Neduba steindachneri ( Herman, 1874 )

Cole, Jeffrey A., Weissman, David B., Lightfoot, David C., Ueshima, Norihiro, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta, Maryańska-Nadachowska, Anna & Chatfield-Taylor, Will, 2021, A revision of the shield-back katydid genus Neduba (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae: Nedubini), Zootaxa 4910 (1), pp. 1-92 : 44-46

Neduba steindachneri ( Herman, 1874)

Fig. 9 (distribution), Fig. 18 (male and female habitus, calling song, male and female terminalia, karyotype), Plate 1E (live habitus), Plate 4I (male calling song), Plate 7D (male ventral sclerite), Plate 9I (male titillators), Plate 11I (female subgenital plate).

Common name. Steindachner’s Shieldback.

History of recognition. Originally described in Tropizaspis from Fox Island, Puget Sound, Washington. Caudell (1907) synonymized this species under N. carinata . This species was subsequently removed from synonymy on the basis of the wide distance between type localities, but without examination of specimens ( Rentz & Birchim 1968). NEW COMBINATION: N. picturata ( Scudder 1899) is transferred under the synonymy of this species, rather than N. diabolica , given the type was collected during the Northwestern Boundary Survey ( Caudell 1907). This survey, from 1857-1861, was led by B.R. Kennerly, along the 409-mile-long Canadian-US border between the Rocky Mountains and Point Roberts on coastal Washington.

Type material. The syntype series of males and females is in NMW Vienna. Lectotype male here chosen as the adult whose images appear, along with collection labels, on the OSFO ( Cigliano et al. 2020). Label data of this specimen is as follows:

Small square label: “Stein-/dachner /1869[typed]/Califor [handwritten over label]

Wide rectangular label [handwritten]: Type n. sp. steindachneri/Fox Island Pouget Sound/1874 (http:// orthoptera .speciesfile.org/Common/basic/ShowImage.aspx?TaxonNameID=1141747&ImageID=208936)

TOPOTYPES EXAMINED (n = 4): WA, Pierce Co., 4♁, Puget Sound , Fox Island, 47.235925N, 122.626948W, 16-VIII-1986, DB Weissman , CAS

Measurements. (mm, ♁n = 20, ♀ n = 1) Hind femur ♁16.72–21.00, ♀ 19.80, pronotum total length ♁7.61–9.55, ♀ 7.56, prozona length ♁3.34–4.41, ♀ 1.94, metazona dorsal length ♁4.15–5.83, ♀ 5.62, pronotum constriction width ♁1.95–2.55, ♀ 2.60, metazona dorsal width ♁5.65–6.90, ♀ 5.50, head width ♁3.71– 4.45, ♀ 4.69, ovipositor length ♀ 14.18.

Distribution. Central Oregon Cascade and Coast Ranges north to coastal British Columbia.

Habitat. Understory of fir and fir-oak forests. On grasses, low branches, Ribes , and leaf litter.

Seasonal occurrence. Summer through fall, from July (6-VII-1926, CL Hubbs, CAS) through September (19- IX-2015, JA Cole, LACM).

Stridulatory file. (n = 11) length 3.5–4.0 mm, 108–127 teeth, tooth density 31.3 ± 2.3 (27–35.3) teeth/mm.

Song. (n = 26) Male songs are of the zwee-zwee type with PTR 3.7 ± 0.4 s- 1, faster than all other Convexa Clade species except some males of N. radicata . Males sometimes add partial PT when initiating song bouts. MPTL is 250.4 ± 47.6 ms. The OPT is poorly developed or absent. PTF is 13.1 ± 1.7 kHz. Males are nocturnal singers.

Karyotype. (n = 5) 2n♁ = 26 (2m + 22t + XtXt) T86-74 , S86-95, topotype.

Recognition. The male ventral sclerite is mushroom-shaped with a short, broad shaft and a wide, evenly curved apex with a short, blunt, recurved anterolateral projection. Tubercles are large, sparse, and confined to the apex. The titillators of N. steindachneri begin curvature after the midpoint of the shaft and are not as strongly curved dorsally (>90 o) as seen in most other Carinata Group species ( Plate 9 ). Stridulatory file tooth density (27–35 teeth/mm) is lower than that of N. convexa (2-sample t -test, P = 5.48 ×10 -3) and also trends lower than N. cascadia (33–39 teeth/ mm). The female subgenital plate is pentagonal, flat, subequal in length and width, and with curved apical margins and a strongly pointed apex, which separates this species from N. cascadia females which have straight apical margins and from N. convexa and N. longiplutea females which have plates that are longer than wide. The song is unique in having reduced or absent OPT. The PTR is faster than all other convexa clade species. This species has the most northern range of any Neduba ( Fig. 9 ).

Notes. N. steindachneri is locally common in the forest understory of the western slopes of Oregon and Washington Cascade Range and primarily the eastern slopes of the Oregon and Washington coastal ranges. A phylogeographic break separates populations north and south of the Willamette River ( Figs. 3–4 ) that suggests historical isolation that indicates historical isolation. Hybridzation with N. cascadia is possible and should be sought from populations in central Oregon, where the ranges of these two species overlap.

Material examined. (n = 28) USA, OR, Benton Co., 8♁, McDonald-Dunn Forest, Corvallis , 44.60382N, 123.33253W, 144 m, 18-IX-2015, JA Cole , LACM; 1♁, same data except JAC; 5♁, same data except 19-VII-1982, DC Lightfoot , CAS; Columbia Co., 1♀, Wilson Creek , 46.07701N, 123.02315W, EH Nast , CAS; Hood River Co., 1♁, 1♀, Hood R., 45.70556N, 121.52028W, 122 m, 17-VII-1931, RH Beamer , CAS; Marion Co., 1♁, Sublimity, Silver Creek Falls , 45.000267N, 122.840916W, 167 m, 19-VIII-1945, W Blehm , CAS; Multnomah Co., 3♁, Dabney State Park , 45.51766N, 122.35429W, 22 m, 19-IX-2015, JA Cole , JAC; 5♁, Oxbow Regional Park Day Use Area, SE Gordon Creek Rd., 1.2 mi. SE jct. Hurlburt Rd. , 45.49821N, 122.27871W, 59 m, 19-IX-2015, JA Cole , JAC; 1♁ same data except JAC; 1♁, SE Gordon Creek Rd., 2.7 mi. S jct. Hurlburt Rd. , 45.4784N, 122.28107W, 257 m, 19-IX-2015, JA Cole , JAC sound record; Tillamook Co., 1♁, Tillamook , 45.51667N, 123.71667W, 30- VII-1926, CL Hubbs , CAS; WA, Kitsap Co., 1♁, Holly , 47.557593N, 122.978488W, 3 m, 6-VII-1926, CL Hubbs , CAS; 5♁, Margarete Ranch, Port Orchard , 47.47137N, 122.65009W, 1525 m, 13-14-VIII-2013, JA Cole , LACM; 2♁, same data except JAC; Mason Co., 1♁, 1♀, Lake Cushman , 47.487964N, 123.266471W, 244 m, 27-VIII-1919, P Putnam , CAS, Pierce Co., see Type material (above) . QUESTIONABLE PLACEMENT: OR, Douglas Co., 1♁ nymph, Drain , 43.658731N, 123.318699W, 9-VI-2014, EC VanDyke , CAS.

Material from databases not examined by us (n = 7): CANADA, BC, Departure Bay, 49.20, 123.98W, 1925, GJ Spencer, Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network ( SCAN, https://scan-bugs.org/portal); UBC Campus 49.26N, 123.25W, 3-X-1946, D Evans, SCAN ; Gailano Island , 48.93N, 123.45W, 4-IX-1971, J Scudder, SCAN ; same data except 1971, J Scudder, SCAN ; same data except 11-X-1976, GGE Scudder, SCAN ; same data except 1976, GGE Scudder, SCAN ; Vancouver Island , 49.66667N, 125.83333W, 9-VIII-2007, J Miskelly, SINA .

Figures

PLATE 1. Live habitus of Carinata Group. A. N. carinata male, B. N. ambagiosa paratypes in phonotaxis, C. N. ambagiosa male (photo credit Jim Hogue), D. N. radicata paratype male, E. N. steindachneri male, F. N. cascadia paratopotype male showing mottled color form, G. N. cascadia paratopotype male singing (note elevated pronotal shield to give tegmina room to move, and perhaps, also create a parabola effect), H. N. cascadia paratyopotype male showing striped color form.

FIGURE 3. Bayesian consensus tree showing species Groups (color coded) and species hypotheses. Nodes with <85% posterior probability are collapsed.

FIGURE 4. Comparison of A. rDNA, and B. mtDNA trees. Nodes with <85% posterior probability are collapsed. Species Groups are color coded.

PLATE 4. Male calling songs of the Carinata and Propsti Groups.. A. N. carinata, B. N. oblongata, C. N. ambagiosa, D. N. diabolica, E. N. longiplutea, F. N. radicata, G. N. convexa, H. N. cascadia, I. N. steindachneri, J. N. propsti. Left column shows 4 s oscillogram windows, right column are 1 s windows.

PLATE 7. Ventral sclerites: Carinata, Propsti, Lucubrata, and Castanea Groups. A–C. N. convexa, D. N. steindachneri, E. N. cascadia, F. N. propsti, G–H. N. lucubrata, I. N. castanea, J–K. N. macneilli.

FIGURE 9. Distribution of Carinata Group species showing records in this work.

PLATE 9. Titllator arms of Carinata Group species.

PLATE 11. Female subgenital plates of Carinata (A–I), Propsti (J), and Castanea (K–L) Group species.

FIGURE 18. N. steindachneri male and female habitus, song, male and female terminalia, karyotype.