Arisemus atrasetus ( Rapp, 1945 )

Ježek, Jan, Oboňa, Jozef, Le Pont, François, Manko, Peter & Maes, Jean-Michel, 2021, New And Little Known Species Of Moth Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae) From Nicaragua, Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 67 (4), pp. 349-366 : 350-358

Arisemus atrasetus ( Rapp, 1945)

( Figs 1–18 )

Psychoda atraseta Rapp, 1945: 310 .

Arisemus atrasetus ; Duckhouse, 1974: 58–60, figs 12–17; QUATE & BROWN, 2004: 78, 88.

Arisemus lepidotus Quate, 1996: 23–25 , figs 9 d-g. (syn. by QUATE & BROWN 2004)

Arisemus stylofurcatus Collantes et Martinez-Ortega, 1999: 216–218 , figs 1–9. (syn. by QUATE & BROWN 2004)

Redescription. Male. Head pyriform, flattened antero-posteriorly, vertex conspicuously elevated ( Fig. 1 ), with shallow cleft apically, a little strangulated near upper ligament of pharynx, uniformly set with numerous setae alveoli. Horizontal border of setae above upper apices of eyes is slightly convex on both sides. Supraocular bristles above dorsal margins of eyes on both extreme sides of head are not developed. Eyes contiguous, kidney or C-shaped, eye bridge formed by 3 facet rows ( Fig. 2 ). Dorsal and ventral apices of eyes are approximately of the same size. Frontoclypeus with two quite separated almost triangular alveoli patches near the basis of antennae. Antennae ( Figs 3 , 12 ) incomplete and digitate paired ascoids were not observed in contrast to the literature ( DUCKHOUSE 1974 – atrasetus , flagellomere 7–10, QUATE 1996 – lepidotus , 8–11, COLLANTES & MARTÍNEZ-ORTEGA – stylofurcatus , 1–11). Scape cylindrical, 3.6 times as long as pedicel which is almost globular. Basal flagellomeres nodiform, with necks gradually a little prolonged in contrast to three apical bead-like smaller terminators without necks (the last flagellomere with conical apiculus sensu DUCKHOUSE, QUATE and COLLANTES & MARTÍNEZ-ORTEGA – see above). Mouthparts extending slightly beyond basal palp segment ( Fig. 1 ). The lines of small spines between both labial lobes are not developed, however, with digital or scraper fused protuberances in between distally ( Fig. 13 ). Length ratio of maxillary palps 1:1.3:1.3:2.1, segment 4 annulate ( Fig. 4 ). The index of the maximum length of the cibarium to the length of the epipharynx is approximately 2.2:1. Labrum pointed, covered with microsetae ( Fig. 5 ).

Thorax. Anepisternum setae patch approximately elliptic, however, with irregular distal margins, anepimeron with V-shaped patch ( Fig. 6 ). Spiracles set up on mesothorax, closely separated from anterior region of anepisternum. No thoracic allurement organs. Wings lanceolate ( Fig. 14 ), 1.9–2.3 mm long, pointed distally in the ending of R 5, a little expanded at the posterior margin, dark maculated. Infuscation free parts of wing: wing basis near neala and 11 semicircular flecks between vein endings (white gradually reduced patches, inconspicuous on the top of wing), with almost circular black spots near the wing margin. Following veins or their parts strengthened: Sc, R 1 and R 2 (not basal cell, however, in connection with R 3 and R 4 more strengthened), R 5, CuA 1 and CuA 2. Radial and medial fork complete, positioned as seen on Fig. 14 . Wing index 2.4. Halteres ( Fig. 7 ) almost ovoid with a prolonged stem. Ratio of maximum length of halteres to their maximum width approximately 2.9:1. Ratios of lengths of femora, tibiae and first tarsal segments P 1 1.9:2.2:1.0, P 2 2.0:2.7:1.2, P 3 2.1:3.2:1.2. Paired tarsal claws of P 1 bent distad, with a medial spine ( Fig. 8 ).

Male genitalia. Aedeagal complex ( Figs 10, 11 , 18 ) asymmetrical with large basal, rounded paddle-shaped enlargement of ejaculatory apodeme proximally, inflated and keeled posteriorly, anteriorly dorso-ventrally flattened. Right paramere sickle-shaped, bifurcated in contrast to left one, which is blunt, aedeagus thin, dibble-shaped. Hypandrium (tergite 10) as a broad band between gonocoxites, conspicuous, almost V-shaped or triangular in the middle on both sides, divided proximally in the apex ( Fig. 10 ). Gonocoxites inflated basally, approximately as long as gonostyles, which are forked, smaller appendage more than one-half length of main shaft (with conspicuous seta on the top), both sinuous and rounded apically ( Figs 9 , 17 ). Epandrium ( Figs 15, 16 ) almost square-shaped, bare, with a single almost circular aperture placed in vertical axis basally. A rest of ventral plate forms two divergent arms connected proximally. Hypoproct tongue-shaped, epiproct only as a fold, both parts haired. Epandrial clasping lobes almost cylindrical, setose and bent ( Figs 15, 16 ), almost twice as long as epandrium (measured with hypoproct), each with one apical tenaculum, frayed apically and strangulated a little in the middle.

Differential diagnosis. Arisemus atrasetus ( Rapp, 1945) is morphologically similar to A. rubeni Bravo et Araújo, 2013 (male), however, some differences are as follows: scape cylindrical, 3.6 times as long as pedicel which is almost gonopod, diagonal view; 10 = aedeagal complex, dorsal view; 11 = same, lateral view. Scale bars: 1, 4, 6, 7, 9 = 0.2 mm; 2, 3, 5, 10, 11 = 0.1 mm; 8 = 0.03 mm

globular ( Fig. 12 ), first flagellomere approximately 1.3 times as long as the second one, antepronotum without sensory organ near spiracle ( Fig. 6 ). Wing index 2.4. Larger posterior margin of wing conspicuously infuscated as well as anterior part, endings of all long veins have rather small black patches ( Fig. 14 ). Right paramere sickle-shaped, bifurcated in contrast to left one, which is blunt, aedeagus thin, dibble-shaped, a little longer than left paramere ( Fig. 10 , dorsal view). Bifurcated gonostyles with large U-shaped cleft between both protuberances ( Figs 9 , 17 ). Epandrium ( Figs 15, 16 ) with a single aperture. Epandrial clasping lobes almost twice as long as epandrium, each with one apical tenaculum, strangulated a little in the middle.

A. rubeni Bravo et Araújo, 2013 can be distinguished by scape to pedicel ratio 1.5:1, scape pyriform, first flagellomere approximately twice as long as the second one ( BRAVO & ARAÚJO 2013, p. 86, Fig. 1B ), antepronotum with py- riform sensory organ in front of thoracic spiracle ( BRAVO & ARAÚJO 2013, p. 86, Fig. 1G ). Wing index 3.0. A little expanded part of posterior margin of wing inconspicuously infuscated in contrast to anterior part, endings of all long veins have conspicuous black patches ( BRAVO & ARAÚJO 2013, p. 86, Fig. 1E ). Aedeagus thin, shorter than parameres, S-shaped, sinuous, aedeagal complex as figured ( BRAVO & ARAÚJO 2013, p. 86, Fig. 1H , dorsal view), bifurcated gonostyles without cleft between both protuberances, both parts attached to- gether. Epandrium proximally with two foramina. Epandrial clasping lobes approximately as long as epandrium, apical tenaculum is not strangulated in the middle.

Material examined. Nicaragua: Cerro Baka station, coordinates 13°40’20.5”N 84°30’21.1”W, altitude 200 m a.s.l., a small hill in the plain; landscape of large cattle mead- ows and thickets of degraded forest or coppice. Catches with CDC miniature light-traps, v.-vi 2009, Le Pont leg., 6 male (slides), several specimens dissected, Cat. No. 34915–34920, Inv. No. 25972–25977 ( NMPC) .

Bionomics. Unknown. Adults (males) collected in residual secondary forest, sometimes trampled by livestock.

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama.

Arisemus venustus Ježek, Oboňa et Le Pont sp. n.

( Figs 19–37)

Description. Male. Head ( Fig. 19) longer than broad, vertex elevated, slightly sagitate. Frons hair patch irregularly sparse and well separated in a central stripe. Three su- praocular bristles above dorsal margins of eyes on both extreme sides of head are developed. Eyes contiguous, kidney- shaped, eye bridge formed by 3 facet rows ( Fig. 20). Dorsal and ventral apices of eyes are approximately of the same size. The basis of antennae is skirted by two quite separated almost trapezoidal alveoli patches. Antennae ( Figs 21, 31 ) incomplete, paired digitate ascoids hardly evident (compare slide Inv. No. 25987, flagel- lomere 6). Scape conical, twice as long as wide, pedicel globular. First flagellar segment conspicuous, spindle-shaped, 1.4 times longer than following one, which has a short neck. Mouthparts extending beyond basal palp segment ( Fig. 19). At the labellum, as shown in Fig. 32 , miniature spines between both lobes are not visible. Labellum bulbose, with ser- rated margin in between distally. Length ratio of maxillary palps 1.0:1.2:1.5:2.3, segment 4 annulate ( Fig. 22). Ratio of maximum length of cibarium to length of epipharynx ( Fig. 23) 1.9:1, labrum pointed.

Thorax. Anepisternum setae patch missing, anepimeron with V-shaped patch ( Fig. 33 ). Spiracles set up on mesothorax. Thoracic allurement organs present as a small hemisphaerical protuberances near spiraculum, pair of patagia on prothorax have a specific shape as a grooved capsule, orange coloured in ethanol, prolonged (1.4 times as long as diameter of spiraculum), with many miniature spines apically ( Figs 24, 25, 33 ). Wings ( Fig. 35 ) narrowly lanceolate, 1.9 mm long – holotype, paratypes 1.5–1.9 mm, pointed distally in the ending of R 5, inconspicuously expanded at the posterior margin, dark maculated. Main infuscation free parts of wing: wing basis near neala and basal cell, vicinity of Sc basally, small limited stripe between R 1 and R 2+3, mostly semicircular or oval flecks between vein endings (white gradually reduced 11 patches, very small on the top of wing), with oval black spots on the wing margin. Following veins or their parts strengthened: Sc conspicu- ously, R 1 and R 2 (not in basal cell, however, in connection with R 3 and R 4 more strength- ened, with a supine parallel fold line), R 5, M 3, CuA 1 and CuA 2. Radial and medial fork complete ( Fig. 35 ). Both forks are out of line with CuA 2, medial fork positioned basally. Wing indices AB: AC:AD = 9.5:9.5:8.8; BC:CD:BD = 1.0:2.3:3.3. Wing index 3.1, medial wing angle 150° ( BCD). Knob of halteres ( Fig. 34 ) almost globular with a prolonged stem. Ratio of maximum length of halteres to their maximum width approximately 3.0:1. Ratios of lengths of femora, tibiae and first tarsal segments P 1 2.1:2.4:1.0, P 2 2.2:3.0:1.4, P 3 2.4:3.6:1.4. Paired tarsal claws of P 1 bent distad, pointed, with a medial blunt tubercle ( Fig. 26).

Male genitalia. Aedeagal complex ( Figs 29, 30, 36, 37 ) asymmetrical with rounded paddle-shaped ejaculatory apodeme inflated proximally and dorso-ventrally flattened. Right paramere sickle-shaped ( Figs 29, 30, 36 ), left paramere thick and blunt ( Figs 9 , 36, 37 ), aedeagus pointed distally, approximately as long as both parameres, thin, with a very small bent inconspicuous overlap, closely adhering. Hypandrium as a very broad band between gonocoxites, conspicuously oval-shaped in the middle on both sides and shallow sclerotized cleft proximally ( Fig. 29). Gonocoxites inflated basally, approximately as long as gonostyles, which are not forked, gradually tapering to the hooked top ( Figs 29, 36 ). Epan- drium ( Figs 27, 28) almost square-shaped, bare, without aperture. A rest of ventral plate forms two divergent sclerotized arms not fused proximally. Hypoproct tongue-shaped, epiproct only as a fold, both parts haired. Epandrial clasping lobes almost cylindrical, se- tose and bent ( Figs 27, 28), a little longer than epandrium (measured with hypoproct), each with one apical tenaculum, frayed apically.

Differential diagnosis. Arisemus venustus sp. n. is morphologically simi- lar to A. grabhamana ( Dyar, 1926) from Jamaica, however, male characters are quite different: scape 2.3 times as long as pedicel, pedicel gobular, without enlarged seta. Length ratio of maxillary palps 1.0:1.2:1.5:2.3 ( Fig. 22). Pair of patagia on prothorax have a specific shape as a grooved capsule, orange coloured (observed fresh material in ethanol), prolonged (1.4 times as long as diameter of spiracle), with many miniature spines apically ( Figs 24, 25, 33 ).

eres; 13 = terminal lobes of labium; 14 = wing; 15 = epandrium and epandrial clasping lobes, dorsal view; 16 = epandrium and epandrial clasping lobe, lateral view; 17 = gonopod, lat-

eral view; 18 = distal part of aedeagal complex in detail, lateral view. Scale bars: 14 = 1 mm;

15, 16 = 0.2 mm; 12, 13, 17, 18 = 0.1 mm

Wing index 3.1 ( Fig. 35 ). Right paramere sickle-shaped ( Figs 29, 30, 36 ), left paramere thick and blunt ( Figs 9 , 36, 37 ), aedeagus pointed distally from dor- sal view ( Figs 29, 37 ), rounded from lateral one ( Fig. 36 ), approximately as long as both parameres, thin, with a very small bent inconspicuous overlap, closely adhering to paramere ( Figs 29, 37 ).

On the other hand, males of A. grabhamana ( Dyar, 1926) have scape 2.1 times length of pedicel, pedicel eccentrical, enlarged medially and bearing a single enlarged seta. Length ratio of maxillary palps 1.0:1.2:1.7:2.0. Pair of patagia quite different, unclear examination (see comments on known morphology below). Wing index 2.0–2.5 ( QUATE & BROWN 2004). One from parameres stepped near top, in right angle to aedeagus from dorsal view, without small bent inconspicuous overlap (compare SATCHELL 1955, p. 88, Fig. 2E and VAIL- LANT 1986, p. 335, Figs 4, 6 ).

Comments on patagia of grabhamana / maculosus (synonymy sensu DUCK- HOUSE 1974). Defined by SATCHELL 1955, p. 89, as conical protuberances above anterior spiracle – A. maculosus Satchell, 1955 ; DUCKHOUSE 1974, p. 149, as very tenuous sacs, each with a black central body, as large as anterior spiracle – grabhamana ; VAILLANT 1986, p. 335, only by Fig. 3 „stigmate prothoracique gauche et organes turgescents du même côté“ without comments in the text – maculosus ; QUATE & BROWN 2004, p. 81, in front of anterior spiracle, organ a dense cluster of berrylike granules, patch of long hairs behind anterior spira- cle – grabhamana .

Type material. Holotype, male: Nicaragua: “Natural Reserve Cerro Musun”, coordi- nates 12°97’N 85°24’W, altitude 800 m a.s.l., catches with CDC light traps near the Research Station , subtropical forest, v.-vi.2009, Le Pont leg. Slide with a dissected specimen, Cat. No. 34921, Inv. No. 25978 ( NMPC).

Paratypes 21 males (slides): The same locality, data and collector, several specimens dissected, Cat. No. 34922-34942, Inv. No. 25979-25999 ( NMPC) .

Type locality. Nicaragua: “Natural Reserve Cerro Musun”, near the town of Rio Blanco (east of the Matagalpa Department).

Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word „venustus - a - um“ (adjective) = gracefully refined; it refers to pair of characteristic patagia on prothorax (a grooved capsule, orange coloured, with many miniature spines apically).

Bionomics. Unknown. Adults (males) collected in an undergrowth for- est, very steep, south-eastern side of Cerro Musun.

Distribution. Currently recorded only from Nicaragua.

24, 28, 29 = 0.1 mm; 21, 25, 30 = 0.05 mm; 26 = 0.03 mm

33, 34 = 0.2 mm; 31, 32, 36 = 0.1 mm; 37 = 0.05 mm

Figures

Figs 1–11. Arisemus atrasetus (Rapp, 1945), male. 1 = head, frontal view; 2 = frons and fac- ets in detail, frontal view; 3 = terminal flagellomeres (16th antennomere missing, not ob- served); 4 = maxilla and palpus maxillaris; 5 = cibarium, labrum and epipharynx; 6 = thoracic sclerites, lateral view; 7 = halter, lateral view; 8 = tarsal claw of P 1, lateral view; 9 =

Figs 12–18. Arisemus atrasetus (Rapp, 1945), male. 12 = scape, pedicel and basal flagellom-

Figs 31–37. Arisemus venustus Ježek, Oboňa et Le Pont sp. n., male. 31 = scape, pedicel and basal flagellomeres; 32 = terminal lobes of labium; 33 = thoracic sclerites, lateral view; 34 = halter, lateral view; 35 = wing; 36 = aedeagal complex and gonopod, lateral view; 37 = dissected left distal part of aedeagal complex in detail, lateral view. Scale bars: 35 = 0.5 mm;