Dynastinae

Allsopp, Peter G. & Hutchinson, Paul M., 2023, Philcarneum new genus and Constricticollis new genus, two distinctive rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from opposite sides of Australia with a revised key to the Australian dynastine genera, Zootaxa 5351 (3), pp. 322-340 : 334-339

Key to genera of Australian Dynastinae

This key is modified from Weir et al. (2019), and incorporates Erbmahcedius ( Hutchinson & Allsopp 2021) , the two genera described here and Semanopterus kingstoni Reid & Tees, 2023 from Lord Howe Island ( Reid & Tees 2023). The presence of elytral horns in Nephrodopus enigma Sharp, 1873 was previously discounted as a generic character ( Hutchinson & Allsopp 2019).

1 Mentum dilated, concealing at least bases of labial palps and usually most of maxillae and labium … Phileurini.......... 2

- Mentum normal, more-or-less narrow, not concealing bases of maxillary palps.................................... 3

2 Mandibles produced beyond clypeus, which is apically narrowed; mentum not concealing maxillae ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.2) and not produced at suture with submentum; antennal scape not expanded and wedge-like, not concealing funicular antennomeres; black, 20–29 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 56C); northern Queensland, Christmas Island............................................................................. Phileurina: Eophileurus Arrow, 1908

- Mandibles not visible beyond clypeus, which is broadly rounded or truncate at apex; mentum greatly enlarged, concealing all mouthparts ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.3), and produced and often notched at suture with submentum; antennal scape apically dilated and wedge-like, concealing all funicular segments; brown-black, red-brown, shiny dark brownish black or black, 11–27 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 52K); New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, Lord Howe Island............................... Cryptodina: Cryptodus MacLeay, 1819

3 Apex of metatibia scalloped ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.4) or with longer or shorter fixed teeth, never with cilia............ 4

- Apex edge of metatibia truncate or very slightly produced, almost always with at least a few (Oryctoderini) or many cilia or cilia lacking ( Philcarneum , Temnorhynchus )................................................................ 6

4 Propygidium enlarged and bearing transverse stridulating ridges ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.5); apical pygidial ridge setose; metatarsomere 1 produced apically ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.6); sexual dimorphism of armature, slight, head with median horn in both sexes; black, 33–63 mm long; dorsum ( Allsopp & Hutchinson 2019: figs. 14–15); Northern Territory, Queensland, Cocos-Keeling Islands.......................................................... Oryctini: Oryctes Illiger, 1798

- Propygidium not enlarged, without stridulating ridges; apical pygidial ridge glabrous; metatarsomere 1 not produced apically; sexual dimorphism of armature great, head in female at most with tubercle … Dynastini............................. 5

5 Meso- and metatibiae with apices obtusely scalloped and intermediate and basal carinae non-ciliate ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.7); clypeal apex bituberculate; mandibles strongly bidentate ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.8); male with bifid cephalic horn and median pronotal process; metatibial spurs extremely short; female with dorsal surfaces conspicuously punctate and head with traces of cephalic tubercles; black, 29–66 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plates 53H, 56G; Allsopp & Hutchinson 2019: fig. 19); New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland .......................................... Xylotrupes Hope, 1837

- Meso- and metatibiae with apices strongly bispinose and intermediate and basal carinae ciliate ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.9); clypeal apex truncate or rounded; mandibles untoothed ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.10); metatibial spurs elongate in both sexes; deep brown to black, 26–56 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plates 53G, 55L); New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia ..................................................... Haploscapanes Arrow, 1908

6 Head and pronotum unarmed in both sexes, the latter simply convex; ratio of head width across eyes to interocular space at eye canthus greater than 1.7:1 ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.11); mandibles extending beyond clypeus, outer sides straight and apically upturned; male protarsi thickened, with large asymmetrical claws, protarsomere 5 as long as 1–4 combined; metatibia not greatly enlarged, with slender, sharp spurs in male and short blunt spurs in female; propygidium without stridulatory area; light brownish yellow, shiny, pronotum and elytra with symmetrical and sometimes vaguely indicated dark brown markings, 12–15 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 55K; Allsopp & Hutchinson 2019: fig. 1); Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia ..................................... Cyclocephalini: Cyclocephala Dejean, 1821

- Head and pronotum with more-or-less distinct frontoclypeal suture, tubercles, horns, impressions, or hollows; if unarmed or armature not obvious, then ratio of head width across eyes to interocular space at eye canthus less than 1.4:1; and either propygidium with stridulating area ( Heteronychus ) or elytral striae very obvious ( Neocorynophyllus , Adoryphorus , Anomalomorpha , Erbmahcedius ) or sides of clypeus deeply emarginate before ocular canthi ( Oryctoderus ); mandibles various; male protarsi thickened with asymmetrical claws or not; propygidium with or without stridulatory area; colour more or less uniform, brown to black, without pronotal and elytral colour pattern, sometimes bicoloured; length often greater than 15 mm ................................................................................................... 7

7 Meso- and metatibial apices either with slight median projection separating cilia from spurs ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.12) or with lateral projection and few cilia ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.13); head with 1 or 2 tubercles or if without, then sides of clypeus deeply emarginate in front of ocular canthi; pronotum simply convex or with small depression and tubercle; elytra impunctate or with random punctation; propygidium without stridulatory area … Oryctoderini................................. 8

- Meso- and metatibial apices truncate or only slightly produced, cilia continuous with spurs or rarely entirely absent ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.14); head and pronotum with more-or-less distinct frontoclypeal suture, tubercles, horns, impressions or hollows; if unarmed or armature not obvious then either propygidium with stridulating area or elytral striae very obvious; propygidium with or without stridulating area … Pentodontini........................................................... 10

8 Clypeus with 2 distinct teeth; head with 2 low tubercles; meso- and metatibial apices with a lateral projection and only a few cilia ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.13); elytra with random ocellate punctures; red-brown, 20–23 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plare 59C; Allsopp & Hutchinson 2019: fig. 16); Queensland ............................... Onychionyx Arrow, 1914

- Clypeus rounded and truncate, with or without slight emargination; head with single tubercle or without tubercle; meso- and metatibial apices with slight median projection separating cilia from spurs ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.12); elytra impunctate or with some horseshoe shaped punctures.................................................................... 9

9 Clypeus deeply emarginate in front of ocular canthi, that of male deeply impressed; frons of male without tubercle; that of female with frontal tubercle feebly developed or not; pronotum without pit or tubercle in either sex; male protarsi thickened; elytra impunctate, smooth; dark brown-red, 33–40 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plates 54L, 56A; Allsopp & Hutchinson 2019: fig. 17); Queensland ....................................................... Oryctoderus Boisduval, 1835

- Clypeus not emarginate in front of ocular canthi; frons in both sexes with tubercle; pronotum in both sexes with tubercle and in males with small but distinct impression; male protarsi not thickened; elytra somewhat randomly punctate, with some horseshoeshaped punctures; black or pitch brown, venter red, 28–33 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 54A); Queensland ................................................................................. Oryctoderinus Endrődi, 1978

10 Protibia bidentate, apical tooth elongate ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.15); antennae with 9 antennomeres, club scarcely longer in male than in female; mentum not compressed; pronotum and elytra conspicuously punctate; legs very short and stout; metafemora bisulcate ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.14); black, 8–12 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 54P); Western Australia ............................................................. Pseudoryctina: Neocnecus Sharp, 1878

- Protibia tridentate, or if occasionally bidentate (some Adoryphorus , Cheiroplatys , Philcarneum ), then apical tooth broadly rounded and poorly separated from second tooth; antennae with 9 or 10 antennomeres, with club of various lengths; mentum compressed or not; other characters variable............................................................... 11

11 Mentum and ligula compressed to form thin vertical lamina divided by ligular suture; apical maxillary palpomere remarkably enlarged and specialised ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.16); pronotum of males with anterior horn and pair of lateral horns or tubercles, with an excavation extending to base; pronotum of females evenly rounded, without horns or tubercles; scutellum very large; metathoracic legs stout, the metafemora unisulcate; yellow, reddish-brown or black species, often bicoloured, 12–16 mm long; dorsum ( Hutchinson & Allsopp 2019: figs. 4, 9, 14, 20, 25, 31); Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia ................................................................... Pseudoryctina: Nephrodopus Sharp, 1873

- Mentum flat or strongly compressed but not produced to form vertical lamina; apical maxillary palpomere not enlarged; pronotum various.................................................................................... 12

12 Meso- and metatibial apices without cilia, glabrous......................................................... 13

- Meso- and metatibial apices with numerous cilia, continuous with spurs......................................... 14

13 Head plate-like, flattened, more-or-less vertical and coarsely, somewhat rugosely punctate ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.17); front of clypeus straight with a small tubercle at either side; mandibles visible in front of clypeus; red-brown, 10–20 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 54H; Allsopp & Hutchinson 2019: fig. 12); New South Wales, Western Australia ............................................................................ Pentodontina: Temnorhynchus Hope, 1837

- Head not plate-like, not vertical, with concentric sculpturing, impunctate ( Fig. 4 ); front of clypeus rounded, indented medially, without tubercles; mandibles concealed by clypeus; dorsum ( Fig. 1 ; Allsopp & Hutchinson 2019: fig. 13); brown with black markings, 13–14 mm long; New South Wales .............. Cheiroplatina: Philcarneum Allsopp & Hutchinson new genus

14 Propygidium enlarged, its posterior edge convex and its disc covered with numerous fine transverse stridulating ridges ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.18); head plate-like, vertical and smooth, forming a horn in males ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.19); apical labial palpomere globular; glossy reddish brown to reddish black, 12–32 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 55D); New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia ........................... Dipelicina: Dipelicus Hope, 1845

- Propygidium not enlarged, with or without stridulating ridges; if ridges present, then these are either scattered or form a pair of paramedian bands; head without vertical plate; apical labial palpomere cylindrical................................. 15

15 Galeae reduced to small conical or pyramidal pieces, not toothed; mandibles frequently incapable of apposition, usually exposed beyond clypeus; mentum moderately to highly compressed; clypeus often with a deep, apical, truncate face; males and females sexually dimorphic with regard to the antennal club; male antennal club enlarged and antennomeres leaf-like and flattened, longer than shaft; female antennal club (where known) shorter than shaft; male head and pronotum often with bizarre armature; female head and pronotum (where known) unarmed; females either represented in collections by few specimens or unknown; only males can be successfully keyed out in couplets 16–26 … Pseudoryctina (part)............................... 16

- Galeae usually strongly developed; mandibles functional, sometimes concealed beneath clypeus; mentum not appreciably compressed; clypeus without a deep, apical, truncate face (except in Dasygnathus and Neodasygnathus ); males and females not sexually dimorphic with regard to the antennal club; antennal club subequal in both sexes, not enlarged as above, antennomeres not as flattened, shorter than or equal in length to shaft, usually shorter than funicle; male and female pronotum similar or different; females and males more-or-less equally represented in collections; combined male and female characters used from couplet 27.......................................................................................... 27

16 Frontoclypeal suture absent; clypeus only slightly narrowed anteriorly, with thickened bead all around; setae on mentum very long, dense and extending well past front edge of clypeus; antennal lamellae widest near apex; male protarsal claws asymmetrical; black, 14 mm long; female unknown; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 54G); Queensland ............................................................................................. Neocorynophyllus Carne, 1985

- Frontoclypeal suture usually well developed, often giving rise to tubercles or horns of various sizes; if suture weak or not evident then clypeus narrowed to reflexed apex; setae on mentum shorter; antennal lamellae usually widest at middle; male claws symmetrical................................................................................... 17

17 Clypeus deflexed ventrad, either evenly curved or abruptly declivous, not from clypeofrontal suture, but from a ridge joining antennal angles, and narrowed distally, sides sinuate to very narrow anterior face that is distinctly upturned; frontoclypeal suture subobsolete; apical pygidial ridge glabrous; pronotum with basal ridge continuous and with anteromedian tubercle and impression; dorsal surface conspicuously punctate; black, 13–19 mm long; dorsum ( Hutchinson & Allsopp 2020: figs. 1, 3, 11, 19, 21, 30, 32, 41, 43, 53; Weir et al. 2019: plate 54O); Western Australia ...................... Epironastes Carne, 1957

- Clypeus subrectangular, rounded or slightly narrowed, only rarely apically reflexed; with carinate or raised frontoclypeal suture, median tubercle or horn; other characters variable.......................................................... 18

18 Head with raised or carinate frontoclypeal suture, median tubercle or small to medium horn; if with horn then pronotum with anteromedial tubercle and impression not extending to posterior edge and not limited by an elevated transverse ridge..... 19

- Head armed with a conspicuous horn; pronotum with either a major excavation extending to posterior edge or an excavation limited by a sharp elevated transverse ridge or sharp elevations................................................ 25

19 Head with carinate frontoclypeal suture only............................................................... 20

- Head with raised frontoclypeal suture, median tubercle or small to medium horn.................................. 26

20 Anterior edge of pronotum narrowly membranous, at least on either side median third (where this is occupied by a horn-like process), as well as bearing a fringe of setae............................................................... 21

- Anterior edge of pronotum entirely sclerotised, only with fringe of setae......................................... 23

21 Mandibles concealed beneath clypeus, the latter with sides convex; antennal club not much longer than funicle; legs moderately stout; metatibia contracted subapically; frontoclypeal ridge transverse, elevated; dorsal surfaces shiny and impunctate; pronotum with small, anteromedian tubercle and shallow depression; sutural stria linear; black, ~ 14 mm long; female unknown; male head and pronotum, dorsum ( Dechambre 2005: p. 67); South Australia ....................... Orthocavonus Carne, 1957

- Mandibles exposed beyond clypeus; antennal club much longer than funicle; other characters variable................. 22

22 Clypeus with sides rounded or sinuately narrowed towards apex; if rounded then epipleural setae sparse, not extending on to apical third of elytra; antennal club not much longer than shaft, kidney shaped ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.20); mentum flat or compressed anteriorly, strongly reflexed ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.20); metatibia strongly contracted subapically; pronotum with anteromedian horn or tubercle and impression, sometimes bounded by lateral horns; black, 12–21 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 55C); New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia .............. Cavonus Sharp, 1875

- Clypeus rounded; antennal club much longer than shaft, its sides more-or-less subparallel; mentum highly compressed ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.21); metatibia evenly dilated from femoral articulation to distal edge; pronotum with small, rarely strongly elevated, anteromedian tubercle plus an impression, or with surface evenly convex; epipleural setae dense, extending or nearly extending to elytral apices; reddish-brown to black, 11–17 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 54F); New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia ............................. Teinogenys Sharp, 1873 (in part)

23 Maxillary palps short and inconspicuous, not much longer than labial palps; mandibles and labrum concealed; lateral pronotal horns irregular and turret-like; metatibia unicarinate; spurs straight and subequal in length; metatarsomere 1 strongly dilated and twice the length of metatarsomere 2; reddish brown, bicolored or black, 14–24 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 53F); New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia ................... Pseudoryctes Sharp, 1873

- Maxillary palps elongate, much longer than labial palps; mandibles and labrum more-or-less exposed; pronotum with simple, lateral horns or lateral elevated angles; metatibia bicarinate; metatarsomere 1 not dilated and equal in length to metatarsomere 2 ................................................................................................. 24

24 Antennal club very large, sinuate, bitexturous ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.22); pronotum with lateral elevated angles ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.22) and median third of basal edge strongly produced over scutellum; dark reddish brown, 16–17 mm long; female unknown; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 55H); Western Australia ..................... Pseudocavonus Blackburn, 1890

- Antennal club not strongly sinuate, unitexturous; pronotum with simple lateral horns and basal edge normally rounded; reddish brown, bicoloured or black, 12–27 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 55J); New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia ............................... Carneoryctes Özdikmen, 2009

25 Head with horn extending back over more than half of pronotum ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.23); pronotum with excavation not extending to posterior edge and bounded posteriorly by a sharp elevated transverse ridge or sharp elevations; basal area of pygidium glabrous; reddish brown, black or bicolored, 12–20 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 55G); New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria .................................... Corynophyllus Hope, 1845 (in part)

- Head with horn not or only just extending back over pronotum; pronotum with excavation extending to posterior edge and bounded laterally by blunt lateral elevations; basal area of pygidium markedly setose; black, 15–18 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plates 54N, 55A); Northern Territory, South Australia, Western Australia ......... Phylliocephala Blackburn, 1890

26 Clypeus evenly rounded with moderately deep, truncate face; frontoclypeal ridge transverse or posteriorly angulate, usually giving rise to median tubercle, which is in line with or behind anterior edge of eye; pronotum strongly transverse, nontuberculate, evenly convex or with slight, submarginal impression in front; antennal club with sides more-or-less subparallel; apical pygidial ridge glabrous; black or reddish brown, 11–17 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 54F); New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia ....................... Teinogenys Sharp, 1873 (in part)

- Clypeus elongate, narrowed anteriorly with truncate apex or if rarely evenly rounded then without truncate apical face; frontoclypeal ridge transverse, giving rise to median elevation, tubercle or distinct, sometimes bifurcate, horn all of which are in front of anterior edge of eye; antennal club greatly enlarged and of characteristic shape ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.24); pronotal margin with median tubercle or node; pronotum with anteromedian tubercle and impression; apical pygidial ridge setose; reddish brown, black or bicolored, 12–20 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 55G); New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria .......................................................... Corynophyllus Hope, 1845 (in part)

27 Mandibles either evenly rounded, slightly scalloped or straight sided, exposed beyond or beside clypeus or concealed; propygidium without a trace of stridulating ridges; last abdominal ventrite sometimes with well-defined transverse sulcus, especially in female … Cheiroplatina.................................................................... 27

- Mandibles almost always conspicuously sinuate, bidentate or tridentate and exposed beyond or beside clypeus; propygidium with either short, scattered stridulating ridges or a pair of paramedian stridulatory bands; last abdominal ventrite without transverse sulcus … Pentodontina....................................................................... 37

28 Clypeus (viewed dorsally) strongly contracted towards apex with sides concave; concave sides with characteristic vertical faces; mandibles somewhat straight-sided and exposed beyond or beside clypeus.................................. 29

- Clypeus (viewed dorsally) broadly triangular, subrectangular or trapezoidal, with sides straight; mandibles rounded or slightly scalloped, exposed beyond or beside clypeus or concealed.................................................... 30

29 Frontoclypeal suture posteriorly angulate, giving rise to triangular elevation or large horn in male; pronotum somewhat pentagonal, especially in female, its sides contracted towards anterolateral angles; anterior edge of pronotum membranous only across median third; pronotum in male with large impression or excavation and without anteromedian tubercle; antennae with 10 antennomeres; base of pygidium setose; aedeagus with simple parameres; reddish brown to reddish black, 16–25 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plates 55E, 55N); New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia ..................................................................... Novapus Sharp, 1875

- Frontoclypeal suture usually straight, rarely tuberculate; pronotum with sides more evenly curved towards anterolateral angles; anterior edge of pronotum wholly membranous; pronotum in male usually with anteromedian tubercle and small impression; antennae usually with 9 antennomeres (very rarely with 8 or 10); base of pygidium glabrous; aedeagus with complex parameres; dark reddish brown to black, 9–16 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 54D); New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia ................................................................ Trissodon Burmeister, 1847

30 Clypeus broadly triangular, sides straight; mandibles exposed beyond or beside clypeus or concealed; galea strongly developed and conspicuously toothed; palps short................................................................... 31

- Clypeus broadly subrectangular or trapezoidal, sides straight or rounded; mandibles usually concealed beneath clypeus (exposed at sides in some Neodasygnathus ); galea reduced, either weakly toothed or having only a small, conical process terminating in a pencil of setae; palps elongate or not.................................................................... 32

31 Head completely unarmed; clypeus with oblique, sometimes serrate, anterior edge; galea strongly toothed; mandibles concealed or slightly exposed at sides of clypeus; pronotum with anterior tubercle and (usually) deep impression in male; armature reduced but still discernible in most females; protibia with 3 or 2 blunt teeth; metatarsomere 1 widened, flattened and with distinct longitudinal carina externally; deep reddish brown to black, 15–28 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 55O); New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria ............................... Cheiroplatys Hope, 1837

- Head armed with low tubercle or small horn; clypeus with anterior edge slightly upturned, never oblique; galea weakly toothed; mandibles strongly exposed beyond clypeus; pronotum with anterior (usually) and posterior foveae (always) developed in both sexes, without anterior tubercle; protibia with 3 sharp teeth; metatarsomere 1 more rounded, not carinate externally; elytra sometimes costate; reddish black to black, 12–26 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 55I; Reid & Tees 2023: figs. 1–5, 7–10); New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia, Lord Howe Island................................................................................. Semanopterus Hope, 1847

32 Length 17–32 mm; head armed with tubercle or small horn on straight or recurved frontoclypeal suture; if tubercle hard to see or absent (some Dasygnathus ), then base of mentum deeply hollowed or cleft; pronotum sometimes with a submarginal groove; elytra never conspicuously guttered; galea weakly toothed; pronotum of male with excavation of various development, sometimes with anteromedian impression and tubercle in both sexes............................................ 33

- Length 9–21 mm; head either unarmed, or with small swelling on vertex ( Adoryphorus ), or with small tubercle on recurved frontoclypeal suture; if with small tubercle on recurved frontoclypeal suture then pronotum with a submarginal groove and elytra conspicuously guttered and epipleura horizontal in anterior half ( Anomalomorpha ); base of mentum never deeply cleft; galea with only a small conical process terminating in a pencil of setae; pronotum either evenly convex with micropunctate surface ( Adoryphorus , Anomalomorpha , Erbmahcedius ) or with small anterior tubercle and discernible punctures ( Enracius ). .................................................................................................. 34

33 Head with preocular armature of tubercle or small horn, always anterior to a line joining the front of the eyes; frontoclypeal suture straight; mandibles exposed at side of clypeus or not; base of mentum not hollowed or cleft; pronotum with anteromedian tubercle in both sexes; elytral punctation heavily impressed; size and development of male armature not exhibiting marked variation; reddish brown to pitch black, 20–32 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 55M); New South Wales, Tasmania .............................................................................. Neodasygnathus Carne, 1957

- Head with interocular armature; frontoclypeal suture recurved, giving rise to tubercle or small horn usually posterior to a line joining the front of the eyes; mandibles almost always concealed; base of mentum hollowed or deeply cleft ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.25); pronotum never with anteromedian tubercle, variously excavated, often bounded posteriorly by sharp points; elytral punctation lightly impressed; extremely variable in size and development of male armature; reddish brown to reddish black, 17–32 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 55B); New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria ........................................................................................ Dasygnathus MacLeay, 1819

34 Pronotum and elytra guttered with epipleura horizontal on anterior half; head with recurved frontoclypeal suture often terminating in a tubercle; males with all tarsi elongate, protarsomere 5 much longer than 1; claws enlarged, robust, slightly curved; dark brown or black with yellow legs, 11.5–20.8 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 54J; Hutchinson & Allsopp 2021: figs. 15, 19, 23, 28, 35); New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia .... Anomalomorpha Arrow, 1908

- Pronotum and elytra not guttered, epipleura vertical; head either unarmed or with small swelling on vertex; frontoclypeal suture straight; males with tarsi elongate or not, protarsomere 5 much longer than 1 or not; claws enlarged or not; southern Australia.................................................................................................. 35

35 Clypeus setose; pronotum with discernible punctures; male pronotum with small tubercle on anterior edge; head unarmed; frontoclypeal suture carinate; tarsi elongate in both male and female; male protarsomere 5 much longer than 1; claws enlarged and only slightly curved; brownish black, 13.5–21.0 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 54I; Hutchinson & Allsopp 2021: figs. 1, 5, 8); Western Australia ..................................................... Enracius Dechambre, 1999

- Clypeus glabrous; pronotum evenly convex with surface micropunctate; frontoclypeal suture carinate or not; male tarsi elongate or not; protarsomere 5 much longer than 1 or not; claws enlarged or not; brown to black, 9–17 mm long; eastern Australia... .................................................................................................. 36

36 Anterior edge of pronotum entirely, narrowly membranous; male with tarsi elongate, protarsomere 5 much longer than 1; claws enlarged, robust and only slightly curved; elytral striae vaguely impressed; female penultimate abdominal ventrite with row of setae removed from posterior edge; parameres with inner edges neither spinose not toothed; brown, 12–14 mm long; dorsum ( Hutchinson & Allsopp 2021: figs. 52, 58); New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria .................................................................................................... Erbmahcedius Hutchinson & Allsopp, 2021

- Anterior edge of pronotum with narrow membrane not extending to anterior angles; male tarsi not elongate, protarsomere 5 about as long as 1; claws not enlarged and more strongly curved; elytral striae more deeply impressed and distinctly punctate; female penultimate abdominal ventrite with row of setae close to posterior edge; parameres with inner edges spinose or toothed; brown to black, 9–17 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 54B; Hutchinson & Allsopp 2021: figs. 64–65); New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria ................................ Adoryphorus Blackburn, 1889

37 Protibiae with 3 main teeth and smaller basal tooth or with 3 main teeth and denticles between second and third tooth and behind third tooth; male protarsomere 5 enlarged with asymmetrical claws; black................................. 38

- Protibiae clearly with only 3 teeth externally; male protarsomere 5 enlarged or not and claws symmetrical or not; light brown, reddish brown, reddish black or black.................................................................... 40

38 Propygidium with 2 well defined fine stridulatory bands; head unarmed; pygidium impunctate and highly convex, more so in female; pronotum evenly convex; black, 9–15 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 53K; Allsopp & Hutchinson 2019: fig. 2); New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia, Norfolk Island, Lord Howe Island.................................................................................... Heteronychus Burmeister, 1847

- Propygidium with dispersed stridulatory ridges, not forming well-defined bands; head armed with either 1 or 2 tubercles or horns; pygidium variously punctuate and less convex; pronotum either evenly convex or with a depression anteriorly..... 39

39 Head armed with 2 tubercles or horns; pronotum evenly convex; clypeus narrowed and truncate anteriorly with 2 small, upturned teeth; black, 12–22 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plates 54K, 59I); New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Lord Howe Island.................................................................... Metanastes Arrow, 1911 (in part)

- Head armed with a horn (male) or median tubercle (female); pronotum with anterior rugose depression, bounded posteriorly by a tubercle in both sexes; clypeus more broadly truncate anteriorly with both anterior angles bearing a sharp tooth; larger black, 22–28 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 53I; Allsopp & Hutchinson 2019: fig. 9); Queensland .................................................................................................... Papuana Arrow, 1911

40 Females with anterior and posterior margins of the pronotum conspicuously concave ( Figs. 11 , 20 ); males unknown; head dark brown, pronotum brown, elytra brown with apical half dark brown, 15 mm long; northern Western Australia ......................................................................... Constricticollis Hutchinson & Allsopp , new genus Females with anterior and posterior margins convex or almost straight.......................................... 41

41 Centre of apical truncate faces of meso- and metatibiae densely ciliate ( Carne 1957: fig. 9); frontoclypeal suture strongly marked, posteriorly angulate, and giving rise to a median tubercle; clypeus narrowed to a slightly upturned apex, sides concave; mandibles conspicuously broadly bidentate; pronotum unarmed, evenly convex; male protarsal claws asymmetrical; reddish brown to reddish yellow with little or no elytral punctation, 15–20 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 55F); Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia ............................................ Hyphoryctes Blackburn, 1895

- Centre of apical truncate faces of meso- and metatibiae glabrous; frontoclypeal suture straight or obscurely recurved with 1 or 2 low tubercles or a horn; clypeus various; mandibles bidentate or tridentate; pronotum either unarmed or with a depression and/or tubercle anteriorly; male protarsal claws asymmetrical or not; reddish brown, reddish black or black............. 42

42 Mandibles bidentate with inner apical tooth much narrower than outer one ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.27); pronotum either completely unarmed or with a major excavation bounded posteriorly by a ridge (one species); frontoclypeal suture obscure, somewhat recurved, giving rise to an obtuse median swelling, tubercles or horn; clypeus more-or-less rounded, apex obliquely truncate with lower portion of truncate face slightly produced beyond upper sinuate edge; propygidium with dispersed stridulating ridges; reddish brown, highly convex, rather featureless, 12–26 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 59J); New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, Norfolk Island, Lord Howe Island.................................................................................. Pimelopus Erichson, 1842

- Mandibles variously tridentate; pronotum either completely unarmed or with anteromedian tubercle and impression; frontoclypeal suture straight, giving rise to 2 tubercles or none; clypeus narrowed to apex, which is either somewhat rounded or bears 2 small tubercles or teeth; propygidium with either dispersed stridulating ridges or ridges organised into short, coarse paramedian bands.................................................................................... 43

43 Pygidium evenly and heavily punctate and glabrous; clypeus somewhat rounded and slightly upturned at apex; protibiae with distal tooth somewhat elongate, basal tooth small; mandibles with inner apical tooth markedly produced; propygidium with dispersed stridulating ridges; black, 12–14 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 54C); Northern Territory, Queensland .................................................................................... Neonastes Carne, 1957

- Pygidium either impunctate or punctate and densely setose; clypeus with apex bearing 2 small tubercles or teeth; protibiae with teeth more evenly sized; mandibles with inner apical tooth not so produced; propygidium with either dispersed stridulating ridges or ridges organised into short, coarse paramedian bands................................................ 44

44 Propygidium with more-or-less well-defined, short, coarse stridulating bands (except C. laevicollis ); male pronotum armed with anteromedian tubercle and impression (except C. laevis ), female sometimes with slight tubercle or swelling; frontoclypeal suture carinate or bituberculate; clypeus apically with 2 small upturned tubercles or teeth; metatibial spurs more-or-less rounded apically, spatulate; prosternal process more-or-less rounded apically ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.28); if male propretarsal claws asymmetrical then protarsomere 5 not enlarged; reddish brown to reddish black, 10–17 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plate 54E); New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia, Cocos-Keeling Islands........................................................................ Carneodon Özdikmen, 2009

- Propygidium with only dispersed stridulating ridges; pronotum with vague tubercle in male, evenly convex in female; frontoclypeal suture bituberculate; clypeus apically with 2 small forwardly projecting teeth; metatibial spurs sharp; prosternal process expanded and flattened apically ( Weir et al. 2019: fig. 33.29); male propretarsal claws strongly asymmetrical and protarsomere 5 enlarged; black, 17–20 mm long; dorsum ( Weir et al. 2019: plates 54K, 59I); New South Wales, Queensland .......................................................................... Metanastes Arrow, 1911 (in part)

Figures

FIGURES 1–5. Philcarneum aenigma Allsopp & Hutchinson new genus, new species, holotype female: 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view; 3, lateral view; 4, head, dorsal view; 5, labels.

FIGURES 11–14. Constricticollis clunis Hutchinson & Allsopp new genus, new species, holotype female: 11, dorsal view; 12, ventral view; 13, lateral view; 14, labels.

FIGURES 15–20. Constricticollis clunis Hutchinson &Allsopp new genus, new species, holotype female: 15, frontal view; 16, rear view; 17, head, dorsal view; 18, head, ventral view; 19, head, dorso-lateral view; 20, head and pronotum, dorsal view.