Mimachlamys sanguinea ( Linnaeus, 1758 )

Dijkstra, Henk H. & Beu, Alan G., 2018, Living Scallops of Australia and Adjacent Waters (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pectinoidea: Propeamussiidae, Cyclochlamydidae and Pectinidae), Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 70 (2), pp. 113-330 : 289-291

Mimachlamys sanguinea ( Linnaeus, 1758)

Figs 94, 95A,C, 96D

Ostrea sanguinea Linnaeus, 1758:698 , no.167; Dijkstra, 1999: 413, figs 4A–B [lectotype]; Dijkstra, 2016: 116, fig. 19.

Ostrea senatoria Gmelin, 1791: 3327 , no. 61 (based on Chemnitz, 1784: 320, pl. 65, fig. 617).

Ostrea porphyrea Gmelin, 1791: 3328 , no. 65 (based on Chemnitz, 1784: 330, pl. 66, fig. 632).

Pecten aurantius Lamarck, 1819: 175 , no. 45.

Pecten florens Lamarck, 1819: 175 , no. 46.

Pecten indicus Deshayes, 1832b: 410 , pl. 3, fig. 5.

Pecten pseudolima G. B. Sowerby II, 1842: 78 , pl. 20, fig. 235.

Pecten layardi Reeve, 1853 : sp. 80, pl. 21, figs 80a–b.

Pecten fricatus Reeve, 1853 : sp. 161, pl. 34, fig. 161.

Pecten blandus Reeve, 1853 : sp. 162, pl. 34, figs 162a–b.

Pecten raffrayi Jousseaume, 1886: 221 , fig.

Mimachlamys ellochena Iredale, 1939: 349 , pl. 5, fig. 24.

Chlamys (Mimachlamys) asperrimoides Powell, 1958: 70 , pl. 11, figs 3–4, text-fig. 3.

Mimachlamys blanda (Reeve) .–Iredale & McMichael, 1962, p. 11.

Chlamys senatoria (Gmelin) .–Barnard, 1964: 430; Abbott & Dance, 1982:309, fig; Dijkstra,1990a:9, 11; Dharma, 1992: 84, pl. 20, figs 3–3a; Oliver, 1992: 74, pl. 13, figs 1a–b.

Chlamys (Mimachlamys) senatoria (Gmelin) .–Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 329, pl. 93, fig. 19; Rombouts, 1991: 30 (in part), pl. 11, figs 6–6a; Dharma, 2005: 248, 364, pl. 99, figs 2a–d; pl. 147, fig. 2.

Mimachlamys senatoria (Gmelin) .–Dijkstra et al., 1989: 24; Dijkstra, 1990: 6, figs; Dijkstra, 1991: 34; Lamprell & Whitehead, 1992: [24], pl. 10, fig. 56; Dijkstra, (1983– 1994) 1993: 12, figs 1–5; Dijkstra & Marshall, 1997: 101,

Figure 94. Distribution of Mimachlamys sanguinea (Linnaeus) (circles), M. scabricostata (G. B. Sowerby III) (stars) and M. spinicostata sp. nov. (triangles).

pl. 9, figs 1–4; Dijkstra & Knudsen, 1998: 83, pl. 4, fig. 16; Dijkstra, 1998a: 42; Hayami, 2000: 903, pl. 448, fig. 24; Wang, 2002: 188; Xu & Zhang, 2008: 83, fig. 230.

Mimachlamys asperrimoides (Powell) .–Lamprell & Whitehead, 1992: [24], pl. 10, fig. 57.

Mimachlamys sanguinea (Linnaeus) .–Dijkstra & Kilburn, 2001: 305, figs 44–45; Raines & Poppe, 2006: 274–275, upper figs; pl. 221, figs 1–5; pl. 222, figs 1–5; pl. 223, figs 1–5; pl. 224, figs 1–8; Dijkstra & Marshall, 2008: 70, figs 55C, F, 58; Spencer et al., 2009: 198; Huber, 2010: 211; Raines, 2010: 642, pl. 1012, figs 1–5; Dijkstra, 2013: 96, pl. 24, figs 2a–d, pl. 32, figs 4a–b.

Note on synonymy. Synonyms were established by Dijkstra & Marshall (1997: 101). For references cited by Linnaeus (1758: 698) see Dijkstra (1999: 413).

Type data. Ostrea sanguinea Linnaeus : lectotype (lv) LSL designated by Dijkstra (1999: 414), 3 paralectotypes (2 rv LSL, 1 lv MSNP). Type locality: “Habitat in O. australiore”. Restricted by Dijkstra (1999: 414) to the MalukuArchipelago [Moluccas], Indonesia.

Ostrea senatoria Gmelin : lectotype (pr) ZMUC BIV-45, designated by Dijkstra & Marshall (1997: 102). Type locality: “Oceano indico” [Indian Ocean].

Ostrea porphyrea Gmelin : lectotype (lv) ZMUC BIV-46, designated by Dijkstra & Marshall (1997: 102). Type locality: “ Mari rubro” [Red Sea].

Pecten aurantius Lamarck : lectotype (pr) MNHN Moll 21191, designated by Dijkstra (1994: 489). Type locality: “l’Océan indien?”

Pecten florens Lamarck : holotype (pr) MHNG1088/70. Type locality: “l’Océan indien?”

Pecten indicus Deshayes : type material not seen (repository unknown; not in MNHN or Université Lyon-1).

Pecten pseudolima Sowerby : three syntypes (pr) NHMUK 1950.11.14.54–56. Type locality: Philippine Islands , Bohol, Jacna .

Pecten layardi Reeve : six syntypes (pr) NHMUK1994 . 162. Type locality: “Ceylon” [ Sri Lanka]; 3 syntypes (pr) ZMB Moll.114.611 (pr), 114.612 (2 pr), labelled “Ceylon/ H. Cuming ” (Dijkstra & Köhler, 2008: 37, fig. 2f).

Pecten fricatus Reeve : holotype (pr) NHMUK1994.161 .

Figure 95. A, C, Mimachlamys sanguinea (Linnaeus) , rv only, AM C.131702, 6– 7 miles E of Keeper Reef, off Townsville, GBR, QLD, 43 m; rv interior (A), rv exterior (C). B, F, Mimachlamys scabricostata (G. B. Sowerby III) , pair, AM C.303775, off Carnarvon, WA, 12–20 m; lv exterior (B), rv interior (F). D, E, G, Mimachlamys spinicostata sp. nov., 2 pairs; (D, G) holotype, AM C.073505, Shark Bay, WA, 26°07'S 113°25'E; rv interior (D), lv interior (G); (E) paratype, AM C.476729, in same sample as holotype; rv exterior (E). Scale bars represent 20 mm (A, C), 30 mm (B, D–G).

Type locality: Unknown.

Pecten blandus Reeve : five syntypes (pr) NHMUK1950 . 11.14.13–17. Type locality: Australia [Iredale & McMichael (1962: 11) stated that this was from “ Port Jackson ”, but this locality was not stated by Reeve].

Pecten raffrayi Jousseaume : holotype (pr) MNHN Moll 21187. Type locality: Zanzibar.

Mimachlamys ellochena Iredale : holotype (rv) AM C.119511. Type locality: Australia, QLD, off Shaw Islands , Whitsunday Group, 37 m (Great Barrier Reef Expedition stn 17).

Chlamys (Mimachlamys) asperrimoides Powell : holotype (pr) AIM TM.1235. Type locality: South of Norfolk Island ( Australia), 82–91 m, from cable.

Additional material examined. — AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: off Cardwell,GBR, 18°23.993' S 147°05.923'E,dead, 50 m (1 v,C.337118);off Townsville, 6-7 ml E of Keeper Reef, 18°45'S 147°23' E, dead, 43 m (5 v, C.131702); N of Mackay, off Shaw Island, 20°29'S 149°05' E, dead, 37 m (1 v, C.119511); Swain Reefs, 3 km NE of W side of Bylund (Gillett) Cay, 21°42'S 152°26' E, dead, 64–73 m (4 v, C.337121). — EGYPT:Red Sea,off Hurghada,alive, 15–20 m (5 pr, ZMA Moll.143590). DJIBOUTI: Gulf of Aden, alive, 15–30 m (5 pr, ZMA Moll.143591).ARABIAN GULF: Bahrain, Al Manamah, 26°12'N 50°38' E,dead,beach (1 v,C.121228). INDIA:off Madras,alive, 30–40 m (1 pr, ZMA Moll.148200). MASCARENE ISLANDS : Cargados Islands , 16°00'S 60°00' E, dead (6 v, C.119452). MOZAMBIQUE: off Bazaruto, alive, 20 m (3 pr, ZMA Moll.145863). — THAILAND: Andaman Sea, Ko Payang, alive, c. 25 m (2 pr, ZMA Moll.143666); S Phuket Island, between Cape Ca and Ko Bon, alive, 10–15 m (1 pr, ZMA Moll.142886). — CHINA: S China Sea, off Hainan, alive, 34 m (1 pr, ZMA Moll.139571). — PHILIPPINE ISLANDS : Cebu, off Bantayan, alive, 20–30 m (4 pr, ZMA Moll.144195); Davao, Samal Island, Matanos, alive, c. 30 m (9 pr, ZMA Moll.145526); Mindanao, Davao Gulf,Talikud Island, alive, 20–28 m (16 pr, ZMA Moll.144474). — INDONESIA: Moluccas, off Ambon, alive, 26 m (1 pr, ZMA Moll.142857); S Kalimantan, off Sampit, alive, c. 40 m (1pr, ZMA Moll.143730); Kei Islands ,alive, 30–34 m (4 pr, ZMA Moll.142892).— MALAYSIA:S of Singapore,alive, 55 m (1 pr, ZMA Moll.140095). — NEW CALEDONIA: Noumea, 22°16'S 166°27'E, dead (2 v, C.004334); Noumea, Magenta, Magenta Beach, 22°16'S 166°29'E, dead (5 v, C.080153); Noumea, Ile Ste. Marie, 22°18'S 166°29' E, dead (1 pr, C.363449). NORFOLK ISLAND: off Duncombe Bay, 29°0'S 167°56' E, dead, 31 m (many v, C.130122); Anson Bay, 29°01'S 167°55'E, dead (4 v, C.070473); 29°02'S 167°57'E, dead (18 v, C.059451;1 v,C.059878).TASMAN SEA:Lord Howe Island,Point Howe, N tip, 28°59.8'S 167°55.3' E, alive, 12–15 m (2 v, C.363446; 2 pr, C.363447); NE side of Lord Howe Island, 31°51.7'S 159°08.3' E, dead, 27.5 m (1 v, C.160967); 29°02'S 167°57'E,alive, 91–107 m (2 pr,C.363448);Slaughter Bay, 29°03.9'S 167°56.7'E,dead (2 v,C.363445);Lord Howe Rise, 30°25.5'S 159°05.6' E,dead, 49–51 m (2 v,C.363439); 31°33'S 159°05'E, dead (5 v, C.363440); Lord Howe Rise, 31°34.9' S 159°0.3'E, alive, 73 m (5 v, C.363436); 31°37.1'S 159°13'E, dead, 51–55 m (3 v, C.363438); 31°38.2'S 159°03.6' E,dead, 44 m (4 v,C.363437).KERMADEC ISLANDS (Dijkstra &Marshall, 2008:70):off Raoul Island, 29°13.0'S 177°52.4' W, 610 m (1 v, NIWA K829); 29°13.1'S 177°53.5'W, 472 m (fragment, NIWA T225).

Description. Shell up to 105 mm high, most specimens smaller, to c. 70 mm, moderately inflated, left valve slightly more convex than right, circular to more dorsoventrally elongate, equivalve, almost equilateral, anterior auricles much larger and longer than posterior ones, umbonal angle c. 85–90°; colour polychromatic, cream, yellowish, orange, reddish, brown, purple to violet, with pale radial streaks and mottles.

Both valves sculptured with 20–24 evenly spaced radial plicae with small, somewhat tripartite scales, each plica flanked by a secondary spinous radial riblet on each side.Antimarginal microsculpture in interspaces.Auricles with c. 10 delicate scaly radial riblets, c. 6 coarser ones on anterior auricle of right valve. Dorsal margin straight. Byssal notch moderately deep, byssal fasciole rather broad. Funtional ctenolium well-developed, with 5–7 teeth. Interior weakly furrowed to smooth, internal rib carinae prominent in narrow zone aorund ventral margin. Resilial and dorsal teeth prominent.

Dimensions. Illustrated specimen: QLD, GBR, 6–7 miles E of Keeper Reef, off Townsville, 43 m (AM C.131702), rv only: H 37.5, L 33.6 mm. Iredale (1939: 349) stated the dimensions of the holotype of Mimachlamys ellochena (rv) as H 33, L 30 mm.

Habitat. Living in the littoral to bathyal zones, most specimens byssally attached to corals or rocks or amongst coral rubble on soft sediment (sand or muddy sand).

Distribution. Throughout the (sub)tropical Indo-West Pacific, from southern Japan southwards to northeastern Australia, Kermadec Islands (Dijkstra & Marshall, 2008: 70), westwards into the Indian Ocean to northern South Africa, and eastwards to the central Pacific (not recorded from the Hawaiian Islands or French Polynesia) (Raines & Poppe, 2006: 274); Red Sea to the Philippines, 0–50 m (Huber, 2010: 211); Mozambique, intertidal one to 30 m, South Africa, 10–48 m (Dijkstra & Kilburn, 2001: 306); Red Sea, 9–55 m (as Mimachlamys senatoria ; Dijkstra & Knudsen, 1998: 85); Philippines, 3–55 m ( Raines, 2010: 642; Dijkstra, 2013: 97); Indonesia, 50–57 m (as M. senatoria ; Dijkstra, 1991: 34); Papua New Guinea, 10-20 m (as M. senatoria ; Dijkstra, 1998a: 42); Lord Howe Island, 57–85 m, Norfolk Island, 33–71 m, Kermadec Islands , 472–610 m, dead (as M. senatoria ; Dijkstra & Marshall, 1997: 102–104). Maximum depth range of live-taken specimens is from the intertidal zone to 107 m. Present specimens from Queensland only dead at 37– 73 m.

Remarks. Many names have been used in the literature for this highly polymorphic and polychromatic, widely distributed Indo-West Pacific species, and it has often been confused with other superficially similar congeneric species (Dijkstra & Marhall, 1997: 101; Dijkstra & Kilburn, 2001: 307). Shells are often covered with a variety of sponges (Dijkstra, 1993: 12). In contrast to other Mimachlamys species fromAustralia, this species is rare and not often found alive.