Myrica pseudointegerrima WEYLAND et KILPPER
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.13191145 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3A81E-FFB5-192C-FCE0-FAB93BE5FF3B |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Myrica pseudointegerrima WEYLAND et KILPPER |
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Myrica pseudointegerrima WEYLAND et KILPPER
Pl. 3, figs 17-18, pl. 13, fig. 8
1963
Myrica pseudointegerrima WEYLAND et KILPPER , p. 95, pl. 21, figs 1-6, pl. 22, fig. 7, text-figs 7-8 (Frimmersdorf Mine, Ville, Herman Mine, Heerlen).
Dispersed leaf fragments. Adaxial epidermis medium cutinized, outline of non-modified cells polygonal, 15–20 µm in diameter, anticlinal walls straight to slightly curved, widely dispersed biserial trichome bases 10 ×20 µm in size, without preserved distal parts, surrounded by smaller subsidiary cells, abaxial epidermis similar in preservation to adaxial, anticlinal cell walls more wavy, stomata anomocytic, 20 µm long and 30 µm wide with widely open thickened stomatal ledges, polar T pieces, biserial trichome bases less dense than adaxially.
D i s c u s s i o n: Weyland and Kilpper (1963) misinterpreted the stomatal type of this rare species as paracytic due to its thicker stomatal ledges. This is a typical feature distinguishing it from other fossil species of Myrica in Europe.
M a t e r i a l: Dispersed leaf fragments and cuticles, missing (KR 338, 339, 340, 341).
Sapium BROWNE Sapium germanicum KIRCHHEIMER
Pl. 7, fig. 16
1941a Sapium germanicum KIRCHHEIMER , p. 206, fig. 8 (Wiesa).
1964 Sapium germanicum KIRCHHEIMER ; Mai, p. 33, 78, pl. 9, fig. 10 (Wiesa, Merka).
1977a Sapium germanicum KIRCHHEIMER, Holý p. 112 (Hrádek/N., Kristina Mine).
Seeds secondarily compressed, ca. 2.3–5.1 mm in diameter, only slightly elongate, hilum tiny, not perforated, exceptionally seen on the secondary keel due deformation, sclerotesta thin, composed of prismatic radial sclereids ( Holý 1975, p. 62, pl. 12, figs 1-2).
D i s c u s s i o n: Kirchheimer (1957) suggested Sapium sebiferum (L.) ROXB. from China as a living relative producing similar seeds. Martinetto (in scheda) notes that this material from the Hrádek flora may belong partly to lauroid fruits.
M a t e r i a l: 26 seeds and fragments, G 3031, 3083, 4603, 4604, 7776, 8852, Gs 79, Gs 83.
Hypericum L. Hypericum septestum NIKITIN ex ARBUZOVA
Pl. 7, fig. 17
1948 Hypericum septestum NIKITIN , p. 1104 (nomen nudum) (Kierevskoe).
1957 Hypericum septestum NIKITIN , nom. illegit. (without typification); Dorofeev, p. 307, pl. 4, fig. 18 (Lagernyi Sad).
1977c Hypericum septestum NIKITIN ; Holý, p. 2 (Hrádek/N., Kristina Mine).
2003 Hypericum septestum NIKITIN ; Teodoridis, p. 20, pl. 6, figs 4-6 (Hrádek/N., drill cores).
2005 Hypericum septestum NIKITIN ex ARBUZOVA , p. 43, pl. 110, figs 1-12, pl. 111, figs 1-5 (typification) (Lagernyi Sad, Ekaterinskoe, Kierevskoe, western Siberia).
Seeds cylindrical, 1.0 mm long, 0.4–0.5 mm wide, secondarily slightly compressed, straight along long axis, sides very slightly convex, base and apex rounded, lateral vascular bundle running longitudinally from dotted chalaza on apex (anatropic seed), surface lustrous, covered by ca. 20–24 longitudinal rows of roundish polygonal cells (one cell 38 µm in diameter) forming a reticulum ( Holý 1975, p. 50, pl. 8, fig. 5).
D i s c u s s i o n: H. septestum was described from the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene deposits of western Siberia ( Dorofeev 1957, 1963a, Arbuzova 2005) and reported from the Late Oligocene to Late Miocene deposits of Europe (e.g., Palamarev and Petkova 1987, Mai 2001, Czaja 2003). Teodoridis (2003) described an incomplete seed from the same stratigraphically level as the Kristina Mine from the drill core Hr 42 near Hrádek/N. H. septestum shows close morphological affinity to Hypericum miocenicum DOROFEEV emend. MAI (1997) , however, the latter differs from H. septestum in the structure of the upper surface (lower number of longitudinal rows of polygonal cells – Teodoridis 2003). Recently, Meseguer and Sanmartín (2012) produced a complete summary of Hypericum palaeobiological datasets. According to Gümbel and Mai (2002) and Arbuzova (2005), H. septestum is comparable with the modern Triadenum virginicum (L.) RAF. (= H. virginicum L.).
M a t e r i a l: 2 seeds, G 3069.
Salix L. Salix varians GÖPPERT
Pl. 3, figs 19-20, pl. 13, figs 9-10
1855
1954
Salix varians GÖPPERT , p. 26, pl. 20, figs 1-2 (Sośnica = = Schossnitz in German).
Rhus liblarensis KRÄUSEL et WEYLAND , p. 148, pl. 31, figs 7-10, pl. 32, figs 1-2, text-fig. 1 (Liblar).
Leaf fragments, probably lanceolate to slightly ovate, 9–36 mm long and 6–28 mm wide, base cuneate, apex short attenuate and blunt, margin crenulate to serrate with fine glandular teeth, venation eucamptodromous to brochidodromous, midrib strong, straight, secondary veins alternate, numerous, curved towards the apex and margin, originating at an angle of 45–65°, rare very thin intersecondary veins, parallel with secondary veins, tertiary veins opposite to alternate percurrent, curved to sinuous, venation of higher orders regular polygonal reticulate, areolation well-developed, 3- to 4-sided. Adaxial cuticle medium thick showing outlines of non-modified polygonal cells 8–10 µm in diameter, anticlines straight to slightly bent, single-celled trichome bases sporadically distributed, round, heavily cutinised, 5–8 µm in diameter, directly on the margin small rare paracytic stomata visible, abaxiale cuticle reflecting outlines of non-modified cells in form and size similar to those of adaxial leaf side, but more delicate, stomata paracytic, irregularly arranged, sometimes in dense groups, 15–25 µm long, 10–20 µm wide, stomata ledges strongly cutinised, lateral subsidiary cells difficult to see, simple trichome bases irregularly distributed.
D i s c u s s i o n: Foliageof Salix is clearly recognizable morphologically as well as anatomically ( Ghahremaninejad et al. 2012). However, individual species vary considerably in morphology of leaf lamina and the identification of fossils based on fragmentary leaf compressions may be equivocal, which applies also for our record. The obtained leaf epidermal structure corresponds to that of the material from the type locality Sośnica ( Z. Kvaček, own observation, H. Walther, personal communication) .
M a t e r i a l: Leaf compressions on slides, G 9307- 9319 (KR 177, 178, 221, 386, 423, 424, 427).
Ficus L. Ficus potentilloides MAI
Pl. 7, figs 18-19
1964 Ficus potentilloides MAI , pp. 23, 104, pl. 2, fig. 17, pl. 13, figs 19-22 (Wiesa, Hartau).
1978a Ficus potentilloides MAI ; Holý, p. 2 (Hrádek/N., Kristina Mine).
Endocarps rounded-ovoid to ellipsoidal, variously deformed, 1–1.3 mm in diameter, fine punctate on surface, bisymmetrical dehiscence into two valves visible on some specimens, distinct placental area under small apical knob, with the mouth of short funicular canal and subapical micropyle above ( Holý 1975, p. 39, pl. 6, figs 9-10).
D i s c u s s i o n: The material undoubtedly matches that from the type locality Hartau. F. europaea NEGRU (1972) is closely related, but differs in the form (roundish to sub-circular to half circular, apex sharp, ventral side at least a little convex). Ficus potentilloides is an ancient species accompanying Neogene mastixioid floras. Its fruitlets match those produced by the living F. carica L. widely cultivated in Europe.
M a t e r i a l: 10 deformed endocarps, G 3060, 3084, 8979-80.
Rubus L. Rubus spp. Pl. 7, figs 20-21
1977a Rubus sp. div.; Holý, p. 112 (Hrádek/N., Kristina Mine).
Two forms recognized: A) endocarps asymmetrically ovoid, 1.4–1.7 mm long, 0.8–1.1 mm wide, ventral side straight, apex roundish, bent towards ventral side and pointed in that direction, base rounded, dorsal side convex, surface reticulum regular, rather fine, with meshes slightly elongate in the direction of dorsal arch, reticulum sometimes disappears near central area. B) endocarps quite symmetrical, slightly obliquely ovoid to elongate ovoid, 1.5–2.4 mm long, 0.9–1.3 mm wide, ventral side always slightly convex, surface reticulum forming regular isometric meshes over the whole side.
D i s c u s s i o n: According to Holý (1975, p. 46, pl. 7, fig. 11) the two recognized forms are partly comparable with Rubus laticostatus KIRCHHEIMER and some others from Siberia. R. microspermus CHANDLER (1957) is also similar. The carpology of the whole genus has not been fully worked out and our material is too scanty for a more precise identification.
M a t e r i a l: 20 fruitlet endocarps, G 3011, 3034, 8857-58.
Trema LOUR. Trema lusatica MAI
Pl. 7, fig. 22
1964
Trema lusatica MAI , pp. 22, 105, pl. 4, figs 21-22, pl. 13, figs 23-25 (Wiesa, Hartau).
1977a Trema lusatica MAI ; Holý, p. 112 (Hrádek/N., Kristina Mine).
2003 Trema lusatica MAI ; Teodoridis, p. 20, pl. 5, figs 15-16, pl. 6, fig. 7 (Hrádek/N., drill cores).
Endocarps thin-walled, slightly convex to flattened, broadly ovoid, 1.5–1.8 (–2.25) mm long, 1.2–1.6 (–1.95) mm wide, dehiscence along the periphery of endocarps, innervation of the funicle indicated by a small sub-apical trace, margin roundish thickened sending out short small rounded combs, at places with cross anastomoses, forming a net of shallow lacunae, walls on cross section with fine radial striation suggesting orientation of elongate prismatic sclereids, locule fine puncate.
D i s c u s s i o n: According to Holý (1975, p. 40, pl. 6, figs 7-8) the material is specifically identical with the records from Hartau and Wiesa ( Mai 1964). Teodoridis (2003) reported similar endocarps from the drill core Hr 42 at Hrádek/N. Mai (1999b) compared the fossil Trema lusatica with various extant paratropical species of the Northern Hemisphere, e.g. T. velutina PLANCH ( Hong Kong), T. lamarckiana BENTH. ( Bermudas, West Indies) and T. micrantha DECAISNE ( Mexico).
M a t e r i a l: 25 endocarps, G 3032, 3037, 3073.
Zanthoxylum L. Zanthoxylum kristinae (HOLÝ) GREGOR
Pl. 8, figs 1-2
1977a Rutaspermum kristinae HOLÝ , p. 119, pl. 5, figs 1-12 (Hrádek/N., Kristina Mine).
1987 Zanthoxylum kristinae (HOLÝ) GREGOR , pp. 118-119, pl. 6, figs 1-3 (Hrádek/N., Kristina Mine).
Description and discussion see Holý (1975, 1977a) and Gregor (1987). New records were published from Wieliczka ( Łancucka-Środoniowa and Zastawniak 1997) and Berzdorf ( Czaja 2003). According to Gregor (1987), comparable seeds are produced by Zanthoxylum clava-herculis L. (Caribbean) and Z. stipitatum ENGL. ( Bolivia).
M a t e r i a l: 28 seeds, some fragments, G 3085, 4312-13, 4316-17, 4319.
Toddalia BLUME Toddalia latisiliquata (LUDWIG) GREGOR
Pl. 8, fig. 3
1860 Cytisus latisiliquatus LUDWIG , p. 145, pl. 58, figs 14, 17 (Hessenbrücken).
1964 Carpolithus latisiliquatus (LUDWIG) MAI , p. 118, pl. 16, fig. 12 (Hartau).
1975a Toddalia latisiliquata (LUDWIG) GREGOR , p.126, fig. 4c (Hessenbrücken).
1977a Toddalia latisiliquata (LUDWIG) GREGOR ; Holý, p. 112 (Hrádek/N., Kristina Mine)
Seeds anatropic, 5.6 mm long, 2.9 mm wide, 2.4 mm thick, in lateral view obliquely reniform to boat-shaped, dorsal side rounded, ventral side concave, bent saddle-like, with deep, long triangular hilar scar, 2.1 mm long, 1 mm wide, sides flat, near the scar slightly concave, forming an angle of 35°, funicular canal entering the hilum from the lower part of ventral edge, micropyle probably above the upper sharp end of hilum, testa very thick, on surface with fine rounded pits ( Holý 1975, pp. 64-65, pl. 12, figs 8-9, as Toddalia latisiliquata (LUDWIG) HOLÝ comb. nov.)
D i s c u s s i o n: Holý (1975) recognized the systematic position of these long enigmatic seeds at the same time as Gregor (1975a, b), who produced a detailed study of the fossil representatives of Toddalia BLUME. For further details we refer to this account that includes also the material from the Kristina Mine.
M a t e r i a l: A large quantity of seeds, G 3034, 3054.
Sapindaceae JUSS. (incl. Aceraceae JUSS. )
Acer L. Acer tricuspidatum BRONN emend. WALTHER
Pl. 3, figs 21-23, pl. 13, figs 11-12
1838
1845 1972 Acer tricuspidatum BRONN , p. 865, pl. 35, figs 10 a-b (Salzhausen).
Acer trilobatum A. BRAUN , p. 172 (Öhningen).
Acer tricuspidatum BRONN ; Walther, p. 56, pls 7-18, pl. 24, figs 5-7, pls 39-51, text-figs 13-18 (review of several occurrences in Europe).
Incomplete leaves and lamina fragments, ovate, palmately sub- trilobed, 12–46 mm long and 6–19 mm wide, medial lobe widely triangular, lateral lobes triangular, apices acute, base widely cuneate to rounded, margin irregularly simple bluntly serrate, to entire, tooth apices obtuse, venation basal actinodromous, 3 primary veins, lateral veins originating at an angle of 30–40°, straight, strong, secondary veins thinner, alternate, straight, at angles of 30–50°, tertiary veins opposite to alternate percurrent, curved to sinuous, venation of higher orders regular, polygonal reticulate, areolation well-developed, 3- to 4-sided, freely ending veinlets dichotomous branching. Adaxial epidermis thinly cutinized, faintly striate, composed of polygonal cells 15–25 µm in diameter with straight to slightly curved anticlinal walls. Abaxial epidermis medium cutinized, hairy, faintly granulate, non-modified cells polygonal, ca. 10 µm in diameter with slightly sinuous anticlinal walls, stomata anomocytic, sub-circular no elliptic, 10–20 µm long and 8–10 µm wide, outer stomatal ledges sub-parallel, thick, unicellular trichomes 70-100 µm long, dense on veins and among stomata.
D i s c u s s i o n: The above described epidermis structure corresponds to the standard hairy leaf forms, as described, e.g., by Walther (1972). Acer tricuspidatum belongs to Arctoteriary elements and occurs infrequently in mastixioid floras of Europe ( Kvaček et al. 2011). The nearest living relatives belong to sect. Rubra PAX ( A. rubrum L., A. saccharinum L.) and grow in the eastern part of North America.
M a t e r i a l: Fragments of leaf compressions on slides G 9320-26 (KR 45, 148, 164, 187, 208, 209, 428).
? Sapindus L.? Sapindus sp.
Pl. 3, figs 24-25, pl. 14, figs 1-2
Fragment of leaflet base, lamina probably oblong to elliptic ovate, 29 mm long and 21 mm wide, base asymmetric cuneate, margin entire, venation brochidodromous, primary vein distinct, straight, secondary veins thinner, opposite to alternate, curved, numerous, at angles of 55–70°, intersecondaries thinner and parallel, tertiary veins alternate perpendicular, sinuous, venation of higher orders regular polygonal reticulate, areolation well-developed, 3- to 4- sided, veinlets with dendritic branching. Adaxial epidermis thinly cutinized, faintly striate, reflecting non-modified polygonal cells ca. 32–38 µm in diameter, abaxial epidermis less cutinized, smooth, outlines of non-modified cells polygonal, of variable size, 12–30 µm in diameter, stomata anomocytic, elliptic, simple bases of serial trichomes scattered, 15–17 µm in diameter, remains of trichomes up to 38 µm long, without preserved apical parts.
D i s c u s s i o n: Although fragmentary, the strongly asymmetric base of the present fossil suggests that it was a leaflet. Such remains are referred usually to Sapindus L. (cf. Bůžek 1971). We present the first epidermal structure of such foliage, which indeed matches some species of Sapindus with deciduous foliage from warmer parts of North America and Asia in the overall structure of its abaxial cuticle (anomocytic small stomata, serial trichomes – Pl. 14, fig. 3 in this study). Some confusion exists in the taxonomy of Sapindus preventing us from suggesting a living relative species more exactly.
M a t e r i a l: One compression of a leaflet fragment on a slide G 9327 (KR 22).
Cornaceae DUMORT. (incl. Nyssaceae JUSS. ex DUMORT. )
Subfam. Cornoideae
Swida OPIZ Swida gorbunovii (DOROFEEV) NEGRU
Pl. 8, fig. 4
1955 Cornus gorbunovii DOROFEEV , p. 137, pl. 6, figs 13-16 (Odesa).
1964 Cornus gorbunovii DOROFEEV ; Mai, p. 113, pl. 15, figs 1-3 (Hartau).
1972 Swida gorbunovii (DOROFEEV) NEGRU , p. 146 (Odesa).
1977a Swida gorbunovii (DOROFEEV) NEGRU ; Holý, p. 113 (Hrádek/N., Kristina Mine).
Endocarps secondarily compressed, 2.6–3.8 mm long, 2.7–4.2 mm wide, broadly elongate, rarely elongate or transversally ovoid, bilocular, both locules interconnected, slightly oblique, asymmetrically developed, base sometimes narrowed into a short conical stalk, apex narrowed, sharply pointed, a thin shallow groove on medial septum between locules, seen mainly on laterally compressed specimens, surface smooth, at most with thin ribs reaching from the base to half the endocarp length, 6 meridional vascular bundles (sometimes with thinner bundles between them) on fine ribs (groows) ( Holý 1975, p. 92, pl. 20, figs 4-7).
D i s c u s s i o n: According to Holý (1975), the material perfectly matches the records from western Siberia, Upper Lusatia and Poland ( Raniecka-Bobrowska 1959 as Cornus aff. stolonifera, Szafer 1961 , as Cornus alba L. foss.).
M a t e r i a l: Over 100 endocarps, G 3012, 3047, 8851, Gs 101.
Subfam. Nyssoideae ARNOTT
Nyssa L. Nyssa ornithobroma UNGER
Pl. 8, figs 5-7
1860 Nyssa ornithobroma UNGER , p. 16, pl. 8, figs 15-18 (Salzhausen).
1977a Nyssa ornithobroma UNGER ; Holý, p. 112 (Hrádek/N., Kristina Mine).
2003 Nyssa ornithobroma UNGER ; Teodoridis, p. 17, pl. 5, figs 2-4 (Hrádek/N., drill cores).
Endocarps secondarily compressed, broadly to long obovoid to ellipsoid, widest usually above half of the length, 6–14 mm long, 3.5– 7 mm wide, bi- to trilocular, with 10–14 longitudinal vascular bundles on surface between low ribs, apex usually pointed, base more rounded, germination operculum sub-apical, trigonal to slightly elongate trigonal, thin rugulose coriaceous exocarp rarely preserved.
D i s c u s s i o n: According to Holý (1975) this species differs from endocarps of Nyssa disseminata (LUDWIG) KIRCHCHEIMER , which are 5–14 mm long, ovoid, with broadly triangular operculum and always unilocular. The material from the Kristina Mine deviates from the standard populatioms of Nyssa ornithobroma by the lack of typically winged large fruits with long triangular operculum. In addition, it includes broadly ovoid rounded forms recalling N. macrocarpa DOROFEEV. Endocarps of the living species N. aquatica L. are in many ways similar but are strictly unilocular, with 8–10 vascular bundles on distinct ribs and twice as large. Those of N. sinensis OLIVER correspond in size (8–14 mm long) and form and are partly bilocular. This extant taxon occupies mixed wet forests along streams in SE China. However, autecological habitats of the modern N. biflora WALT. and N. aquatica L. (significant elements of swamp forests in the southeastern part of the USA) correspond more closely to a supposed niche of Nyssa ornithobroma .
M a t e r i a l: Numerous endocarps, G 3013, 4618, 8847, 8848, 8849, Gs 82.
Subfam. Mastixioideae HARMS
Holý (1977b) made a detailed revision of the fossil representatives of the Mastixioideae from the Kristina Mine and elsewhere within the Bohemian Massive, which requires only slight corrections.
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Universität Zürich |
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University of Helsinki |
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