Syagrus hoehnei Burret (1937: 678)

Noblick, Larry R., 2017, A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae), Phytotaxa 294 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

Phytotaxa 294 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press • 109 27. Syagrus hoehnei Burret (1937: 678) . Lytocaryum hoehnei (Burret) Toledo (1944: 7) . Type:— BRAZIL. São Paulo : Cotia, Barragem nova de Cotia, –23.60, –46.91, 12 June 1930, A. Gehrt s.n. (holotype SP! [SP-25318], isotypes B, BH, SPF).

Figure 39 plate, Figure 38 map.

Solitary palm with columnar Stem ca. 3–5 m × 10–15 cm, often covered with persistent leaf sheaths and fibers. Leaves 16–22; sheathing leaf base ca. 27–32 cm long; pseudopetiole 23–52 cm long with mostly smooth margins; petiole 10–26 × 1.2–2.2 cm, 0.5–1.2 cm thickness; rachis 140–155 cm long; leaflets narrowly linear, dark green adaxially, silvery to brownish silvery pubescent on the abaxial surface, 56–63 along one side, regularly arranged in one plane, ramenta scales or brownish tomentum present where the leaflets are inserted on the rachis and present in patches along the abaxial midvein; basal leaflets 15–25 × 0.25–0.55 cm, middle leaflets 38–40 × 1.5–2.0 cm, apical leaflets 10–21.5 × 0.4–0.8 cm with an asymmetric acuminate tip. Inflorescence erect, spirally branched; prophyll 16–27 × 2.5–3.2 cm; peduncular bract ca. 92 cm long, expanded portion 52–56 × 3–7 cm, including a 1.5–2.0 cm beak, 6–8 cm perimeter, 1.5–2.0 mm thickness, narrow, woody, sulcate, exterior with scattered thin indument; peduncle ca. 55 × 0.5–1.2 cm, elliptical in cross-section, lepidote to hairy; inflorescence axis 35–40 cm long; rachis 25–28 cm long; rachillae 34–50, glabrous, 7–11 cm long at the apex, 9–19 cm long at the base; staminate flowers 6–7 mm at the apex, 7–9.8 × 2.5–3.0 mm at the base, green to yellow, sepals 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–3.0 mm, glabrous, faintly visible nerves, petals 4–5 mm long at the apex, 6–8.5 × 1.7–2.3(–3) mm at the base with acute tips, nerves indistinct, stamens 4.0– 6.5 mm long, anthers 3.5–4.5 mm long, filaments 0.8–1.2(–2) mm long, pistillode ca. 1 mm long; basal pistillate flowers conical, 6.0–8.5 × 5–6 mm, yellow, glabrous, sepals 6.0–7.3 × 3.8–5.0 mm, glabrous, no visible venation, petals 5.0–7.2 × 3–4 mm, glabrous, distinctly nerved, valvate tips less than to ½ the length of the petals, pistil 4.5–6.5 × 2.5–3.0 mm, glabrous to lepidote, stigmas ca. 1.5–2 mm long, glabrous, staminodal ring ca. 0.5–1 mm high, 6-dentate. Fruit globose to ovoid, 3.0–3.3 × 2.0– 2.3 cm, brownish-green when mature, glabrous to short tomentose on the basal portion of the fruit, epicarp less than 0.5 mm thick, mesocarp 1 mm thick, succulent and fibrous, both epicarp and mesocarp split longitudinally at maturity into three or more parts and peels back exposing the endocarp; endocarp 2–2.1 × 1.7–1.8 cm, thin and fragile, 0.5–1.0 mm on its sides and 1 mm thick at the ends, seed broadly ellipsoid, ca. 1.7 × 1.3 cm, endosperm ruminate. Germination adjacent-ligular.

Common name:— icá, palmeira-prateada.

Etymology:— The specific epithet, hoehnei , honors the Brazilian botanist Dr. Fredrico Carlos Hoehne (1882– 1959) from the state of São Paulo , who was a pioneer in the protection of the environment in Brazil.

Distribution and habitat:— São Paulo and Paraná, Brazil, in the Atlantic forest in the Serra do Mar region (800–1000 m elevation), in well-drained soils along slopes in open woodlands and forests.

Conservation:— This palm is rare and threatened, but with the discovery of new populations, it is in less danger than previously thought, and some plants are protected within state and national parks and reserves. Yet outside of these parks and reserves, the Atlantic forest is extremely fragmented. This species is classified as Vulnerable C2a(i).

Phenology:— Fruiting during the later spring and summer months, November to March.

Uses:— This palm is extremely ornamental with its graceful foliage. It possesses a great potential for landscaping. When young, it does well as a potted plant and tolerates low-light, interior conditions. In landscaping, it should always be cultivated in partial shade.

Notes:— This palm has dark green foliage with a silvery to brownish pubescence on the abaxial side of the leaflets, fruit with a spitting epicarp and mesocarp, and a ruminate endosperm.

Representative specimens:— BRAZIL. Paraná: Adrianópolis , Parque Estadual das Lauráceas, –24.86, – 48.72, 900, 25 November 2008, M.L. Brotto 264 ( UPCB) ; Adrianópolis, Bernech, Fazenda Mato Limpo , Berneck , –24.66, –48.99, 23 November 2004, J.M. Silva & L.M. Abe 4205 ( HUEFS, MO, RB) ; Adrianópolis, Fazenda Mato Limpo, Berneck , –24.66, –48.99, 9 June 2005, J.M. Silva 4347 ( ALCB, UPCB) ; Campo Mourão , Parque Estadual Lago Azul ( PELA) , – 24.10, –52.32, 1 June 2007, M.G. Caxambu 1513 ( HCF) ; Tunas do Paraná , Parque das Lauráceas, –24.97, –49.09, 5 October 1999, J.M. Silva et al. s.n. ( MBM) ; São Paulo : Adeinha , 1940, A. Gehrt s.n. ( SP-43163 ) ; Camping Ana Paula , região sul do município de São Paulo , –23.90, –46.77, 12 September 1994, N.S. Ávila et al. 311 ( SP) ; Capão Bonito, Parque Estadual Nascentes do Paranapanema , –23.024, –48.82, 720 m, 3 February 2012, F.A.R.D.P. Arzolla et al. 1529 ( SPSF) ; Cotia, Reserva Estadual de Morro Grande , Sub-bosque, –23.60 ,

110 • Phytotaxa 294 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press

NOBLICK A REVISION OF THE GENUS SYAGRUS

Phytotaxa 294 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press • 111 –46.91, 1 May 2003, D.K. Ferraz s.n. ( UEC) ; Cotia, Reserva de Morro Grande , –23.50, –46.92, 25 February 2000, P. Fiaschi et al. 146 ( SPF) ; Cubatão , –23.89, –46.42, 9 May 1930, 1930, F.C. Hoehne s.n. ( SP! [ SP-26520 ]) ; Ibiúna, Parque Estadual de Jurupará, Caminho para a Fazenda Tucano , na orla da mata, –23.65, –47.22, 28 July 1995, J.B. Baitello & J.A. Pastore 782, 784 ( SP) ; Ibiúna, próximo ao distrito de Caucaia do Alto (Cotia-SP), fragmento Beto Borracheiro , –23.72, –47.07, 8 February 2001, L.C. Bernacci et al. 3036 ( IAC) ; Juquiá, Estrada vicinal não pavimentada, lado direiro do km 15 da rodovia SP 165 ( Juquiá-Sete Barras ), 3, 7 km do entroncamento em direção à fazenda Santa Fé. Sítio Totoca , –24.32, –47.63, 13 May 1994, R. Mello-Silva et al. 982 ( SP) ; Miracatu, perto de Pedro Barros , –24.28, –47.46, 30 July 1966, J.R. Mattos 13844 ( SP!) ; Miracatu , –24.28, –47.46, January 2012, V.C. Souza 34330 ( ESA!) ; Miracatu, Serra do Cafezal. Área da futura duplicação da BR-116. BR-116 (km 344–363), – 24.28, –47.46, January 2012, V.C. Souza 36330 ( ESA!) ; Mogi das Cruzes , H. Lorenzi et al. 971 ( HPL!) ; Mogi das Cruzes , –23.52, –46.19, 21 August 2008, R. Tsuji 2718 ( HPL!) ; Pedro de Toledo, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar , –24.18, –47.11, 427, 16 September 2010, N.M. Ivanauskas & A. Sister 6316 ( SPSF) ; Ribeirão Grande, Estação Ecologica de Xitué , –24.09, –48.36, 19 September 2006, F.M. Souza et al. 662 ( SPSF) ; São Bernardo do Campo, Lote 3, Rodoanel Mário Covas , Trecho Sul , –23.69, –46.56, 21 July 2009, R.T. Shirasuna 2474 ( SP) ; São Lourenço da Serra, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Paiol Maria, –23.83, –46.95, 733, without date, J.A. Lombardi 7856 ( HRCB) ; São Paulo, Barragem Sto Amaro S. Paulo , 2 November 1950, J.G. Batolomeu s.n. ( SPF) ; São Paulo, Parque Santos Dias , –23.54, –46.63, without date, M.P. Botânico 17, 18, 19 ( SPF) ; São Paulo, Parque Santos Dias. trilha principal, –23.66, –46.77, 15 April 1992, R.J.F. Garcia 30 ( SPF) ; São Paulo, Parque Santo Dias. Trilha das Quadras , –23.66, –46.77, 25 March 1993, R.J.F. Garcia 372 ( SPF) ; São Paulo, Parque Santo Dias. Trilha do Angico , –23.663056, –46.7725, 9999, 29 April 1993, R.J.F. Garcia 393 ( SPF) ; São Paulo , Distrito de Parelheiros. Sítio Morro Verde, à rua José Motta , –23.86, –46.74, 17 May 1996, R.J.F. Garcia et al. 883 ( SP) ; São Paulo, Mata do Governo , –23.54, –46.63, 8 May 1924, A. Gehrt s.n. (paratype SP! [ SP-9716 ]) ; São Paulo , Santo Amaro. Parelheiros , –23.54, –46.63, 12 May 1930, F.C. Hoehne s.n. (paratype SP! [ SP-26521 ]) ; São Paulo, Parque Estadual Fontes do Ipiranga, originalmente: Parque do Estado de S. Paulo, –23.54, –46.63, 28 March 1944, W. Hoehne 1236 ( SPF) ; São Paulo, Cratera da Colonia, –23.54, –46.63, 26 May 1999, C.M. Izumisawa 203 ( SPSF) ; São Paulo, Jardim Botânico ,–23.54, –46.63, 23 August 1955, M.P. Kuhlmann 3684 ( SP!) ; São Paulo, Ipiranga , – 23.54, –46.63, April 1921, H. Luederwaldt s.n. ( SP!) ; São Paulo, Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga , –23.64, – 46.61, 819, 20 January 2010, R.T. Shirasuna 2739 ( SP) ; São Paulo, Jardim Botânico , –23.54, –46.63, 16 June 1943, J.F. Toledo & O. Handro s.n. ( SP!) ; Sete Barras, Parque Estadual Intervales, Bacia do Rio Saibadela. Trilha da Serra da Mina , quase no alto da serra divisora dos rios Forquilha e Saibadela , 500 m, –24.27, –48.03 (–24.39, – 47.93), 26 July 1997, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes et al. 3231 ( MBML, SP, SPF) ; Tapiraí, Reserva Particular da Votorantim ( CBA) , Trilha da Serraria , –23.96, –47.50, 30 April 2013, G.D. Colletta & V.C. Souza 1055 ( ESA!) .

Figures

FIGURE 38. Distribution maps of Syagrus harleyi, S. hoehnei, S. inajai, S. insignis, S. itacambirana, S. itapebiensis and S. kellyana.

FIGURE 39. Syagrus hoehnei. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Mature fruit. D. Endocarps with one sectioned to show ruminate endosperm. Grid is in centimeters. Photos by Harri Lorenzi.