Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758

Franklin, J. Benjamin, Subramanian, K. A., Fernando, S. Antony & Krishnan, K. S., 2009, 2250, Zootaxa 2250, pp. 1-63 : 47-49

54. Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758 (Figure 55)

Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758: 717 , no. 278 (lectotype, LSL (67 x 33 mm) ( Kohn 1963); "Banda").

Conus archiepiscopus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792: 747–748, no. 141 (lectotype, MHNG (68 x 36 mm) (Kohn 1968); "aux mers des grandes Indes").

Cucullus auriger Röding, 1798: 49 , no. 632/119 (representation of lectotype, Martini 1773: pl. 54, fig. 599 (Kohn 1975); locality unknown).

Cucullus gloriamaris Röding, 1798: 49 , no. 633/120 (representation of lectotype, Martini 1773: pl. 54, fig. 598 (Kohn 1975); locality unknown).

Cucullus auratus Röding, 1798: 5 , no. 635/122 (representation of lectotype, Knorr 1764: pl. 8, fig. 3 (Kohn 1975); locality unknown).

Conus panniculus Lamarck, 1810: 435 , no. 170 (type, MHNG (63 x 31 mm) ( Röckel et al. 1995); "Mers des grandes Indes").

Conus pyramidalis Lamarck, 1810: 438 , no. 170 (representation of lectotype, Cuvier 1798: pl. 347, fig. 5 (56 x 19 mm) ( Walls 1979); "Indes Orientales").

Conus gloriamaris Perry, 1810 : pl. 16 (representation of holotype, Perry, 1810: pl. 16 (104 x 49 mm) ( Röckel et al. 1995); "South Seas").

Conus reteaureum Perry, 1811 : pl. 25, fig. 5 (representation of holotype, Perry 1811: pl. 25, fig. 5 (96 x 50 mm) ( Röckel et al. 1995); "African Seas").

Conus (Textilia) communis Swainson, 1840: 312 (lectotype same as that of C. archiepiscopus Hwass ( Coomans et al. 1985a)).

Conus verriculum Reeve, 1843 : pl. 38, sp. 208a, b (type, Mus. Stainforth; " Ceylon ").

Conus textilinus Kiener, 1845 : pl. 103, fig. 5 (holotype, NMWC (38.5 x 21.5 mm) ( Röckel et al. 1995); locality unknown).

Conus concatenatus Kiener, 1845 : pl. 103, fig. 5.

Conus dilectus Gould, 1850: 172 (holotype, USNM (13 x 6 mm) ( Röckel et al. 1995); "Feejee Islands").

Conus scriptus Sowerby II, 1858: 41 , no. 357, pl. 23, fig. 569 (three syntypes, BMNH (59 x 27; 54 x 22; 50 x 22 mm); locality unknown).

Conus tigrinus Sowerby II, 1858: 41 , no. 355, pl. 23, fig. 569 (type, BMNH (43 x 19 mm); " Madagascar ").

Conus corbula Sowerby II, 1858: 41 , no. 365, pl. 23, fig. 573 (type, BMNH (69.5 x 34.5 mm); locality unknown).

Conus textile var. euetrios Sowerby III, 1882: 12 , fig. 13c (holotype, NMWC (49 x 24 mm) ( Röckel et al. 1995); locality unknown).

Conus cholmondeleyi Melvill, 1900: 308 (holotype, MM (43 x 18 mm); locality unknown).

Conus eumitus Tomlin, 1926: 288–289 , pl. 16, fig. 3 (lectotype, BMNH (53 x 28 mm); "Scottburgh").

Dariconus textiles osullivani Iredale, 1931: 224, pl. 25, fig. 13 (holotype, AMS (42.5 x 20 mm) ( Röckel et al. 1995); "Black Rock, Richmond River, New South Wales ").

Conus textile var. ponderosa Dautzenberg, 1932: 16 (type, IRSN (57 x 33.5 mm) ( Röckel et al. 1995); "Ste Marie").

Conus textile var. loman Dautzenberg, 1937: 257 (type, IRSN; "de 1’ île Maurice et de 1’ île Cargados ").

Conus sirventi Fenaux, 1943: 4 , fig. 10 (" Madagascar ").

Conus textile dahlakensis da Motta, 1982: 5–6 , pl figs. 5a, b (holotype, MHNG (87 x 40 mm) ( Röckel et al. 1995); "in the area of Dahlak Archipelago, off Massawa in the Red Sea ").

Conus textile neovicarius da Motta, 1982: 4–5 , pl figs. 4a, b (holotype, MHNG (76 x 45 mm) ( Röckel et al. 1995); "in Sharem-el-Shech, Gulf of Aqueba ").

Conus suzannae van Rossum, 1990: 29–31 (holotype, van Rossum coll. (39 x 17.5 mm) ( Röckel et al. 1995); " Malindi coasts of Kenya, Indian Ocean").

Material examined: MBMCS154 , 26 specimens, SL 35–104 mm; SW 11–42 mm .

Description. Shell medium sized to large, moderately light to moderately heavy, with high gloss. Body whorl ventricosely conical to ovate, outline strongly convex to nearly straight; left side straight to strongly concave near base. Shoulder usually rounded, but sometimes sharply angulate. Spire generally of moderate height, sides nearly straight to convex, sharply pointed. Aperture variably wider at base than near shoulder; outer lip sharp, slightly convex to nearly straight. Body whorl with variably weak spiral ribs near base.

Ground colour white, sometimes suffused with blue, violet, orange or pink. Body whorl generally with a network of light to dark brown lines edging tiny to moderately large tents, sometimes also small quadrangular to round markings. Yellowish-brown flecks and blotches arranged in two to three interrupted to solid spiral bands on both sides of the centre and often below shoulder; bands interspersed with broad, dark brown, straight to wavy axial lines. Occasionally one to two additional but similar but narrower spiral bands at base. Spire and shoulder whitish with many axial brown lines continued from body whorl. Aperture usually white to bluish white. Periostracum grey to yellow, thin, smooth and translucent.

Distribution. Conus textile has been reported from Madras ( Frauenfeld 1869; Gravely 1942) to Tuticorin ( Thurston 1890, 1895) on the east coast and from Ohka ( Kohn 1978) to Bombay ( Melvill & Abercrombie 1893; Hornell & Tomlin 1951; Subrahmanyam et al. 1952) on the west coast.

We collected specimens from several stations ( Table 6) by trawling in 10– 80 m. In contrast, at stations 4, 5, 6 and 7, specimens were collected only at shallow depths of 10–20 m ( Table 6).

Remarks. Conus textile shows wide variations in shape and colour patterns between and within stations along the TamilNadu Coast (Figure 62Q). Dead shells were rarely found in the trawl collection during this survey.