Enoplocephala Miller, 1940

Chen, Zhuo, Liu, Yingqi & Cai, Wanzhi, 2020, Notes on the genus Enoplocephala Miller (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Stenopodainae), with the description of a new species from Borneo, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68, pp. 369-378 : 370-372

Enoplocephala Miller, 1940

( Figs. 1–29 )

Enoplocephala Miller, 1940: 440 .

Type species. Enoplocephala perakensis Miller, 1940 , by original designation.

Revised diagnosis. Macropterous; body surface covered with scale-like setae arising from wart-like tubercles; head slightly or distinctly shorter than pronotum, with anteocular part about twice as long as postocular; mandibular plates conical, produced; antenniferous tubercle with a spinelike process; bucculae prominent anteroventrally; antennal segment I longer than head; labial segment II distinctly longer than combined length of segments III and IV; pronotum with anterolateral and humeral angles strongly produced; fore femur not thickened, without denticle, or with two tiny denticles at base; fore wing with a hexagonal cubital cell; posterolateral angles of each abdominal segment produced, making lateral outline of abdomen serrate; abdomen with a medial longitudinal ridge beneath.

Redescription. Macropterous male ( Figs. 1–3 , 9–11 ). Colouration. Body brown to dark brown, mottled with yellowish brown spots and markings; antennae, labium, and legs lighter, with irregular blackish markings and annuli; fore wing with several faint, rounded, light spots and distinct, irregular, blackish patches in corium, clavus, and membrane; veins in corium yellowish brown.

Structure. Body oblong. Body surface finely rugose and densely covered with decumbent, short, scale-like setae arising from flat, rounded, wart-like tubercles ( Figs. 1–3 , 9–11 ); dorsal surface of anteocular part with a pair of longitudinal glabrous areas ( Figs. 5 , 12 ); eyes, transverse sulcus, ventral surface of postocular part, lateral and ventral surfaces of neck, ventral surface of labium, part of anterior pronotal lobe, apical process of scutellum, and both sides of meso- and metasterna glabrous; ventral surface of anteocular part and dorsal surface of neck with decumbent, short pubescence; inner and ventral surfaces of antennal segments I and II densely covered with erect setae, length of setae longer than diameter of respective segment ( Figs. 6 , 13 ); antennal segments III and IV densely covered with suberect, short setae interspersed with several erect, long setae; apex of labial segment II and full length of segment III with sparse, erect, long setae; lateral margins of stridulatory sulcus with erect, short setae; tarsi and apical two-thirds of tibiae with decumbent, long, stiff setae arising from small tubercles.

Head ( Figs. 5–7 , 12–14 ) elongate, slightly or distinctly shorter than pronotum; anteocular part parallel-sided in dorsal view, about twice as long as postocular; mandibular plates conical, produced, nearly parallel to each other; antenniferous tubercle small, with a long, spine-like process ( Figs. 5, 6 , 12, 13 ); bucculae strongly prominent anteroventrally ( Figs. 6 , 13, 15 ); postocular part gradually narrowed posteriorly, with a deep, longitudinal sulcus between ocelli and a pair of blunt tubercles on posterior margin of head. Eyes distinctly protruding laterally, oval in lateral view, dorsal margin remote from vertex and ventral margin distinctly surpassing ventral surface of head ( Figs. 6 , 13 ). Ocelli large, protruding dorsally ( Figs. 5, 6 , 12, 13 ). Antennal segment I thickest, slightly longer than head, segment II slender, longer than segment I, segments III and IV gracile, very short, subequal to each other in length. Labium ( Figs. 6 , 13 ) curved, labial segment II distinctly longer than combined length of remaining segments, segment III robust, segment IV tapering. Neck distinctly separated from postocular part of head.

Pronotum ( Figs. 5 , 12 ) trapezoidal, wider than long; anterolateral angles produced into a pair of long, pointed spines ( Figs. 5, 7 , 12, 14 ); anterior pronotal lobe distinctly shorter than posterior lobe, with a medial longitudinal sulcus which is shallow on apical half and much deeper on basal half; posterior pronotal lobe with a pair of submedian carinae reaching posterior margin; lateral margins of pronotum slightly emarginated at transverse sulcus, with a pair of tubercles on both sides before transverse sulcus; humeral angles spine-shaped, strongly protruding laterally ( Fig. 5 ) or posterolaterally ( Fig. 12 ). Anterolateral angles of prosternum produced into a pair of moderately long, pointed spines ( Figs. 6 , 13 ); fore acetabulum open. Scutellum ( Figs. 5 , 12 ) subtriangular, with a wide, longitudinal, median furrow on disc; apical process of scutellum obtuse, slightly curved upwards. Meso- and metapleura ( Figs. 6 , 13 ) each with a ridge dorsally and anterodorsally, respectively. Mesosternum ( Figs. 7 , 14 ) with a wide, longitudinal, median ridge between mid coxae. Legs long. Femora slightly nodular at apex; fore femur not thickened, without denticle ( Figs. 5, 7 ), or with two tiny denticles at base of ventral surface ( Figs. 12, 14 ). Fore tibia straight, with tibial comb at apex. Tarsi threesegmented, with tarsomere I shortest, tarsomere III subequal to combined length of remaining tarsomeres. Claws simple. Fossula spongiosa absent. Fore wing ( Figs. 8 , 16 ) slightly surpassing apex of abdomen in midline, but not reaching apex of produced portion of abdomen; corium with a hexagonal cubital cell; R and M fused at basal third and separated at apical two-thirds; Cu strongly curved before separation point of R and M; membrane with typical two cells, M of outer cell strongly curved at basal third.

Abdomen ( Figs. 7, 8 , 17, 18 ) oval; posterolateral angles of each abdominal segment produced, making lateral outline of abdomen serrate; ventral surface of abdomen with a medial longitudinal ridge running from base of sternite II to apex of VI. Each side of sternites II to VI with a set of large, yellowish brown, setigerous tubercles near posterior margin of respective segment, 1+1 tubercles on sternite II, 1+2+1 on III–V, and 1+1+1 on VI ( Figs. 7 , 18 ). Each side of sternites III–VII with a set of bare areas, each comprised of three smooth, callus-like areas arranged in a triangle ( Figs. 7 , 18 ). Posterior margins of sternites II–VI strongly curved anteriorly ( Figs. 7 , 18 ); posterior margin of segment VII widely incised medially; segment VIII ( Fig. 19 ) distinctly exposed in lateral and ventral views, anterior margin concave, posterior margin slightly concave.

Male genitalia. Pygophore ( Figs. 20–22 ) oblong, simple in shape. Parameres ( Figs. 23–25 ) club-shaped, bent, apically rounded, with a subapical process on inner surface.

Diversity and distribution. Two species from the Oriental Region ( Fig. 29 ).

Figures

Figs. 1–4. Enoplocephala perakensis Miller, 1940, holotype, male, habitus. 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view; 3, ventral view; 4, labels. Scale bar of 1–3 = 5.00 mm.

Figs. 5–8. Enoplocephala perakensis Miller, 1940, holotype, male. 5, 6, anterior part of body; 7, body habitus; 8, posterior part of body. 5, 8, dorsal view; 6, lateral view; 7, ventral view. Scale bars = 3.00 mm.

Figs. 9–11. Enoplocephala maculata, new species, holotype, male, habitus. 9, dorsal view; 10, lateral view; 11, ventral view. Scale bar = 5.00 mm.

Figs. 12–18. Enoplocephala maculata, new species, holotype, male. 12–14, anterior part of body; 15, head; 16, fore wing; 17, 18, posterior part of body. 12, 16, 17, dorsal view; 13, lateral view; 14, 18, ventral view; 15, front view. Scale bars for 12–14, 17, 18 = 2.00 mm; 15 = 1.00 mm; 16 = 3.00 mm.

Figs. 19–28. Enoplocephala maculata, new species, holotype, male. 19, abdominal segment VIII; 20–22, pygophore; 23–25, paramere; 26–28, phallus. 19, 27, ventral view; 20, 26, dorsal view; 21, 28, lateral view; 22, caudal view. Scale bars for 19, 23–28 = 0.50 mm; 20–22 = 1.00 mm.

Fig. 29. Known distribution of Enoplocephala species.