Anoura javieri, Pacheco, Sanchez-Vendiza & Solari, 2018

Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Phyllostomidae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 444-583 : 520

68.

Peruvian Tailless Bat

Anoura javieri

French: Anoura de Javier / German: Peru-Langnasenfledermaus / Spanish: Anoura de Javier

Other common names: Javier's Tailless Bat

Taxonomy. Anoura javier: Pacheco, Sanchez-Vendiza & Solari, 2018 ,

“Trocha Eviceson (13°11'47"S,- 71°37'11"W), District of Challabamba, Province of Paucartambo, Cusco, Peru, 3350-3450 m a.s.l.”

Some authors have discussed affinities of these small species as part of a generic taxon called Lonchoglossa. Monotypic.

Distribution. Known only from upper montane forests of Manu National Park and Biosphere Reserve, Cusco Depart ment, S Peru; it could also occur in Yungas of Bolivia.

Descriptive notes. Head-body 61-69 mm, tail 0-8 mm, ear 12-13 mm, hindfoot 10-13 mm, forearm 37-38 mm; weight 10-11 g. Greatest lengths of skulls are 23.7-24-8 mm. The Peruvian Tailless Bat is among the smallest species of Anoura . Pelage is dark brown overall, with no distinct demarcation between dorsum and venter. Dorsal pelage is long (6-7 mm) and woolly; individual hairs mainly white (80% length) and dark brownish at tips (20%). Muzzle is elongated, and lower lip protrudes slightly beyond upperlip. Forearm is densely haired. Wing and uropatagium are brown to dark brown. Tail is present in only two ofsix specimens, perhaps a result of specimen preparation; uropatagium is narrow (less than 4 mm) and densely furred with long hairs; calcar is reduced; and hindfeet have whitish claws. Skull is small, with long and narrow rostrum; zygomatic arch is complete; braincase is comparatively short and smoothly rounded; and lambdoid crest is poorly developed. Dentition is delicate, and upper canines have no sign of sulcus. Upper molars have well developed paracones and metacones. Lower premolars and molars are narrow and laterally compressed, with well-developed cusps. Mandibular ramus is long, thin, delicate, straight, and markedly low.

Habitat. Upper montane forest habitat at elevations of 1900-3450 m (captured only during typical dry season in July-September). Habitats in this elevational range include mossy elfin forest on steep, humid slopes at 3250-3350 m; ecotone between mossy and elfin forests in mesic situations at 2500-2850 m; flat patch of cloud forest with tall, medium-sized trees (60 cm diameter at breast height) and rocky ground at c. 2000 m; and fast-flowing streams.

Food and Feeding. One stomach of a Peruvian Tailless Bat contained an abundance of pollen of diverse forms and vegetative remains that appeared to be anthers. No insects or endoparasites were found. Nevertheless, its diet is probably similar to congeners and includes nectar, pollen, and perhaps some insects.

Breeding. No information.

Activity patterns. Peruvian Tailless Bats are nocturnal.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information.

Status and Conservation. Not assessed on The IUCN Red List. Montane forests of southeastern Peru include several protected areas, but impact of major landscape transformations around these areas could threaten habitat where the Peruvian Tailless Bat and other endemic species are present.

Bibliography. Mantilla-Meluk & Baker (2006), Molinari (1994), Pacheco et al. (2018), Patterson et al. (2006), Sanborn (1933).

Figures

63. Tailed Tailless Bat (Anoura caudifer), 64. Ecuadorian Tailless Bat (Anowra aequatoris), 65. Cadena’s Tailless Bat (Anowra cadenai), 66. Tube-lipped Tailless Bat (Anoura fistulata), 67. Luis Manuel’s Tailless Bat (Anoura luismanueli), 68. Peruvian Tailless Bat (Anowra javier), 69. Handley’s Tailless Bat (Anoura cultrata), 70. Broad-toothed Tailless Bat (Anowra latidens), 71. Geoffroy’s Tailless Bat (Anoura geoffroy), 72. Tschudi’s Tailless Bat (Anoura peruana), 74. Godman’s Long-tailed Bat (Choeroniscus godmani), 75. Lesser Long-tailed Bat (Choeroniscus minor), 76. Greater Long-tailed Bat (Choeroniscus periosus), 77. Mexican Long-tongued Bat (Choeronycteris mexicana), 78. Capixaba Nectarfeeding Bat (Dryadonycteris capixaba), 79. Banana Bat (Musonycteris harrisoni), 80. Pale Brown Long-tongued Bat (Lichonycteris degener), 81. Dark Long-tongued Bat (Lichonycteris obscura), 82. Ega Long-tongued Bat (Scleronycteris ega)

Distribution. Known only from upper montane forests of Manu National Park and Biosphere Reserve, Cusco Depart ment, S Peru ; it could also occur in Yungas of Bolivia .