Cryphalus mangiferae Stebbing, 1914

Johnson, Andrew J., Honsberger, David & Beaver, Roger A., 2021, New records and taxonomic notes on Cryphalus Erichson, 1836 in Hawaiʻi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), Zootaxa 4999 (1), pp. 41-57 : 45-47

Cryphalus mangiferae Stebbing, 1914

( Figs. 3A–E )

Cryphalus inops Eichhoff, 1872: 131 (syn.: Wood 1982: 871, suppressed by Tubbs 1986).

Hypothenemus griseus Blackburn, 1885: 194 (syn.: Wood 1982: 871, suppressed by Tubbs 1986).

“ Hypothenemus sp. ?” Stebbing 1903: 68.

Cryphalus (Hypothenemus) mangiferae Stebbing, 1914: 542 .

Dacryphalus (Cryphalus) mangiferae ( Stebbing, 1914) : Hopkins 1927: 28.

Hypocryphalus mangiferae Eggers, 1928: 85 (syn.: Eggers 1931: 185).

Hypocryphalus mangiferae ( Stebbing, 1914) : Eggers 1931: 185.

Cryphalus subcylindricus Schedl, 1942: 16 (syn.: Schedl 1958: 153).

Cryphalus mimicus Schedl, 1942: 17 (syn.: Kalshoven 1958: 164).

Hypocryphalus opacus Schedl, 1942: 20 (syn.: Kalshoven 1958: 164).

Taenioglyptes artestriatus Browne, 1970: 553 (syn.: Johnson et al. 2020b: 46).

Type material examined. Holotype Hypothenemus griseus Blackburn, 1885 . UNITED STATES • 1 ♀? Holo- type; Hawaiʻi; T. Blackburn leg.; labeled “ Type ///// Hawaiian Is.// Rev. T. Blackburn.// 1888-30. //// Cryphalus not Hypothenemus D. J. Atkinson det. 1950//// NHMUK 010805930 ”; UFFE:26252; ( NHMUK) . Lectotype Cryphalus mangiferae Stebbing, 1914 . INDIA • 1 ♀ Lectotype; 1902; E. P. Stebbing leg.; ex. Mangifera indica ; mango twigs; labeled “ India // E.P.Stebbing //902-309. //// mango twigs // Cryphalus mangiferae Stb. // C. Beeson det. //// LECTOTYPE Cryphalus mangiferae // S.L.W. 1976 Stebb. //// NHMUK 010805929 ”; UFFE:26286; ( NHMUK) • Paralectotype ♂?; same collection data; UFFE :10426; ( NHMUK).

Other material examined. UNITED STATES • 1 ♀; Hawaiʻi, Oʻahu, Kahana Bay ; 21.5604°N,- 157.8765°E; 31 Jan. 2020; David Honsberger leg.; ex. Mangifera indica ; from branches under bark; UFFE :35199 • 1 ♂; Same collection data; UFFE : 35200 • 65; Same collection data; UFFE : 35198 • 20; Hawaiʻi, Oʻahu, Waimānalo Research Station ; 23 Nov. 2020; David Honsberger leg.; ex. Mangifera indica ; from branches under bark; UFFE : 36092 • 1; labeled “ Honolulu T.H. 9-19-31. H.L. Lyon. ex. mango scions”; ( BPBM) • 1; labeled “Honolulu T.H. 10-10-31. H.L. Lyon. Vineyard St. Nursery. ex. mango graft.”; ( BPBM) • 4 labeled “Moanalua Gardens, Oahu. March ’47. Col K.L.Maehler. ” [det. S.L. Wood]; ( BPBM) • 6 labeled “Kawiwi, Oʻahu. 8-54. E.J Ford Collector. Mangifera indica .”; ( BPBM) • 2 labeled “Wahiawa Wahiawa, Oʻahu. 9-58. E.J. Ford Jr. Collector ”; ( BPBM) • 1; labeled “ Hawaii No. 2443. Mangifera indica .”; ( BPBM) • 1; labeled “Damon Tract, Oahu. 2-53. Coll. Ford. ”; ( BPBM) • 1 labeled “Ka- lihi Val. Oahu. E. J. Ford Jr. Collector. ”; ( BPBM) .

Diagnosis: Female. Length 1.6–2.2 mm. Proportions 2.2–2.3 times as long as wide. Matures yellow-orangebrown, rarely dark brown. Frons with fine aciculations converging at center of epistoma ( Fig. 3D ). Antennal funiculus with five funicular segments, club with procurved sutures. Pronotal margin with four asperities, the median pair larger. Pronotal disc approx. 1/3 of pronotal length, with only hair or dagger-like setae. Elytral disc more than half of elytral length. Interstrial bristles hair-like, all of similar length. Striae clearly visible as rows of punctures without ground vestiture. Ground vestiture dagger-like. Setae on lateral area of first visible abdominal ventrite mostly bifid, setae on posterior margin of abdominal ventrites hair-like and not in a distinct row.

Diagnosis: Male. Similar to female except: protibiae and protarsi with coarse, curved setae ( Fig. 3B , ventral).

The long pronotal disc with no scale-like setae makes this easy to distinguish from all other Hawaiian Cryphalus .

Host plants. Anacardiaceae : Mangifera indica L., M. odorata Griff. ( Kalshoven 1958) , Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) B. L. Burtt & A. W. Hill ; Euphorbiaceae : Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A. Juss. [not a confirmed repro- ductive host].

Distribution. Hawaiʻi: Oʻahu. Other locations: Pan-tropical.

Discussion. Cryphalus mangiferae is a pan-tropical species present wherever mango is grown. Two other Cryphalus species are known from mango, C. dilutus Eichhoff, 1878 and C. paramangiferae Johnson, 2020 . We only examined specimens from Oʻahu, though it is likely to be present on other islands.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Cryphalus mangiferae Stebbing, 1914. A: dorsal, lateral, and ventral photograph of female (UFFE:35199); B: dorsal, lateral, and ventral photograph of male (UFFE:35200); C: declivity of female (UFFE:35199); D: frons of female (UFFE:35199); E: frons of male (UFFE:35200).