Kyphosidae, sensu Randall, 2005

Knudsen, Steen Wilhelm & Clements, Kendall D., 2013, Revision of the fish family Kyphosidae (Teleostei: Perciformes), Zootaxa 3751 (1), pp. 1-101 : 9

Key to the Atlantic species of Kyphosidae :

1. More than 22 (occasionally 22) total gill rakers (22–32); more than 56 total scale rows along the lateral line (usually more than 65) (56–85); often more than 70 scale rows along longitudinal row (50–77); unpaired fins not dusky.................... 2

– Fewer than 22 (occasionally with up to 22) total gill rakers (18–22); fewer than 76 total scale rows along lateral line (usually less than 66) (61–76); fewer than 68 scale rows along longitudinal row (54–67); unpaired fins dusky (Atlantic Ocean, Indo- Pacific Ocean)............................................................. Kyphosus bigibbus Darkfin chub

2. No more than 12 soft dorsal fin rays (occasionally 13) (11–13); 10–13 soft anal-fin rays (usually 11) (10–13); never more than 33 pterygiophores in total (32–33); not more than 70 scale rows along longitudinal row (50–69); soft rayed part of dorsal and anal fins often highly elevated in individuals with 13 dorsal fin rays; no conspicuous golden horizontal scale rows along body.... 3

– Thirteen or more soft dorsal fin rays (13–15); 11–14 soft anal fin rays; 36 or more pterygiophores in total (36–38); often more than 70 total scales rows along lateral line (63–80); soft rayed part of dorsal and anal fin not elevated; golden yellow horizontal scale rows along body from operculum to caudal fin (Atlantic Ocean, Indo-Pacific Ocean)....... Kyphosus vaigiensis Lowfin chub

3. Soft-rayed part of dorsal and anal fins extended; fourth dorsal fin ray long (8.7–19.1 %SL); second anal fin ray long (10.4–22.3 %SL); 25–30 total gill rakers (Atlantic Ocean, Indo-Pacific Ocean)................. Kyphosus cinerascens Highfin chub

– Soft-rayed part of dorsal- and anal-fin not extended; fourth dorsal fin ray short (4.8–11.9 %SL); second anal fin ray short (8.5– 15.2 %SL); 22–25 total gill rakers (Atlantic Ocean, Indo-Pacific Ocean)................ Kyphosus sectatrix Beaked chub