) located near posterior margin of eye. Gular plate diffuse, slender, drop-shaped.

Thoracic and abdominal segments as in Figs 3–4 . Pronotal post-spiracular setae (PPSS) do not extend to posterior margin of pteronotum. One PSMS on each side in both sexes. Pteronotum with 17–20 (one specimen each with 21 and 23) setae on posterior margin in male, and 19–22 (one specimen each with 18 and 23) in female. Gap in pteronotal setae as in Figs 3–4 (arrowed); second and fourth setae from lateral margin typically longer than other setae.

Male. Abdominal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 3 . Tergocentral setae: segment II: 12–15 (+ 2 in anterior end); III–V: 19–12; VI: 8–10; VII: 8–11; VIII: 7–9; IX+X: 2; XI: 4. Sternal setae: II–III: 6–8; IV–VI: 5–7; VII–VIII: 2; IX+X: 0; XI: 4. Pleural setae: II–III 0; IV: 2–3; V: 3; VI: 4; VII–VIII: 3; IX+X: 3 (one pair very short); XI: 0. Genitalia as in Fig. 2 . Mesomere medianly divided into two separate plates shaped as in Fig. 5 . Measurements: ex Amblyornis macgregoriae nubicola (n = 15): TL = 1.41–1.63 (1.52); HL = 0.53–0.60 (0.56); HW = 0.49–0.53 (0.51); AS 3 = 0.07–0.11 (0.09); ADS = 0.03–0.05 (0.05); DAPL = 0.27–0.32 (0.29); DAPLL = 0.17–0.18 (0.18); DAPW = 0.18–0.20 (0.18); PRW = 0.27–0.32 (0.30); PTW = 0.40–0.46 (0.43); AW = 0.56–0.65 (0.61). Ex A. m. kombok (n = 6): TL = 1.49–1.57 (1.52); HL = 0.53–0.56 (0.54); HW = 0.45–0.49 (0.48); AS 3 = 0.08–0.09 (0.08); ADS = 0.04–0.05 (0.04); DAPL = 0.28–0.31 (0.30); DAPLL = 0.18–0.21 (0.19); DAPW = 0.18–0.20 (0.19); PRW = 0.28–0.29 (0.29); PTW = 0.42–0.43 (0.42); AW = 0.61–0.67 (0.63). Ex Archboldia sanfordi (n = 10): TL = 1.51–1.66 (1.59); HL = 0.55–0.58 (0.57); HW = 0.47–0.52 (0.51); AS 3 = 0.09–0.11 (0.10); ADS = 0.04–0.06 (0.05); DAPL = 0.28–0.31 (0.29); DAPLL = 0.19–0.21 (0.20); DAPW = 0.19–0.19 (0.19); PRW = 0.26–0.32 (0.29); PTW = 0.41–0.48 (0.44); AW = 0.63–0.68 (0.65).

Female. Abdominal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 4 . Tergocentral setae: segment II: 13–15 (+ 2 in anterior end); III–IV: 12–14; V–VII: 11–13; VIII: 8–10; IX+X: 2; XI: 0. Sternal setae: II–III: 4–7; IV–VII: 2–4 (one female with 7–11 sternal setae on segments II–VI). Pleural setae: II–III 0; IV–V: 3; VI: 4; VII–VIII: 3; IX+X: 3 (one pair very short, thorn-like); XI: 4. Pseudostyli each with two setae distally, and one seta basally. Terminalia as in Fig. 9 . Minor lateral seta of tergite IX+X short and stout (arrowed in Fig. 9 a) or long and threadlike (arrowed in Fig. 9 b). Six (rarely seven) short distal setae on each side near the vulval margin, and 2–4 (typically 3) short proximal setae on each side of the subgenital plate ( Fig. 9 a). Measurements: ex Amblyornis macgregoriae nubicola (n = 15): TL = 1.64–2.01 (1.80); HL = 0.58–0.65 (0.62); HW = 0.54–0.58 (0.56); AS 3 = 0.09–0.12 (0.10); ADS = 0.04–0.06 (0.05); DAPL = 0.32–0.34 (0.33); DAPLL = 0.19–0.23 (0.21); DAPW = 0.19–0.21 (0.20); PRW = 0.29–0.35 (0.33); PTW = 0.46–0.53 (0.50); AW = 0.63–0.79 (0.70). Ex A. m. kombok (n = 9): TL = 1.60–1.81 (1.70); HL = 0.58–0.61 (0.60); HW = 0.52–0,54 (0.53); AS 3 = 0.07–0.10 (0.09); ADS = 0.03–0.05 (0.04); DAPL = 0.30–0.34 (0.32); DAPLL = 0.21–0.22 (0.21); DAPW = 0.20–0.21 (0.21); PRW = 0.29–0.32 (0.31); PTW = 045–0.49 (0.47); AW = 0.65–0.72 (0.69). Ex Archboldia sanfordi (n = 6): TL = 1.73–2.02 (1.86); HL = 0.60–0.63 (0.62); HW = 0.55–0.57 (0.56); AS 3 = 0.10–0.12 (0.10); ADS = 0.04–0.06 (0.05); DAPL = 0.30–0.34 (0.32); DAPLL = 0.20–0.21 (0.21); DAPW = 0.19–0.22 (0.20); PRW = 0.31–0.34 (0.32); PTW = 0.47–0.52 (0.50); AW = 0.67–0.81 (0.74).

Comments. Material from Archboldia sanfordi slightly differs from that from Amblyornis macgregoriae ssp. in (1) the number of pteronotal setae (19–22 in males and 22–24 in females versus 17–20 in males and 19–22 in females, respectively); (2) the length of PPSS, reaching the posterior margin of pteronotum in specimens from Archboldia sanfordi ; (3) the length of dorsal anterior plate, especially in males, where those in lice from Archboldia sanfordi are more similar to those of P. meyi n. sp. ( Fig. 13 ) than those in lice from Amblyornis macgregoriae ssp. ( Fig. 11 ); and (4) most notably, in 8 of 10 females examined from Archboldia sanfordi , the shorter dorso-lateral seta of tergites IX+X reaches the posterior half of tergite, and 4 even reach beyond the posterior margin of the tergite ( Fig. 9 b), while in only 8 out of 35 from A. macgregoriae ssp. that seta reaches the posterior half of the tergite, and none reaches beyond the posterior margin ( Fig. 9 a). There is also a tendency for lice of both sexes from Archboldia sanfordi to have fewer tergocentral setae. In all these characters there is overlap between the material from different host species and subspecies; therefore, until more is known about morphological variation within Paraphilopterus and more samples from these hosts have been collected, we do not feel confident that the material from these two host genera can reliably be separated on morphological grounds. Therefore, we tentatively keep material from both hosts together in a single species.

Material examined. Types: Ex Amblyornis macgregoriae nubicola : Holotype ♀, Bulldog Road, 6 miles from Edie Creek, elev. 2,200 m, Morobe District, Papua New Guinea, 3 Dec. 1970, A.B. Mirza coll. (host # BBM-NG- 99469) ( NHML). Paratypes: 4♂, 10♀, same data as holotype ( NHML); 7♂, 8♀, same data as holotype ( USNM); 11♂, 9♀, same data as holotype (PIPeR).

Non-types: Ex Amblyornis macgregoriae nubicola : 10 nymphs, same data as holotype (PIPeR).

Ex Amblyornis macgregoriae kombok : 5 ♂, 7♀, 2 nymphs, Tari, elev. 5,300 ft, Southern Highlands District, Papua New Guinea, 14 Sep. 1963, P. Temple coll. (host BBM-NG-23001) (PIPeR). 1 ♂, 1 nymph, Mount Piura, elev. 2,100 m, Eastern Highlands District, Papua New Guinea, 14 Jun. 1966, O.R. Wilkes coll. (host BBM-NG- 52119) (PIPeR).

Ex Archboldia sanfordi [given as “ Archboldia papuensis ” on slides, but collection localities indicate that this is A. sanfordi , sometimes considered a subspecies of A. papuensis (e.g. Gill & Donsker 2014)]: 5♂, 4♀, Mur Mur Pass, 10 km NNE Tambul, elev. 2,800 m, Western Highlands District, Papua New Guinea, 25 Sep. 1968, N. Wilson coll. (host BBM-NG-97337) ( NHML). 2♂, 3♀, 1 nymph, same data as previous sample ( USNM). 6♂, 4♀, 2 nymphs, same data as previous sample (PIPeR). 3♂, 3♀, Kagaba, 40 km road N Mendi, elev. 2,800 m, Southern Highlands District, Papua New Guinea, 16 Dec. 1967, [M.] Nadchatram, [A.B.] Mirza coll. (host BBM-NG-60462) (PIPeR). 2 nymphs, Kagaba, 40 km road N Mendi, elev. 2,800 m, Southern Highlands District, Papua New Guinea, 16 Dec. 1967, [M.] Nadchatram, [A.B.] Mirza coll. (host BBM-NG-60462) (PIPeR).

Etymology. We name this species in honor of Sarah A. Knutie (University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A.), in recognition of her work on the ecology of host-parasite interactions.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 4. Paraphilopterus knutieae n. sp. ex Amblyornis macgregoriae nubicola. 1, male head, dorsal and ventral views (pulvinus omitted for clarity); scale bar = 0. 1 mm. 2, male genitalia, dorsal view; scale bar = 0. 1 mm. 3, male thorax and abdomen, dorsal and ventral views (distal leg segments omitted); scale bar = 0. 5 mm. 4, female thorax and abdomen, dorsal and ventral views (distal leg segments omitted). Note: Arrow denotes gap in pteronotal row of setae. Abbreviations: ADS = anterior dorsal seta; AS 1 – 3 = anterior setae 1 – 3; AVS 1 – 3 = anterior ventral setae 1 – 3; DSMS = dorsal submarginal seta; MDS = mandibular seta; MTS 1 – 5: marginal temporal setae 1 – 5; OS = ocular seta; PAS = preantennal seta; PCS = preconal setae; POS = postocular seta; VSMS 1 – 2 = ventral submarginal setae 1 – 2. Dorsal sensilla not named, and variable between individuals.

FIGURES 9 – 10. Female terminalia, dorsal and ventral views. 9, Paraphilopterus knutieae n. sp. ex Amblyornis macgregoriae nubicola; 9 a, dorsal lateral setae of tergite IX + X of P. knutieae ex Archboldia sanfordi (9 b). 10, P. meyi n. sp. Scale bars = 0. 5 mm. Notes: Subgenital plates are poorly sclerotized and delimited in both species, and included here only approximately. Arrows indicate shorter dorso-lateral seta on segments IX + X. The letters a, b, and c indicate the three setae on each pseudostylus.

FIGURES 11 – 13. Male dorsal anterior plates and hyaline margins. 11, Paraphilopterus knutieae n. sp. ex Amblyornis macgregoriae nubicola. 12, P. knutieae n. sp. ex Archboldia sanfordi. 13, Paraphilopterus meyi n. sp. ex Cnemophilus macgregorii macgregorii. Scale bars = 0. 1 mm.

FIGURES 5 – 8. Paraphilopterus meyi n. sp. ex Cnemophilus macgregorii macgregorii. 5, male head, dorsal and ventral views (pulvinus omitted for clarity); scale bar = 0. 1 mm. 6, male genitalia, dorsal view; scale bar = 0. 1 mm. 7, male thorax and abdomen, dorsal and ventral views (distal leg segments omitted); scale bar = 0. 5 mm. 8, female thorax and abdomen (distal leg segments omitted); scale bar = 0. 5 mm.