Catostola baleta ( Walker, 1849 ) Camargo, Alexssandro, Vieira, Rodrigo & Rafael, José Albertino, 2023

Camargo, Alexssandro, Vieira, Rodrigo & Rafael, José Albertino, 2023, Taxonomic review of Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 with the revalidation of Catostola Hull, 1958 (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) and description of a new species, Zootaxa 5276, pp. 1-71 : 18-25

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5276.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:92300500-BB24-45B0-8ADD-977C3220A069
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7907316
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A4878E-EE53-3850-BEE1-FA92F7C0FAAB
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Catostola baleta ( Walker, 1849 )
status	comb. nov.

Treatment

Catostola baleta ( Walker, 1849) View in CoL comb. nov.

( Figs 9–13 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 , 44 View FIGURE 44 )

Asilus baletus Walker, 1849: 427 View in CoL ; Walker, 1855: 699, 704 (species list); Williston, 1891: 90 (catalogue); Kertész, 1909: 251 (catalogue); Hull, 1962 (2): 545 (synopsis of world fauna); Martin & Papavero, 1970: 88 (catalogue).

Lecania baleta ; Artigas & Papavero, 1995: 37 (combination); Papavero, 2009: 31 (catalogue).

Ctenodontina baleta ; Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017: 285, figs. 1, 6, 24–36, 34–47 (combination); Sánchez & Camargo, 2021: 278 (key).

Pachychoeta caracasae Martin, 1975: 85 View in CoL ; Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017: 285 (synonym).

Lecania? caracasae View in CoL ; Artigas & Papavero, 1995: 37 (combination and (?) junior synonym); Papavero, 2009: 31 (catalogue).

Pachychoeta inca Martin, 1975: 86 View in CoL ; Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017: 285 (synonym).

Lecania inca ; Artigas & Papavero, 1995: 38 (combination); Papavero, 2009 (catalogue).

Diagnosis. Face yellowish pruinose; mystacal macrosetae yellowish white with seven dark brown macrosetae mid-dorsally ( Fig. 9C–D View FIGURE 9 ); thorax ochre brown pruinose with dark brown to black paramedian stripes ( Fig. 9B View FIGURE 9 ); wings yellowish translucent ( Fig. 10C View FIGURE 10 ); legs mostly yellow, except mid femur apically and hind femur with apical third black and an anterodorsal black stripe fading proximally ( Fig. 9A–B View FIGURE 9 ); abdomen dark brown pruinose with lateral and posterior corners greyish brown pruinose ( Fig. 9A–B View FIGURE 9 ); terminalia shining black ( Fig. 10E–G View FIGURE 10 ); epandrium slowly narrowing towards tip with a strong narrowing sub-apically forming a finger-like projection with a pointed tip ( Figs 10E View FIGURE 10 , 11E View FIGURE 11 ); S8 trapezoidal on anterior half with a rectangular mid-posterior projection ending beyond apex of terminalia ( Figs 10E, G View FIGURE 10 , 11B–D View FIGURE 11 ).

Redescription. Holotype male ( Figs 9–10 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 ). Head ( Fig. 9C–D View FIGURE 9 ): eyes black; face yellowish pruinose; mystacal macrosetae yellowish white with seven dark brown macrosetae mid-dorsally ( Fig. 9C–D View FIGURE 9 ); subvibrissal macrosetae and setae yellowish white; gena yellowish pruinose; palpus dark brown almost black with yellowish white macrosetae apically, other setae dark brown, except for a few whitish setae ventrally at base; proboscis black, labial setae yellowish, proboscial setae white; antennal socket black, yellowish pruinose; frons golden brownish pruinose; orbital setae black; ocellar tubercle black, golden brownish pruinose with 4 proclinate black setae; vertex golden brown pruinose; occiput white pruinose; 14–15 dark yellow postocular macrosetae (proximal 5 black), other dorsal occipital setae whitish with a few black setae dorsally; lateral occipital and lower occipital setae white, slightly branched. Antenna: scape and pedicel black, black setose, sparsely brownish pruinose; postpedicel black, brownish pruinose with 4–5 short yellowish setae dorsally at base; stylus dark reddish brown, first article minute, second article long and slender, slightly enlarged sub-apically ending in a dark reddish tip ( Fig. 10A–B View FIGURE 10 ).

Thorax ( Fig. 9A–B View FIGURE 9 ): ochre brown pruinose; antepronotum and postpronotum ochre brown pruinose laterally; scutum with a pair of dark brown almost black pruinose paramedian stripes rounded anteriorly, laterally and fading after postsutural spots; pre and postsutural spots and prescutellar spots dark brown almost black pruinose; median stripe brown pruinose; postalar wall and scutellum greyish brown pruinose ( Fig. 10D View FIGURE 10 ); pleura ochre brown pruinose mixed with small spots of greyish pruinosity. Chaetotaxy: antepronotal macrosetae black and setae yellowish; 2 notopleural; 2 supra alar; 1 postalar and 4 pairs of dorsocentral postsutural black macrosetae; scutum with short black acrostichal setae (except on paramedian stripes, asetose); scutellum with short sparse black discal scutellar setae with a few yellowish setae mixed ( Fig. 10D View FIGURE 10 ); anepisternum with thin black setae dorsally and white posteriorly; katatergite with yellowish macrosetae and white setae; remainder of pleura with thin and very sparse white setae.

Wings ( Fig. 10C View FIGURE 10 ): yellowish translucent; veins dark brown, becoming reddish at base; R 4 slightly rounded at the junction with R 5; bifurcation of R 4 and R 5 beyond discal cell at a distance equivalent to the length of two crossvein r-m; crossvein r-m shortly after the middle of discal cell (at a distance equivalent to the length of one crossvein mm); cells m 3 and cua closed before wing margin. Halteres: dark yellow, knob slightly lighter.

Legs ( Fig. 9A–B View FIGURE 9 ): coxae and trochanters ochre brown pruinose, coxae with posterior area greyish pruinose; femora yellow, hind femur slightly darker, mid femur with a dark brown to black anterodorsal spot apically, hind femur with apical third black and an anterodorsal black stripe fading proximally; tibiae yellow, fore and mid tibiae with a brown spot anteroventrally at apex and hind tibia with apical third and ventrally dark brown to black; fore and mid tarsi dark yellowish brown with first tarsomeres dark yellow and apex of last tarsomeres black, hind tarsus dark brown to black. Chaetotaxy: coxae with white macrosetae and setae, hind coxa with yellowish macrosetae; hind trochanter with 1 anterior and 3 posterior yellow macrosetae; fore femur with 10–11 ventral yellow macrosetae; mid femur with 6–7 ventral (yellow), 6 anteroventral (proximal one yellow), 3 anterior, 1 posterodorsal preapical and 2 posterior (yellow) black macrosetae; hind femur with 5–6 ventral (yellow), 2 anteroventral preapical, 2–3 anterodorsal (proximal one yellow), 1 pair dorsal preapical and 1 pair apical black macrosetae; femora black setose anterodorsally and yellow posteroventrally; tibiae with black macrosetae and short black setae anterodorsally and short yellowish setae posteroventrally; tarsi with black macrosetae and setae; brush setae golden reddish brown; pulvilli dark yellow, empodium reddish; claws black.

Abdomen ( Fig. 9A–B View FIGURE 9 ): T1–6 dark brown pruinose dorsally with lateral margins and posterior corners greyish brown pruinose; T1 with 5–6 yellowish marginal lateral macrosetae and a tuft of long marginal lateral setae; T2 and T3 with 7–8 yellowish marginal lateral macrosetae; T4–T7 with 5–6 yellowish marginal lateral macrosetae; other short, sparse, appressed setae yellowish, except mid-dorsally with brown setae; sternites greyish brown pruinose with sparse, long, thin whitish setae.

Terminalia ( Figs 10E–G View FIGURE 10 , 11 View FIGURE 11 , 12 View FIGURE 12 ): shining black, except cercus, dark reddish to almost black; terminalia black setose, except cercus, subepandrial sclerite, apex of epandrium, apex of gonostylus, lateral and posterior margins of S8 with golden reddish brown and yellow setae; T8 with 7–8 black marginal lateral macrosetae ( Figs 10F View FIGURE 10 , 11F View FIGURE 11 ); epandrium with 2–3 long and stout black macrosetae at mid-anterior ventral margin ( Figs 10E–G View FIGURE 10 , 11E View FIGURE 11 ); epandrium slowly narrowing towards tip with a strong narrowing sub-apically forming a finger-like projection with a pointed tip ( Figs 10E View FIGURE 10 , 11E View FIGURE 11 ); S8 trapezoidal on anterior half with a rectangular mid-posterior projection ending beyond apex of terminalia ( Figs 10E, G View FIGURE 10 , 11B–C View FIGURE 11 ); hypandrium with posterior margin concave ( Fig. 11G View FIGURE 11 ); gonocoxite narrowing towards tip, curved upwards medially with a rounded apex ( Fig. 12A, D–E View FIGURE 12 ); gonocoxite straight apically in dorsal and ventral views ( Fig. 12B–C View FIGURE 12 ); gonocoxal apodeme wrench-like anteriorly ( Fig. 12D–E View FIGURE 12 ); gonostylus blade-like, pointed distally ( Fig. 12F View FIGURE 12 ); ejaculatory apodeme fan shaped, pointed posteriorly; phallus with prongs thin and long ( Fig. 12A, G View FIGURE 12 ); cercus and subepandrial sclerite short with rounded apex ( Fig. 12H–I View FIGURE 12 ).

Holotype condition. Right postpedicel missing ( Fig. 9B–C View FIGURE 9 ).

Female ( Fig. 13 View FIGURE 13 ). Similar to male, except last abdominal segments and terminalia. T 7 and terminalia shining black, T 8 dark reddish at posterior margin; T 7 and T 8 black setose; T 9+10 and cercus yellowish setose; S8 and hypoproct reddish yellow setose ( Fig. 13A–C View FIGURE 13 ); opening of genital fork on the S8 forming a ventral pronounced keel (like a boat rudder) ( Fig. 13D View FIGURE 13 ); opening of genital fork and hypoproct with dark reddish spines ( Fig. 13A–F View FIGURE 13 ); spermathecae rounded ( Fig. 13G View FIGURE 13 ), reaching abdominal segment 6; spermathecal pump about 3 times smaller than length of spermathecal duct, slightly turgid ( Fig. 13G View FIGURE 13 ); spermathecal ducts ending separately at genital fork ( Fig. 13G–H View FIGURE 13 ); apodeme of genital fork connected laterally with lateral sclerites ( Fig. 13G–I View FIGURE 13 ); lateral sclerites connected with T 9+10; apodeme of genital fork without a mid-dorsal ridge ( Fig. 13G–I View FIGURE 13 ).

Variation. Hind femur entirely black, except ventral basal half dark reddish; hind femur yellow at base and ventrally, slowly becoming black towards apex;

Taxonomic discussion. This species can be differentiated from other Catostola species by the absence of femoral swelling with short, stout macrosetae on hind femora and by the colour of legs mostly yellow ( Fig. 9A View FIGURE 9 ). The most similar species are Catostola martini ( Fisher, 1992) comb. nov., Catostola indecisa sp. nov., and Catostola complicata ( James, 1953) comb. nov. It can be distinguished from the two first by the yellow colour of the hind femur with only the apex and an anterior band dark brown to black fading proximally ( Fig. 9A View FIGURE 9 ) and from the last one by the shape of the epandrial finger-like projection that becomes constricted only sub-apically ( Fig. 11E View FIGURE 11 ) and the gonocoxite apex that also only becomes constricted sub-apically ( Fig. 12E View FIGURE 12 ).

Distribution ( Fig. 44 View FIGURE 44 ). Colombia (new record) (La Guajira, Magdalena, Cesar and Tolima) and Venezuela (Vargas, Aragua, Miranda, Carabobo and Guárico) ( Vieira et al. 2017).

Material examined. Holotype. Type / VENEZ [UELA] / 46 75 [underside of label] / Venezuela / One of Walkers series so named eaw / TYPE Pachychaeta baleta (Wlk) N. Papavero det. / Holotype Asilus baletus Walker det. J.E. Chainey, 1985 / bar code NHMUK010632841 ( Fig. 9A View FIGURE 9 [insert]) (♁ NHM). Additional material. [ COLOMBIA], La Guajira, 11°20′23″N 72°36′40″W] Guayra, Haeberlin / 2075 / La Guayra Haeberl. (1♁ MfN); Rio Frio [10°53′59″N 74°10′11″W], Magd.[alena], Colombia G. Salt 20.x.1927 / C. H. Curran Collection Acc. 31144 (1♁ AMNH); Brit.[ish] Mus.[eum] 1925-576 / Colombia: Lake Sapatoza region, [Cesar], Chiriguana [Chiringuaná] District. [09°21′42″N 73°36′07″W], viii–xi.1924. C. Alen. / Ommatius sp. Det. S.W. Bromley 1931 / facies like Ommatius , but no trace of feathering on the antennae (1♁ NHM); [Colombia, Tolima], Ambalema [04°46′58″N 74°45′48″W] / 7282 (1♁ MfN); [ VENEZUELA], Distrito Federal [Vargas], Rio Oritapo [10°36′02″N 66°29′59″W], 200 m, col.: M. Ayala, 11.6.[19]67 (1♁ & 1♀ INPA); [Carabobo] San Esteban [10°25′30″N 68°00′48″W], Venez.[uela], xi.[19]39, Pablo Anduze / Lecania n. sp. near apicalis Brom. Det. S.W. Bromley (1♀ MZUSP); Venezuela, Maracay [10°14′49″N, 67°35′45″W], ges. P. Vogl (1♀ INPA); Vale Seco, Carabobo [10°11′35″N, 67°58′48″W], Venez.[uela] Jan.[eiro] [19]40, P.Anduze (1♁ MZUSP); [Venezuela], 7.x.1967, Edo.[Estado] Guárico, La Puerta, [San Francisco de Tiznados-Qda. Coronado 09°31′05″N 67°37′29″W], col. Adolfo Ayala [two specimens on same pin] (1♁ & 1♀ INPA); Same data [two specimens on same pin] (1♁ & 1♀ INPA); Venezuela F. Kummerow S. (1♁ & 1♀ MfN).

NHM	United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]
T	Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics
NHM	University of Nottingham
MfN	Museum für Naturkunde
AMNH	American Museum of Natural History
INPA	Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia
MZUSP	Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo

Copyright notice

No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.

Taxonomy

Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Arthropoda
Class	Insecta
Order	Diptera
Family	Asilidae
SubFamily	Asilinae
Genus	Catostola