Plagiobrissus grandis (Gmelin, 1791)

Guilherme, Pablo Damian Borges, Bueno, Maristela de Lima, Metri, Rafael, Baptista-Metri, Cassiana, Loose, Robin Hilbert & Tavares, Yara Aparecida Garcia, 2023, First record of the heart urchin Plagiobrissus grandis (Gmelin, 1791) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in the coastal region of Paraná, southern Brazil, Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 63, pp. 1-8 : 2-4

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11606/1807-0205/2023.63.026
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A5590C-AC11-FF99-FC8E-375E8CEC257E
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Plagiobrissus grandis (Gmelin, 1791)
status

Treatment

Plagiobrissus grandis (Gmelin, 1791) View in CoL View at ENA Figs 1 View Figure 1 , 2 View Figure 2 , 3 View Figure 3 and 4 View Figure 4

Echinus grandis Gmelin, 1791 – Gmelin, 1791: 3200.

Spatangus pectoralis (Lamarck,1816) – Lamarck,1816: 29.

Eupatagus pectoralis (Lamarck, 1816) – D′Archiac & Haime, 1853: 217-218.

Metalia pectoralis (Lamarck,1816) View in CoL – Agassiz,1872:144-145.

Plagiobrissus pectoralis (Lamarck,1816) View in CoL –Pomel,1883:29-30.

Eupatagus (Plagiobrissus) grandis (Gmelin, 1791) – Cooke, 1942: 54.

Plagiobrissusgrandis (Gmelin,1791)– Clark,1917:207-208, pl. 146: figs. 21, 22. Mortensen, 1951: 496-498, pl. 40-41, 63:figs.13,16.Tommasi,1958:7, pl. 11: fig.4. Tommasi, 1966: 20, pl. 5b. Kier, 1975, fig. 2-5; pl. 1-3; pl. 4: figs. 1, 2. Martins et al., 2018: 16-18, figs. 14-15. Gondim et al., 2018: 47-49, fig. 17.

Material examined: Parque Nacional Marinho das Ilhas dos Currais (Paraná State) – 10 m, 02-VIII-2015, // Maristela Bueno det. 2018. 1 ♀ (UNESPAR – ECH 033); Djanka ferry wreck (Paraná State) – 26 m, 2016 // Robin Hilbert Loose, personal observation .

Diagnosis: The specimen (ECH 033) dimensions were 155.65 mm in length, 118.93 mm in width, and 41.31 mm in maximum height( Fig.3 View Figure 3 ),test oval and flattened,round- ed anteriorly and truncate posteriorly ( Fig. 1 View Figure 1 ). The carapace is extremely thin and fragile, brittle. At the top of the test, the apical disc plating is ethmolytic, with 4 symmetrically sized gonopores.The ambulacral zones draw 4 petals radiating on the upper face from the apical system, these petals are slightly inserted into the test, without forming a gutter or deep furrow. At the front of the test, a shallow notch, without perforations, connects the apical system to the front concavity, under which opens the mouth or peristome ( Fig. 4A View Figure 4 ), which is in an anterior and ventral position, and relatively small (18.48 mm) representing 15% of the total width of the organism. Labrum short, in contact with both sternal plates ( Fig. 4A View Figure 4 ). Between these petals extend the inter-ambulacral zones covered with large tubercles in relief: these are the supports for the long spines (length = 25.35 ± 7.19 mm; width = 0.75 ± 0.19 mm; n = 10), with short, backward-curving spines between them ( Figs. 1 View Figure 1 and 2 View Figure 2 ). The peripetal fasciole is covered with very small spines (length = 4.12 ± 1.11 mm;width = 0.29 ± 0.05 mm;n = 10). In the middle of the ventral face is the plastron ( Fig. 3A View Figure 3 ), particularly narrow, with rectilinear and parallel edges. Outside the plastron, there are longer spines ( Fig. 3B View Figure 3 ) with a fan-shaped base (length = 20.07 ± 5.04 mm; width = 0.60 ± 0.11 mm; base width = 1.38 ± 0.17 mm; n = 10). The spatulate spines in the plastron ( Fig. 3C View Figure 3 ) are thinner and shorter than on the rest of the oral surface (length = 9.11 ± 1.83 mm; width = 0.51 ± 0.06 mm; tip width = 0.68 ± 0.08 mm; n = 10). The suture between the sternal and episternal plates is very marked and concave. The terminal (posterior) anus, surrounded by a subanal fasciole shield-shaped ( Fig. 4B View Figure 4 ) with large plates. Periproct large (10.63 mm), tear-shaped ( Figs. 4B and C View Figure 4 ), truncate, surrounded by anal fasciole ( Fig. 4C View Figure 4 ).

Colour: Living specimens are light brown ( Fig. 1 View Figure 1 ), naked test light beige.

Distribution: North America and Caribbean Sea (Palomares & Pauly, 2022). In Brazil from Alagoas, Bahia, São Paulo (Tommasi, 1958, Netto et al., 2005, Gondim et al., 2018), and Paraná (present study), including Trindade Island (Martins et al., 2018). This is the first record of this species in Paraná State ( Fig. 5 View Figure 5 ). From depths of 1 to 210 m, but most common in less than 50 m (Serafy, 1979).

Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Echinodermata
Class	Echinoidea
Order	Spatangoida
Family	Brissidae
Genus	Plagiobrissus