Cautethia

Miller, Jacqueline Y., Matthews, Deborah L. & Gott, Riley J., 2022, Three new species of Cautethia Grote (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from the Lucayan Archipelago and keys to West Indies species, Insecta Mundi 2022 (937), pp. 1-28 : 24-25

Key to West Indies Cautethia males

1. Hindwing with basal half ferruginous, orange, or yellowish..................................... 2

— Hindwing entirely dark gray................................................ C. insolita Haxaire

2(1). Sacculus terminus with a distinct sclerotized process ( Fig. 61–67 ); gnathos base barren and without protruding basal lobes.................................................................... 3

— Sacculus terminus without a distinct process, blunt tipped ( Fig. 58, 59 ), or with a minute sclerotized ridge ( Fig. 60 ); gnathos base with spinules and protruding basal lobes........................ 6

3(2). Ventral aspect of gnathos apex medially notched, forming pair of sclerotized knobs separated by membranous or less darkly sclerotized meson.................................. C. grotei Edwards

— Ventral aspect of gnathos not medially notched, weakly concave, uniformly sclerotized across meson.. 4

4(3). Anterior part of mesonotum with transverse black band contrasting gray scales of thorax and tegulae ( Fig. 10 ); apex of gnathos narrower than stalk ( Fig. 42 )..................... C. exuma McCabe

— Anterior part of mesonotum without transverse black band, thorax uniformly gray ( Fig. 14 .); apex of gnathos broader than stalk............................................................. 5

5(4). Apex of gnathos spatulate, stalk short and broad ( Fig. 46 ); basal half of hindwing yellowish orange to orange ( Fig. 10 )...................... C. geraceorum Miller, Matthews, and Gott , new species

— Apex of gnathos Y-shaped, stalk elongate and narrow ( Haxaire and Melichar 2012, figure 3); basal half of hindwing ferruginous....................................... C. fideli Haxaire and Melichar

6(2). Phallus with sclerotized apical process bent at right angle ( Fig. 37, 38 )............................ 7

— Phallus with sclerotized apical process not bent at right angle ( Fig. 34, 35, 39, 40 ) or absent......... 8

7(6). Uncus exceeding gnathos in lateral aspect ( Fig. 52 ); saccular process slender, elongate, tapered toward apex ( Fig. 66, 67 )......................................... C. calezae Haxaire and Melichar

— Uncus not exceeding gnathos in lateral aspect ( Fig. 55 ); saccular process a broad sclerotized mass............................................................... C. carsusi Haxaire and Schmit

8(6). Vesica with small patch of dark spinose cornuti ( Fig. 34, 36 ), appendix lobes absent; gnathos near or exceeding uncus in lateral aspect ( Fig. 56 ).......................... C. noctuiformis (Walker)

9(8). Apex of phallus with clear-tipped spine ( Fig. 39, 40 ); forewing antemedial lines with basal line indented within cell Cu 2 –A 2+3 ( Fig. 22 ); saccular process with distinct indentation separating basal lobe and toothed distal part ( Fig. 63 ).................. C. gossi Miller, Matthews, and Gott , new species

— Apex of phallus without clear-tipped spine ( Fig. 41 ); forewing antemedial lines with basal line not indented within cell Cu 2 –A 2+3, appearing evenly concentric with distal antemedial line ( Fig. 18 ); saccular process without distinct indentation separating basal lobe and toothed distal part ( Fig. 61, 62 )..................................... C. simoni Miller, Matthews, and Gott , new species

Figures

Figures 58–67. Examples of sacculus and saccular processes in West Indies Cautethia males. 58) C. grotei bahamensis, prep. DM 2128, MGCL 239522, Crooked Island, 6.vi.2014. 59) C. geraceorum, new species, paratype, prep. DM 2209, MGCL 247849, San Salvador Island, 12.vi.2018. 60) C. exuma, prep. DM 2233, MGCL 233423, South Andros Island, 27.iii.2014. 61) C. simoni, new species, paratype, prep. DM 2229, CMNH-IZ 720410, Providenciales, 28–30.i.1978 [CMNH]. 62) C. simoni, new species, paratype, prep. DM 2176, Grand Turk, 6.ii.2001 [USNM]. 63) C. gossi, new species, paratype, prep. DM 2136, MGCL 321522, Great Inagua, 9-12.vi.2007. 64) C. n. noctuiformis, prep. DM 2186, Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, 10 km NE Jarabacoa, Hotel Montana, 28.v.1972, Don & M. Davis [USNM]. 65) C. carsusi, prep. DM 2142, MGCL 1076062, Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, 5 km S of Jarabacoa, 1700’, 28.vi.1981, Charles M. Stevens. 66) C. calezae, prep. DM 2143, MGCL 1076079, Puerto Rico, Bosq. Est. Toro Negro, Rte. 143, UPRM Biol. Station, 18.1783°N 66.4878°W, 7.viii.2007, J. E. Hayden. 67) C. calezae, prep. DM 2231, CMNH 64087, Puerto Rico, Isabela, Bosque Estatal de Guajataca, Montanas Aymamon, 18-25-06N, 66-57-55W, 210m, 14-15.vi.1996, J. Rawlins, W. Zanol, R. Davidson, C. Young, M. Klingler, S. Thompson [CMNH].

Figures 10–17. Lucayan Cautethia adults. 10) Dorsal view of C. geraceorum, new species, ♂ holotype, MGCL 244145, San Salvador Island, 22.vii.2015. 11) Ventral view, same specimen. 12) Dorsal view of C. geraceorum, new species, ♀ paratype, MGCL 244181, San Salvador Island. 13) Ventral view, same specimen. 14) Dorsal view of C. exuma ♂, MGCL 233420, South Andros Island, 27.iii.2014. 15) Ventral view, same specimen. 16) Dorsal view of C. exuma ♀, South Andros Island, 233419. 17) Ventral view, same specimen. Scale bar under names 1 cm.

Figures 42–57. Lateral views of uncus, gnathos, and tegumen and ventral views of gnathos apex in West Indies Cautethia males. 42) Ventral view, C. exuma, prep. DM 2233, MGCL 233423 South Andros Island, 27.iii.2014. 43) Lateral view, same specimen. 44) Lateral view, C. grotei bahamensis, prep. DM 2208, MGCL 239522, Crooked Island, 6.vi.2014. 45) Ventral view, same specimen. 46) Ventral view, C. geraceorum, new species, paratype, prep. DM 2209, MGCL 247849, San Salvador Island, 12.vi.2018. 47) Lateral view, same specimen. 48) Lateral view, C. simoni, prep. 2176, Grand Turk, 6.ii.2001 [USNM]; 49) Ventral view, same specimen. 50) Ventral view, C. gossi, new species, paratype, prep. 2136, MGCL 321522, Great Inagua, 9-12.vi.2007. 51) Lateral view, same specimen. 52) Lateral view, C. calezae, prep. DM 2143, MGCL 1076079, Puerto Rico, Bosq. Est. Toro Negro, Rte. 143, UPRM Biol. Station, 18.1783°N 66.4878°W, 7.viii.2007, J. E. Hayden. 53) Ventral view, same specimen. 54) Ventral view, C. carsusi, prep. DM 2142, MGCL 1076062, Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, 5 km S of Jarabacoa, 1700’, 28.vi.1981, Charles M. Stevens. 55) Lateral view, same specimen. 56) Lateral view, C. n. noctuiformis, prep. DM 2186, Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, 10 km NE Jarabacoa, Hotel Montana, 28.v.1972, Don & M. Davis [USNM]. 57) Ventral view, same specimen.

Figures 31–41. Phalli of West Indies Cautethia. 31) C. exuma, prep. DM 2233, MGCL 233423 South Andros Island, 27.iii.2014. 32) C. grotei bahamensis, prep. DM 2208, MGCL 239522, Crooked Island, 6.vi.2014. 33) C. geraceorum, new species, paratype, prep. DM 2209, MGCL 247849, San Salvador Island, 12.vi.2018. 34) C. n. noctuiformis, prep. DM 2186, Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, 10 km NE Jarabacoa, Hotel Montana, 28.v.1972, Don & M. Davis [USNM]. 35) same specimen, enlargement of apical process. 36) same specimen, enlargement of cornuti. 37) C. calezae, prep. DM 2143, MGCL 1076079, Puerto Rico, Bosq. Est. Toro Negro, Rte. 143, UPRM Biol. Station, 18.1783°N 66.4878°W, 7.viii.2007, J. E. Hayden. 38) C. carsusi, prep. DM 2142, MGCL 1076062, Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, 5 km S of Jarabacoa, 1700’, 28.vi.1981, Charles M. Stevens. 39) C. gossi, new species, paratype, prep. DM 2136, MGCL 321522, Great Inagua, 9-12.vi.2007. 40) same specimen, enlargement of apical process. 41) C. simoni, new species, paratype, prep. DM 2176, Grand Turk, 6.ii.2001 [USNM].

Figures 18–25. Lucayan Cautethia adults. 18) Dorsal view of C. simoni, new species, ♂ holotype, MGCL 236856, Mayaguana Island, 28.vii.2014. 19) Ventral view, same specimen. 20) Dorsal view of C. simoni, new species, ♀ paratype, MGCL 247894, Mayaguana Island, 31.vii–1.viii.2014. 21) Ventral view, same specimen. 22) Dorsal view of C. gossi, new species, ♂ holotype, MGCL 242737, Great Inagua Island, 26.vii.2014. 23) Ventral view, same specimen. 24) Dorsal view of C. gossi, new species, ♀ paratype, Great Inagua, 24.vii.2014. 25) Ventral view, same specimen. Scale bar under names 1 cm.