Cyriocosmus nicholausgordoni, Kaderka, 2015

Kaderka, Radan, 2015, The Neotropical genus Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903 and new species from Peru, Brazil and Venezuela (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae), Journal of Natural History 50, pp. 393-465 : 427-433

Cyriocosmus nicholausgordoni sp. nov.

( Figures 17 – 19 , 28c , 32c, d , 35b , Tables 11, 12)

Types

Male holotype ( SMFD) from Venezuela, State of Amazonas, Puerto Ayacucho, Pozo Crystal (inside fallen rotten damp log), 15 February 1995, R . C. West col .; one female paratype ( SMFD), the same data as in the male holotype .

Etymology

The specific name is a patronym in honour of the late Nick Gordon. Nick Gordon found this new species together with the collector while making a documentary about tarantulas.

Diagnosis

Cyriocosmus nicholausgordoni sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other congeners, except C. leetzi Vol, 1999 , by its reddish-brown carapace with the black caput and seven radially arranged black spots in the thoracic area, and by the presence of the dark longitudinal ventral band. Males have short paraembolic apophysis and weakly developed prolateral superior keel in palpal bulb morphology, female spermathecae have a caliciform extension and convex basal plates. From C. leetzi it differs by the black femora without whitish longitudinal stripes on the dorsal face and the presence of the fourth pair of very narrow lateral stripes near spinnerets. Males also differ by the absence of retrolateral process in palpal tibia, instead there is only a cluster of numerous spiniform setae.

Distribution ( Figure 36 )

Known only from the type locality. The region is originally covered with the Amazon rainforest.

Description

Male (SMFD) ( Figures 17a , 18a – d , 19e , 28c , 32c, d , 35b ): Total length: 16.7, carapace length 7.9, width 6.8, chelicerae with 8 teeth on promargin. Cheliceral teeth pattern from basal end: right side: vV-VVVVVV, 1 small and 7 big teeth. Left side: vV-VVVVVV, 1 small and 7 big teeth. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances ( Figure 19e ): AME 0.33 (circular), ALE 0.32 (oval), PME 0.22 (oval), PLE 0.31 (oval), AME – AME 0.17, AME – ALE 0.10, PME – PME 0.64, PME – PLE 0.03, ALE – PLE 0.12, AME – PME 0.06, OQ length 0.637, width 1.235. Ocular tubercle: length 1.092, width 1.235. Clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, straight, width 0.78, 5.45 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.04, width 1.35, anterior third with 45 cuspules, maxilla with 147 – 149 cuspules in anterior basal half. Sternum length 4.05, width 3.15, three pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.26, 0.44 from edge of sternum), coxae II and coxae I. Leg pattern: IV>I>II>III. Incrassate leg segments: slightly incrassate femur III.

Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 100%, metatarsi II 80%, metatarsi III 50%, metatarsi IV 35% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I integral, in tarsi II divided by longitudinal line of setae, in tarsi III divided by narrow longitudinal band of setae, in tarsi IV divided by wide longitudinal band of setae.

Spination: femora I d 0-0-1, II d 0-0-1, III p 0-0-1, d 0-0-1, IV 0 and femora of palp d 0-0- 1; patellae I – IV and patellae of palp 0; tibiae I v 0-1-0, p 0-0-1, r 0-0-1, II v 1-1-3, p 0-1-0, III v 2-2-2 (apical), p 0-2-1, r 1-1-1, IV v 2-1-3 (apical), r 0-1-1 and tibiae of palps 0; metatarsi I v 0-0-1 (apical), II v 2-0-1, p 0-1-0, III v 1-1-1, p 2-2-2, r 0-0-1, IV v 1-1-1 (apical), p 1-3-2 (apical), r 0-1-2 (apical), tarsi I – IV and tarsi of palps 0.

Palpal organ as in Figure 32c, d , embolus with short PA reaching approximately one sixth of embolus, smooth PS keel is not fused with PA. Tegulum with distinct granulated TP, projecting prolaterally. Retrolateral face of cymbium with basal field of spiniform setae. Protuberance on retrolateral face of palpal tibia is absent, instead there is only a cluster of numerous spiniform setae ( Figure 18c, d ). Two unequal subapical apophyses are present on tibia I ( Figure 28c ): a longer retrolateral tibial apophysis with single subapical spine on dorsal side, a shorter prolateral tibial apophysis with single, welldeveloped retrolateral basal spine reaching approximately two-thirds of its length. Metatarsus I not sigmoidly curved and without basal or median protuberance on retrolateral face. Metatarsus I flexion is between both tibial apophyses.

Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in central patch . PLS: length 3.69, basal segment 1.30, middle segment 0.83, apical segment 1.56, all digitiform. PMS: 0.73.

Coloration and covering setae: dorsal view ( Figures 17a , 18a ): carapace reddishbrown with black caput and seven radially arranged black spots in thoracic area, coxae and trochantera reddish-brown, femora black, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi black with longitudinal whitish stripes, tarsi black, chelicerae dorsally covered with whitish pubescence. Patellae I, II and palpal patella with two longitudinal stripes, patellae III, IV with two unequal diagonal stripes. Abdomen black with central reddish-brown patch of urticating setae and three pairs of clear lateral stripes, basally joined, the second and the third pair is joined with central patch. The fourth pair of very narrow stripes is located near spinnerets. Length of central patch: 3.46, width 3.26. Ventral view ( Figure 18b ): labium, sternum, coxae and trochantera reddish-brown, femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi dark grey. Abdomen ventrally with dark longitudinal band. Spinnerets fawn.

Female (SMFD) ( Figures 17b , 19a – 19d , 35b ): Total length: 21.5, carapace length 10.0, width 7.8, chelicerae with 9 – 10 teeth on promargin. Cheliceral teeth pattern from basal end: right side: vvvvvvVVV, 6 small and 3 big teeth. Left side: vvvvvvVVVv, 7 small and 3 big teeth. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances ( Figure 19d ): AME 0.38 (circular), ALE 0.38 (oval), PME 0.26 (oval), PLE 0.29 (oval), AME – AME 0.20, AME – ALE 0.13, PME – PME 0.74, PME – PLE 0.05, ALE – PLE 0.17, AME – PME 0.11, OQ length 0.74, width 1.46. Ocular tubercle: length 1.27, width 1.46, clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, straight, width 1.3, 7.0 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.30, width 1.85, anterior third with 36 cuspules, maxillae with 159 – 163 cuspules. Sternum length 5.0, width 4.2, with three visible pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.42, 0.68 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.46, 0.44 from edge of sternum) and coxae I. Leg pattern: IV>I>II>III. All leg segments uniform.

Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 90%, metatarsi II 70%, metatarsi III 60%, metatarsi IV 30% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I, II integral, only with thin longitudinal line of setae, tarsal scopulae III, IV divided by longitudinal band of setae.

Spination: femora II – IV and femora of palps 0, femora I d 0-0-1; patellae I – IV and patellae of palps 0; tibiae I-II 0, III v 0-0-2 (apical), p 0-1-0, r 1-1-0, IV v 0-1-2 (apical), r 0-0- 1 and tibiae of palps v 0-0-2 (apical); metatarsi I v 0-0-1 (apical), II v 1-0-1 (apical), III v 1-0-2 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-2-1, IV v 1-2-3 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-1-1, tarsi I – IV and tarsi of palps 0.

Spermathecae ( Figure 35b ): two separated spiral seminal receptacles, distally terminated with caliciform extension, basally with convex sclerotized plates.

Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in central U-shaped patch. PLS (damaged): length 4.9, basal segment 1.46, middle segment 1.33, apical segment 2.11, all digitiform. PMS: 0.94.

Coloration and covering setae: dorsal view ( Figures 17b , 19a ): carapace reddishbrown with black caput and seven radially arranged, fused black spots in thoracic area, coxae and trochantera reddish-brown, femora black with only triangular spot at apex, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi black with whitish longitudinal stripes. Tarsi black. Patellae I, II with two longitudinal stripes, patellae III, IV with two unequal diagonal stripes. Abdomen ( Figure 19c ) black except central U-shaped reddish-brown patch and three pairs of clear reddish-brown lateral stripes, joined both basally and apically with central U-shaped patch, complemented by fourth pair of very narrow stripes near spinnerets. Length of central patch: 6.7, width 4.5. Ventral view ( Figure 19b ): labium, sternum, coxae and trochantera reddish-brown, femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi dark grey. Abdomen ventrally with dark longitudinal band.

Figures

Figure 17. Cyriocosmus nicholausgordoni sp. nov. from Venezuela, Amazonas, Puerto Ayacucho, Pozo Crystal. (a) Male holotype (SMFD), dorsal view. (b) Female paratype (SMFD), dorsal view. Scale bar = 10 mm. Photo by Rick C. West.

Figure 18. Cyriocosmus nicholausgordoni sp. nov., male holotype (SMFD) from Venezuela, Amazonas, Puerto Ayacucho, Pozo Crystal. (a) Carapace, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, labium, coxae, maxillae and trochantera, ventral view. (c, d) Palpal tibia and cymbium without bulb, (c) retrolateral view, (d) ventral view. (e) Cyriocosmus leetzi Vol, 1999, male (RKCP 0579), Venezuela, Táchira, San Cristobal, Agua Dulce. Palpal tibia with distinct process covered with numerous spiniform setae, retrolateral view. Arrows show the basal fields of spiniform setae on retrolateral face of cymbium. Scale bar = 1 mm (c, d, e). Scale bar = 10 mm (a, b).

Figure 19. Cyriocosmus nicholausgordoni sp. nov., female paratype (SMFD) from Venezuela, Amazonas, Puerto Ayacucho, Pozo Crystal. (a) Carapace, coxae, trochantera and chelicerae, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, labium, coxae, maxillae and trochantera, ventral view. (c) Abdomen with striped pattern, dorsal view. (d) Ocular tubercle, dorsal view. (e) Cyriocosmus nicholausgordoni sp. nov., male holotype (SMFD), Venezuela, Amazonas, Puerto Ayacucho, Pozo Crystal. Ocular tubercle, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm (d, e). Scale bar = 10 mm (a–c).

Figure 28. (a) Cyriocosmus hoeferi sp. nov., male holotype (INPA 8803, formerly SMNK-ARA 0956) from Brazil, Manaus, Reserva Ducke. Right tibia I with apophyses, prolaterally ventral view. (b) Cyriocosmus giganteus sp. nov., male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0505244) from Peru, Loreto, Estación Biológica Quebrada Blanco. Left tibia I with apophyses, prolaterally ventral view. (c) Cyriocosmus nicholausgordoni sp. nov., male holotype (SMFD) from Venezuela, Amazonas, Puerto Ayacucho, Pozo Crystal. Left tibia I with apophyses, prolaterally ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figure 32. (a, b) Cyriocosmus leetzi Vol, 1999, male (RKCP 0251) from Venezuela, Táchira, San Cristobal, Agua Dulce. Morphology of right male palpal bulb, (a) prolateral view, (b) retrolateral view. (c, d) Cyriocosmus nicholausgordoni sp. nov., male holotype (SMFD) from Venezuela, Amazonas, Puerto Ayacucho, Pozo Crystal. Morphology of right male palpal bulb, (c) prolateral view, (d) retrolateral view. (e, f) Cyriocosmus sellatus (Simon, 1889), male (MUSM-ENT 0504034) from Peru, Loreto, Yanamono. Morphology of right male palpal bulb, (e) prolateral view, (f) retrolateral view. (g, h) Cyriocosmus perezmilesi Kaderka, 2007, male (RKCP 0174) from Bolivia, the Beni River, San Buenaventura. Morphology of right male palpal bulb, (g) prolateral view, (h) retrolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figure 35. (a) Cyriocosmus leetzi Vol, 1999 from Venezuela, Táchira, San Cristobal, Agua Dulce (RKCP 0197), morphology of spermathecae, dissected from the exuvia. (b) Cyriocosmus nicholausgordoni sp. nov. from Venezula, Amazonas, Puerto Ayacucho, Pozo Crystal, female paratype (SMFD), morphology of spermathecae, dissected from the specimen in alcohol. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figure 36. Distribution map of the Neotropic genus Cyriocosmus. Scale bar: 1000 km.