Brachystomatidae, Sinclair & Cumming, 2006

Sinclair, Bradley J. & Cumming, Jeffrey M., 2006, The morphology, higher-level phylogeny and classification of the Empidoidea (Diptera), Zootaxa 1180 (1), pp. 1-172 : 1-172

Brachystomatidae n. stat.

Brachystomatinae Melander, 1908: 202 . Type genus Brachystoma Meigen, 1822 .

The Brachystomatinae is elevated to family rank and expanded to include the Ceratomerinae and Trichopezinae on the basis of several synapomorphies including: ejaculatory apodeme plate­like and narrowly fused to base of phallus, female tergite 7 usually bearing fringe of setae along posterior margin and female cercus held upright. This family includes the following three subfamilies:

Trichopezinae

Trichopezini Vaillant, 1981: 353 . Type genus Trichopeza Rondani, 1856 .

Trichopezinae Sinclair & Cumming, 1994: 200 ; Sinclair, 1995a: 720.

The Trichopezinae is not as well defined as the other two subfamilies of the

Brachystomatidae . It is a very heterogeneous group distinguished by an internal median

apodeme, which is usually present projecting anteriorly from female tergite 8 (see Key to

Families below for further diagnostic characters). This subfamily includes the following

genera and groups: Heleodromia group (including Heleodromia Haliday and

Pseudoheleodromia Wagner ); Heterophlebus group (including Apalocnemis Philippi ,

Gloma Meigen , Heterophlebus Philippi ); Niphogenia group (including Ceratempis

Melander and Niphogenia Melander ); Trichopeza group (including Boreodromia

Coquillett, Ephydrempis Saigusa , Sabroskyella Wilder , and Trichopeza Rondani ); and

Rubistella Garrett Jones ( Sinclair 1995a) .

In addition, Sematopoda Collin is tentatively assigned to the Trichopezinae , but

confident placement must await the discovery of congeneric females.

Ceratomerinae

Ceratomerinae Collin, 1928: 1 , 3, 16. Type genus Ceratomerus Philippi, 1865 . This distinctive subfamily is characterized by long narrow wings (lacking anal lobe),

dichoptic in both sexes, scape more than twice as long as pedicel with long dorsal and ventral setae, pedicel with finger­like conus and postpedicel elongate, often strap­like ( Sinclair 2003a). The following three genera are included in the Ceratomerinae : Ceratomerus Philippi , Glyphidopeza Sinclair , and Icasma Collin ( Sinclair 1997) .

Brachystomatinae

The Brachystomatinae is defined here primarily on the basis of a coiled spermatheca, Hshaped lacinia and articulated male cercus. The subfamily has traditionally included only two genera, Anomalempis Melander and Brachystoma Meigen. Xanthodromia Saigusa , which lacks the long cell cu p that characterizes the other two genera, was originally assigned to the Hemerodromiinae by Saigusa (1986), but is here transferred to the Brachystomatinae because of the form of the spermatheca, lacinia and male cercus.