Coxollodes loriai ( Grouvelle, 1906 )

Lawrence, John F. & Kirejtshuk, Alexander G., 2019, Review of the Australian Cyllodini (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Nitidulinae), with descriptions of new taxa, and notes on the genus Macleayania (Nitidulini), Zootaxa 4544 (3), pp. 301-334 : 313-316

Coxollodes loriai ( Grouvelle, 1906)

( Figs 4, 11 , 26–27 , 43 , 52, 56 )

Pallodes loriai Grouvelle 1906: 327 . Type locality: “N lle Guinée Britannique: Bujakori, coll. Loria” (MCNG); Kirejtshuk 2008: 118.

Pallodes opacus Grouvelle 1906: 330 , syn. nov. Type locality: “Iles Arou, Wokan” (= Tanahbesar I. or Wokam I., Aru Islands, Indonesia), coll. O. Beccari (MCNG).

Diagnosis. This species has a characteristic shape of the antennal club, although this feature shows a rather wide variation probably depending on body size. Indo-Malayan and Australian specimens are very similar to each other, but exhibit a series of parallel variations. Coxollodes loriai differs from C. cyrtusoides and C. amamiensis from the only in the ultimate antennomere more or less longer than two previous ones combined (in C. cyrtusoides the ultimate antennomere not longer than two previous antennomeres) and also from C. reitteri from in the moderately narrow tibiae and more raised median carina on prosternum. The specimens of the type series and other specimens from New Guinea in general have somewhat larger body size: length of the lectotype of Pallodes loriai is 2.6 mm and the length of the holotype of P. opacus is 2.8 mm. Additionally, the Australian specimens usually have a shining dorsal integument and with distinct and deeper punctures.

Redescription. Length = 1.80–2.90: 1.80–2.10 (1.96 ± 0.10, n = 11) mm. Body broadly ovate, strongly convex: body length/elytral width = 1.28–1.61: 1.28–1.41 (1.34); greatest depth/elytral width = 0.58–0.64 (0.61). Posterior part of head, anteromesal portion of pronotum, scutellar shield and elytra dark reddish-brown to black; lateral portions and posterior edge of pronotum yellow; pygidium, ventral surfaces and legs varying from yellow to black. Dorsal vestiture very short and not visible under lower magnification; ventral vestiture consisting of short, fine setae. Head about 0.92× as long as wide. Eyes about 0.44× as long as head width. Temples about 0.18× as long as eye, more or less straight. Frontoclypeal suture distinct. Clypeus 0.37× as long as wide at base, sides subparallel to weakly concave apex. Labrum 0.36× as long as wide; sides rounded, anterior edge weakly, broadly rounded with very fine median incision. Antennal scape 1.75× as long as wide and 1.56× as long as pedicel; antennomere 3 about 2.0× as long as 4; club 1.16× as long as antennomeres 3–8 combined and 2.00× as long as wide; terminal antennomere as long as wide. Mandible strongly, abruptly curved at apex, which is obliquely bidentate and dorsally serrate; mola well-developed with a number of transverse ridges; prostheca a slender membrane lined with hairs; base of mola ventrally with densely setose lobe. Apical maxillary palpomere 2.5× as long as wide, widest near base with narrowly rounded apex. Mentum 0.45× as long as wide, widest subapically, apex slightly, broadly emarginate, with pair of broadly angulate anterior processes flanking shallow median emargination. Apical labial palpomere 1.5× as long as wide, broadly rounded at apex. Genal ridges sinuate and strongly converging, extending almost to posterior edges of eyes. Pronotum 0.42–0.47 (0.44)× as long as wide, widest at about posterior fourth, sides obliquely explanate, lateral margins very narrow, not visible for their entire lengths from above; anterior edge emarginate forming broadly rounded anterior angles; posterior angles almost right; posterior edge broadly rounded but sinuate on either side of scutellar shield; disc evenly convex; punctation very fine and sparse, punctures usually separated by more than two diameters; interspaces smooth and shiny. Prosternum 0.27× as long as mid length of procoxal cavity, with median carina extending beyond middle of prosternal process, which is 0.31× as wide as mid length of procoxal cavity, not curved behind coxae, and apically slightly emarginate, without distinct vertical or oblique wall. Scutellar shield 0.40× as wide as pronotum, with subacute apex; punctation about as fine and sparse as that on pronotum. Elytra 0.87–1.00 (0.93)× as long as wide and 2.05–2.60 (2.32)× as long as pronotum; lateral margins not visible from above; apices independently rounded, usually exposing part of pygidium; humeri weakly developed; disc convex; subsutural lines extending almost to anterior end; megapunctures distinctly larger than scutellar punctures, forming irregular, often incomplete rows and relatively widely separated within rows, punctation more confused posteriorly; micropunctures irregularly distributed; interspaces usually smoth or lightly sculptured and shiny. Epipleura oblique, wider anteriorly, gradually narrowed posteriorly and extending to posterior edge of abdominal ventrite 4. Anterior edge of mesoventrite on same plane as metaventrite, with low mesal carina extending to about middle and separating a pair of impressions; posterior edge of mesoventrite between mesocoxae deeply emarginate. Mesocoxae separated by about 0.5× longest longitudinal diameter of mesocoxal cavity. Metaventrite slightly convex; shortest distance between meso- and metacoxal cavities 0.31× as long as width of ventrite; discrimen about 0.50× as long as metaventrite, excluding anterior process; axillary spaces absent; posterior edges of mesocoxal cavities joined by fine, anteriorly curved line near base of anterior process of metaventrite, which is narrowly rounded at apex. Metanepisternum 4.7× as long as wide, widest near anterior end and narrowed posteriorly. Metacoxae separated by about 0.5× mid length (shortest diameter) of metacoxa. Protibia slightly expanded apically, its outer edge densely lined with serrations, each of which bears a short, stout, blunt spine; outer apex rounded with 5 long, dark, spines. Mesotibia ( Fig. 56 ) moderately expanded, widest at apical third, then narrowed to apex, its outer edge lined with long, spines. Metatibia not or barely expanded, lined with long spines. Anterior faces of meso- and metatibia each with longitudinally oblique setal row. Basal pro- and mesotarsomeres moderately expanded and lobed. Metatarsomeres simple and metatarsus about equal in length to metatibia. Abdomen with ventrite 1 at lateral third slightly shorter than ventrite 2, with intercoxal process narrowly rounded, without postcoxal lines and with a double row of small pits behind metacoxae; ventrites 3 and 4 subequal to 1; ventrites 2–5 each with two transverse carinae near anterior edge; ventrite 5 1.22× as long as 4, broadly rounded in female and very slightly truncate in male. Pygidium with straight transverse basal carina, its apex broadly rounded in both sexes. Tergite VIII (anal sclerite) in male apically rounded. Tegmen ( Fig. 26 ) 2.50× as long as wide, sides parallel for basal three-fourths, then slightly converging to broadly rounded apex; anterior tegminal strut 0.37× as long as body of tegmen, with narrowly truncate apex; penis ( Fig. 27 ) slightly shorter than tegmen and 3.27× as long as wide, sides subparallel for basal four-fifths, then rather abruptly converging to narrowly rounded apex; anterior penile strut 1.32× as long as body of penis, slightly enlarged at apex. Ovipositor ( Fig. 43 ) 1.36× as long as wide, somewhat flattened; paraprocts 1.79× as long as gonocoxites, which are 1.08× as long as their combined widths, with subparallel sides and broadly truncate, contiguous apices, without gonostyli.

Types. Lectotype of Pallodes loriai here designated (MCNG), male, “N. Guinea, Bujakori, Agosto 1890, Loria”, “ Pallodes Loriae ty. Grouv.”, “Typus” and 27 paralectotypes (MCNG, ZIN) with the same labels; lectotype of Pallodes opacus here designated (MCNG), female, “Isole, Aru, Wokau, O. Beccari, 1873”, “ Pallodes opacus ty. Grouv.”

Notes on synonymy. The specimens in the type series of Pallodes loriai (including lectotype) are somewhat smaller (with length 2.4–2.7 mm) than the lectotype of Pallodes opacus (with length 2.8 mm). Additionally, the types series of the first includes mostly specimens with very characteristic appearance and proportions of sclerites, while the lectotype of the second is more or less unicolourous brown, and also the latter has more regular longitudinal rows on elytra and wider mesotibia.

Specimens examined. NSW: Beaury St. For.(28.29S, 152.23E), c 700m, 15–17.ii.1983 JFL Lot 83-9, Ganoderma applanatum, T. Weir, A. Calder (1, ANIC); Unumgar S. F. (28.27S, 152.45E), Coxs Rd., nr. Grevillia , Site 789, 580m, 2–11.i.1997, subtropical rainf., FMHD #87-176, flight intercept (window) trap, A. Newton, M. Thayer (3, FMNH, ANIC) ; Unumgar S. F. (28.24S, 152.40E), Pole Bridge Rd., nr. Woodenbong, Site 788, 430m, 2–11.i.1997, dry rainf., Arauc., Euc., FMHD #87-172, flight intercept (window) trap, A. Newton, M. Thayer (1, FMNH) ; Waiangaree St. For., Brindle Ck. , 740m, 29.ii–3.iii.1980, subtrop. rainf., A. Newton, M. Thayer (4, ANIC, FMNH) ; QLD: Atherton , 21km S, 1050–1100m, rainforest, 5.xi.1983, Pyrethrum, D. Yeates, G. Thompson (6, QMB) ; Bellenden Ker Ra., 1 km S of Cable Tower 6, 500m, 17.x–5.xi.1981, pyrethrum knockdown, Earthwatch / Queensland Museum (12, ANIC, QMB, ZIN) ; Bellenden Ker Range, Summit TV Stn., 1560m, rainforest, 28.x.1983, Pyrethrum knockdown, Monteith, Yeates, Thompson (1, QMB) ; Black Mtn. , 17km ESE of Julatten (16°39’S, 145°29’E), 1000m, rainforest, 14.iv.1982, QM Berlesate 388, moss ex rocks, Monteith, Yeates, Cook (1, QMB) ; Black Mtn. , 17km ESE of Julatten, 800–1000m, rainforest, 29–30.iv.1982, Pyrethrum knockdown, Monteith, Yeates, Cook (1, QMB) ; Bones Knob , 3km W (17°13’S, 145°25’E), 1100m, 10.xii.1995, Pyrethrum trees & logs, Monteith, Cook, Thompson (2, QMB) ; Cape Tribulation, 4.0 km W ( Site 8), 720m, rainforest, 28.ix.1982, Pyrethrum knockdown, Montieth, Yeates, Thompson (1, QMB) ; Cape Tribulation, 4.5–5.0 km W ( Top Camp ), 760–780m, rainforest, 1–6.x.1982, Pyrethrum knockdown, Montieth, Yeates, Thompson (2, QMB) ; Carbine Tableland, Upper Doolins Ck. , 1050m, 10.xi.1990, Pyrethrum fogging logs & rocks, Monteith, Janetzki, Sheridan (1, QMB) ; Charmill Ck. Xing, Tully Falls Rd. , 950m, 8.xii.1989 – 5.i.1990, pitfall & intercept traps, Monteith, Thompson, Janetzki (1, QMB) ; Danbulla S. F., 13km NE of Yungaburra , MDPI Intercept Trap Site No. 27, Storey & Faveri (1, QDPC) ; Graham Range (17°17’S, 145°58’E), 550m, 1.xi.1995, Pyrethrum trees & logs, G. Monteith (1, QMB) ; Graham Range (17°17’S, 145°58’E), 550m, 8.xii.1995, Pyrethrum trees, Monteith, Thompson, Cook (2, QMB) ; Hann Tableland, 13km WNW of Mareeba, MDPI Flight Intercept Trap Site No. 31, 3.v–20.vi.1988, 13.vii–4.viii.1988, Storey & De Faveri (2, QDPC) ; Heberton, Mjöberg (24, ( NRS, ZIN) ; Hugh Nelson Range, 21 km S of Atherton, MDPI Flight Intercept Trap Site No. 16, 5.xi.1983 – 9.i.1984, Storey & Brown (11 QDPC, ANIC) ; Hugh Nelson Range, 21 km S of Atherton, MDPI Flight Intercept Trap Site No. 17, 1.xii.1983 – 10.ii.1984, 7.ix–1.xi.1984, Storey & Brown (4 QDPC) ; Hugh Nelson Range , 2.5 kmS of Crater NP, 1100m, pyrethrum logs & trees, Monteith, Thompson (1, QMB) ; Kenny Road (17°28’S, 145°32’E), 850m, 25.xi.1994 – 10.i.1995, Flt. Intercept trap, Monteith, Hasenpusch (2, QMB) ; Kirrama Range, Douglas Ck. Rd. , 800m, rainforest, 10.xii.1986 – 11.i.1987, FIT, Monteith, Thompson, Hamlet (2, QMB) ; Kirrama Range, Douglas Ck. Rd. , 850m, rainforest, 10–12.xii.1986, Pyrethrum knockdown, Monteith, Thompson, Hamlet (10, QMB) ; Kirrama Range, Mt. Pershouse , 950m, 12.xii.1986, Pyrethrum knockdown, Monteith, Thompson, Hamlet (4, QMB) ; Kirrama Range, Mt. Hosis , 930m, 11.xii.1986, Pyrethrum knockdown, Monteith, Thompson, Hamlet (4, QMB) ; Kuranda St. For., 360m, 27.vii.1982, SBP92, rainforest litter, S. & J. Peck (5, ANIC, CNC, ZIN) ; Kuranda St. For. 360m, 27.vii.1982, SBP 92, rainforest litter (2, ANIC) ; Lamb Range , Douglas Ck., 900m, rainforest, 12.x.1982, Pyrethrum knockdown, Monteith, Yeates, Thompson (2, QMB) ; Massey Range , 6km NW of Bellenden Ker (17°14’S, 145°48’E), 1150m, 11.x.1991, Pyrethrum, Monteith, Janetzki (2, QMB) ; Millaa Millaa Falls, MDPI Flight Intercept Trap Site No. 34, 4.i–10.iv.1990, Storey & Halfpapp (6. QDPC) ; Mt. Demi (16°30’S, 145°19’E), 100m, 16–17.xii.1995, Pyrethrum trees, G. Monteith (1, QMB) ; Mt. Finnigan, via Helenvale , 850m, 3.xii.1990, Pyrethrum, logs, Monteith, Sheridan (1, QMB) ; Mt. Finnigan , 37km S of Cooktown, 1100m, 20.xii.1982, Pyrethrum knockdown, L. Roberts (1, QMB) ; Mt. Finnigan , 37km S of Cooktown, 850–1100m, 19–27.iv.1982, Pyrethrum knockdown, Monteith, Yeates, Cook (2, QMB) ; Mt. Fisher , 7km SW of Millaa Millaa, 1050–1100m, 27–29.iv.1982, Pyrethrum knockdown, Monteith, Yeates, Cook (2, QMB) ; Mt. Fisher, 7km SW of Millaa Millaa ( Whiteing Rd. ), 1200m, rainforest, 5.v.1993, Pyrethrum knockdown, Monteith, Yeates (1, QMB) ; Mt. Fisher summit (17°33’S, 145°33E), 1360m, 8.ii.1999, 2176, Pyrethrum trees & logs, rainforest, G. B. Monteith (5, QMB) ; Mt. Graham , 8km N Abergowre, 700m, 26.xii.1986, Pyrethrum knockdown, S. Hamlet (2, QMB) ; Mt. Lewis Rd., 11 km up via Julatten, 900m, MDPI Flight Intercept Trap Site No. 1, 11.xi–25.xii.1987, Storey & Walford-Huggins (1, QDPC) ; Mt. Williams (16°55’S, 145°40’E), 1000m, 2.xii.1993, Pyrethrum trees & logs, Monteith, Janetzki (3, QMB) ; O’Reilly’s Guesthouse , Lamington Nat. Pk., 27.xii.1981 – 15.i.1982, flight intercept trap, G. B. Monteith (1, QMB) ; Paluma, 7 km NW, MDPI Intercept Trap Site No. 32, 13.xi.1988 – 14.ii.1989, Storey & Brown (5, QDPC) ; Ravenshoe St. For., Tully Falls Rd. , 10.x–15.xi.1987, intercept trap, rainforest (3, ANIC) ; Roaring Meg Ck. , 6km W of Cape Tribulation, 710m, rainforest, 6.x.1982, Pyrethrum knockdown, Monteith, Yeates, Thompson (1, QMB) ; Roaring Meg Valley (16°04’S, 145°25’E), 720m, 22.xi.1993, Pyrethrum trees & logs, Monteith, Janetzki (4, QMB) ; Rosina Creek , 14km SE Millaa Millaa, 720m, 24.vi–2.viii.1982, SBP48, flight intercept trap, rainforest, S. & J. Peck (1, ANIC) ; South Johnston R. S., MDPI Flight Intercept Trap Site No. 36, 11.x–29.xi.1990, K. H. Halfpapp (1, QDPC) ; Springbrook Repeater (28°15’S, 153°16’E), 1000m, 9.i–19.ii.1995, intercept traps, G. B. Monteith (1, QMB) ; Tinnaroo Creek Rd., 26 km up via Mareeba, MDPI Flight Intercept Trap Site No. 7, 23.xii.1982 – 12.i.1983, 16.iii–12.iv.1983, Morgan, Brown, Storey (7, QDPC) ; Topaz, Pei Road (17°24’S, 145°41’E), 580m, rainforest, 6.xii.1993 – 25.ii.1994, intercept, Monteith, Cook, Janetzki (1, QMB) ; Tully Falls S. F., 9.5km SSW Ravenshoe, 1000m, MDPI Flight Intercept Trap Site No. 29A, 5.xi. 1987 – 20.iv.1988, Storey & Dickinson (5, QDPC, 2 ANIC); Tully Falls S. F., 11km SSW Ravenshoe, 900m, 1.x.1987 – 25.v.1988, 15.xi–7.xii.1988, MDPI Flight Intercept Trap Site No. 29B, Storey & Dickinson (6 QDPC, 2 ANIC); Tully Falls S. F. 16km SSW Ravenshoe, 730m, 1.x.1987 – 3.iii.1988, MDPI Flight Intercept Trap Site No. 29C, Storey & Dickinson (8 QDPC) ; Windsor Tableland , 35km NNW of Mt. Carbine, 1050m, 25–26.iv.1993, Pyrethrum knockdown, Monteith, Yeates, Cook (1, QMB) ; Windsor Tableland , site 6, 27.xii.1988 – 9.i.1999, flt. Intercept, E. Schmidt & ANZSES (1, QMB) ; Windsor Tableland, via Mt. Carbine, MDPI Intercept Trap Site No. 14a, 15, 23.xii.1983 – 24.i.1984, Storey & Halfpapp (5, QDPC) ; Wongabel S. F., 6km S of Atherton, MDPI Intercept Trap Site No. 19, 10.xi–1.xii.1983, Storey & Brown (2, QDPC) ; Indonesia: Irian Jaya, Asori, Nabire area, road Nabire- Ilage (03°29’517”S, 135°43’913”E), 750m, x.1997, M. Balke (19, NME, ZIN) ; Irian Jaya: Jayawijaya, Taramiu , 1500–1700 m, 6.9.1994, A. Reidel (24, SMNS, ZIN) ; Irian Jaya, Testaga , 1100–1300 m, 30.iii–2.iv.1993, A. Riedel (1, SMNS) .

Distribution. Indonesia (Irian Jaya, Aru Islands), Papua New Guinea, Australia (Northern NSW to northern QLD).

Biology. The vast majority of Australian specimens have been collected in flight intercept traps and only one individual was found associated with a Ganoderma applanatum (Persoon) Patouillard (Basidiomycetes: Ganodermataceae ). The gut of one dissected specimen from northern NSW contained fungal spores only.

Figures

FIGURES 1–11. Habitus: 1–6, dorsal: 1, Camptodes aff. humeralis (Brullé), bicoloured (5.0 mm); 2, Cyllodes ruficeps (Reitter) (3.1 mm); 3, Camptodes aff. humeralis (Brullé), unicoloured (5.2 mm); 4, Coxollodes loriai (Grouvelle) (1.9 mm); 5, Cyllopallodes limbatus (Reitter) (2.9 mm); 6, Gymnocychramus politus Lea (5.0 mm). 7–11, lateral: 7, Camptodes aff. humeralis (Brullé), bicoloured; 8, same, unicoloured; 9, Cyllopallodes limbatus (Reitter); 10, Cyllodes ruficeps (Reitter); 11, Coxollodes loriai (Grouvelle). Fig. 10 from Lawrence & Ślipiński (2013). All figures © CSIRO, Australia.

FIGURES 24–42. Tegmina, ventral and penises, dorsal, with tegminal strut and penile strut deleted: 24–25, Camptodes aff. humeralis (Brullé): 24, tegmen; 25, penis; 26–27, Coxollodes loriai (Grouvelle): 26, tegmen; 27, penis; 28–29, Cyllodes ruficeps (Reitter): 28, tegmen; 29, penis; 30–31, Cyllopallodes limbatus (Reitter): 30, tegmen; 31, penis; 32–34, Gymnocychramus bicolor sp. nov.: 32, tegmen; 33, penis; 34, endophallus; 35–36, Gymnocychramus politus Lea: 35, tegmen; 36 penis, showing endophallus; 37–38, Macleayania amphotiformis (Reitter): 37, tegmen; 38, penis; 39–40, Pallodes beccarii Grouvelle: 39, tegmen; 40, penis; 41–42, Pallodes nigroapicalis sp. nov.: 41, tegmen; 42, penis. All figures © Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg.

FIGURES 43–49. Ovipositors, ventral: 43, Coxollodes loriai (Grouvelle); 44, Cyllodes ruficeps (Reitter); 45, Cyllopallodes limbatus (Reitter); 46. Gymnocychramus bicolor sp. nov.; 47, Gymnocychramus politus Lea; 48, Pallodes beccarii Grouvelle; 49, Pallodes nigroapicalis sp. nov.

FIGURES 50–58. Various structures: 50–51, junction of mesoventrite and metaventrite: 50, Cyllodes ruficeps (Reitter), showing large metathoracic lobes; 51, Cyllopallodes limbicollis (Reitter), showing small mesothoracic lobes (arrow); 52, Coxollodes loriai (Grouvelle), mesoventrite, showing large procoxal rests separated by pair of diverging carinae; 53, Pallodes nigroapicalis sp. nov., mesoventrite showing short median carina and lack of procoxal rests (arrow points to curved line connecting mesocoxal cavities); 54, P. nigroapicalis, anterolateral portion of metaventrite, showing postcoxal line and axillary space; 55, Cyllodes ruficeps (Reitter), base of tegmen, showing highly reduced, broadly rounded strut; 56–58, mesotibial apex: 56, Coxollodes loriai; 57, Pallodes nigroapicalis; 58, Pallodes beccarii (Grouvelle). Figs 43–49 © Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Figs 50–58 © CSIRO, Australia.