Hormathia armata Rodríguez & López-González, 2001

Rodríguez, Estefanía & López-González, Pablo J., 2013, <strong> New records of Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic sea anemones (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctic Peninsula, and Scotia Arc </ strong>, Zootaxa 3624 (1), pp. 1-100 : 75-77

Hormathia armata Rodríguez & López-González, 2001

( Figs. 41–42 ; Appx. 1, 2)

Hormathia armata: Rodríguez & López-González 2001 .

MATERIAL EXAMINED

Polarstern ANT XV/3: stn. PS48/050 ( NHM: 2000.2908–2909, 2 specimens; SMNH: General coll. nº30621, 1 specimen); s tn. PS48/071 ( ZMH: C-11656, Holotype); stn. PS48/100 ( NHM: 2000.2910–2911, 2 specimens) ; stn. PS48/189 ( ZMH: C-11657, 3 paratypes) ; stn. PS48/194 ( SMNH: General coll., nº30620, 2 specimens) ; stn. PS48/ 209 ( BEIM: ANT-195 1 specimen) ; stn. PS48/220 ( BEIM: ANT-196, 2 specimens) ; stn. PS48/222 ( ZMH: C- 11658, 2 paratypes) .

Polarstern ANT XVII/3 : stn. PS56/111–18 ( BEIM: ANT-198, 1 specimen; BEIM: ANT-199, 1 specimen); stn. PS56/111–7 ( BEIM: ANT-197, 1 specimen) ; stn. PS56/119–1 ( BEIM: ANT-201, 1 paratype; NHM- 2000.2907, 1 paratype; RMNH: Coel. 24700, 1 paratype; SMNH-Type nº 5263, 2 paratypes; BEIM: ANT-200, 7 specimens; BEIM: ANT-202, 2 specimens; BEIM: ANT-203, 1 specimen; BEIM: ANT-204, 1 specimen; RMNH: Coel. 24699, 4 specimens) ; stn. PS56/122–2 ( BEIM: ANT-205, 1 specimen) ; stn. PS56/124–1 ( BEIM: ANT-206, 2 specimens) .

Polarstern ANT XIX/3 : stn. PS61/059–1 ( BEIM: ANT-4087, 1 specimen) ; stn. PS61/064–1 ( BEIM: ANT- 4093, 4 specimens) ; stn. PS61/069–1 ( BEIM: ANT-4086, 1 specimen) ; stn. PS61/070–1 ( BEIM: ANT-4071, 1 specimen) ; stn. PS61/104–1 (AMNH-4139, 1 specimen).

Polarstern ANT XXI/2 : stn. PS65/039–1 (AMNH-4812, 1 specimen) ; stn. PS65/121–1 (AMNH-4804, 1 specimen; AMNH-4817, 1 specimen; AMNH-4922, 1 specimen; AMNH-4935, 1 specimen; AMNH-4937, 5 specimens); stn. PS65/237–1 ( BEIM: ANT-4854, 1 specimen) ; stn. PS65/265–1 (AMNH-4888, 2 specimens); stn. PS65/276–1 ( BEIM: ANT-4873, 1 specimen; BEIM: ANT-4871, 1 specimen; BEIM: ANT-4976, 4 specimens; AMNH-4869, 3 specimens; BEIM: ANT-4870, 1 specimen) ( BEIM: ANT-4975, 4 specimens) ; stn. PS65/280–1 ( BEIM: ANT-4822, 2 specimens) ; stn. PS65/336–1 (AMNN-4940, 2 specimens).

Polarstern ANT XXIII/8 : stn. PS69/603–5 (AMNH-6009, 1 specimen) .

COMPARATIVE MATERIAL EXAMINED

Cereus spinosus Hertwig, 1882 . NHM 1890.7.23.1. Syntype. “ Challenger cruise, stn. 157, 53º55’S 108º35’E, 1950 fm, 3 March 1874 ”.

Phellia pectinata Hertwig, 1882 . NHM 1889.11.25.18. Holotype. ” Challenger cruise, stn. 307, 49º24’S 74º23’W, 147 fm, 4 January 1876 ”. Remarks: currently Hormathia pectinata (Hertwig, 1882) .

DIAGNOSIS

Pedal disc well developed, wide, with well-developed basilar muscles, to 40 mm diameter, often attached to rocks. Column thick and tough, cylindrical in expanded specimens and conical in contracted ones; to 30 mm diameter and 80 mm height in preserved specimens, divisible into scapus and scapulus. Scapus reticulate, covered in rectangular tubercles in proximal half of the column, pyramidal and pointed in shape in distal half. Scapus with a distinct crown of 12 flattened and hooked tubercles distally. Scapus with well-developed thin cuticle. Scapulus smooth. Oral disc flat, wider than column and pedal disc, almost covered completely by tentacles. Oral disc and tentacles whitish in living material, brownish or yellowish in preserved material; white marks around mouth cone, and tentacles of fourth cycle with white V-shaped marks at base on oral side. Tentacles of the last cycles with small white marks at base on aboral side. Tentacles smooth, to 96, tapered and relatively long in expanded specimens. Marginal sphincter muscle mesogleal moderately strong, diffuse and long. Equal number of mesenteries proximally and distally. Mesenteries hexamerously arranged in four cycles, only first cycle perfect and sterile. Retractor muscles diffuse but strong; parietobasilar muscles well developed but not forming mesogleal pennon. Longitudinal muscles of tentacles ectodermal. Acontia with only basitrichs. Cnidom: Spirocysts, basitrichs, and microbasic p -mastigophores. For detailed information on Hormathia armata , see Rodríguez & López-González (2001).

GEOGRAPHIC AND BATHYMETRIC DISTRIBUTION

Hormathia armata has been reported only in the eastern Weddell Sea, between 65–444 m depth ( Rodríguez & López-González 2001). However, the material from this study extended the geographic and bathymetric distribution of the species to north of Antarctic Peninsula, Elephant and South Shetland islands and the Drake Passage, between 65–454 m depth.

Hormathia armata is an Antarctic endemic species from continental shelf depths ( Fig. 41b ).

Figures

FIGURE 41. Distribution map of species. a) Actinauge verrillii McMurrich, 1893. b) Hormathia armata Rodríguez & López- González, 2001. c) Hormathia lacunifera (Stephenson, 1918). d) Corallimorphus profundus Moseley, 1877. e) Corallimorphus rigidus Moseley, 1877. Green triangles, type locality; green circles, previous localities; red circles, localities from this study; dark line, Subtropical Front; light line, Polar Front.

FIGURE 42. External anatomy of Hormathia armata Rodríguez & López-González, 2001. a) Oral view of living specimen. b) Lateral view of living specimen [BEIM (ANT-202)]. c) Lateral view of the holotype [ZMH C11656]. d) Detail of the flattened and hooked tubercles [ZMH C11656]. e) Detail of the distal column showing part of the crown of flattened and hooked tubercles, and the pyramidal and pointed tubercles [ZMH C11657]. f) Lateral view of preserved paratypes [ZMH C11657]. g) Oral view of preserved paratype [ZMH C11657]. Scale bars: a–b, 20 mm; c, f–g, 30 mm; d, 6 mm; e, 5 mm.